CAPITOL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cagayan De Oro City

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

ME 24
Energy Classification, Sources and Utilization

TITLE

Plate No.1

EVALUATION RATING:
DATE PERFORMED:
02/24/2021

DATE DUE: Criteria for Rating (100 pts.)

02/26/2021
Criteria Actual
Score
 Promptness (20 pts.)
SUBMITTED BY:
Vincent Rey Olario  Neatness (10 pts.)
Student
 Computations/Answers/
SUBMITTED TO: Data Analysis and Sketches
(40 pts.)
Dr. Rogelio Golez  Conclusion and
Instructor Recommendation
(30 pts.)
Remarks: ❑
Total Score 100

2nd SEMESTER School Year: 2021-2022

 Plate No. 1

Energy Classification, Sources and Utilization

Introduction:

Energy is the ability to do work and is associated with all our activities. When a force is applied
to an object over a distance, work is done (Work = Force × Distance). The energy of an object or
of a system is how much work the object or system can do on some other object or system. It is a
measure of the capability of an object or system to do work on another system or object. Energy
can be transferred from place to place and every time energy moves or changes it will effect
some changes in associated objects like they become hotter or colder, some physical movement
etc., which can be used for our various applications.

Most of the energy we use today comes from primary and secondary energy forms. Primary
energy sources are sources which can be found naturally such as fossil fuels - coal, oil, and
natural gas, biomass, radioactive minerals etc., which have not been subject to any sort of man‐
made conversion process. When primary energy is converted to a different form like electricity,
gasoline etc., they are secondary forms of energy, also known as energy carriers and they need to
be made using these primary energy sources. Globally the nonrenewable, primary energy sources
are providing nearly 80% of our energy needs (32% from oil, 26% from coal and 21% from
natural gas). Hydro and nuclear sources are responsible for around 5% each of our global energy
needs, while biomass and waste provide almost 10%. This is primarily due to wood burning in
developing countries.

As the nonrenewable energy sources are generally more reliable, affordable and easier to store
and transport their consumption is increasing significantly throughout the globe resulting in the
decline of their reserves. Rapidly reducing primary energy reserves are prompting global focus
on the development of innovative cost effective renewable energy technologies such as wind,
solar, ocean and geothermal which currently supply nearly 0.5% of total energy needs.

Objectives:

To be able to;

1. Demonstrate the ability to perform a parametric study for the important parameters that
control the performance of various energy generating systems.
2. Define the different types of energy.
3. Describe the principles of different types of power plants

Materials:

Reference books and internet sources.

Procedure:

1. Search in the internet and download the following information needed for this purpose.
1.1 Classification of energy source
1.1.1 Nonrenewable energy
1.1.2 Renewable energy
1.2 For each of the following make an introduction, how it works, give more details,
enumerate the advantages and disadvantages and determine whether it is renewable or
non-renewable.
1.2.1 Pumped storage reservoir
1.2.2 Hydro-electric power
1.2.3 Geothermal energy
1.2.4 Biomass
1.2.5 Nuclear power plant
1.2.6 Fossil fuels
1.2.7 Wind power
1.2.8 Wave power
1.2.9 Ocean power
1.2.10 Solar energy
1.2.11 Tidal power

1.3 Define the different types of energy stated below:

1. Mechanical Energy
2. Thermal Energy
3. Nuclear Energy
4. Chemical Energy
5. Electromagnetic Energy
6. Sonic Energy
7. Gravitational Energy
8. Kinetic Energy
9. Potential Energy
10. Ionization Energy
11. Radiant Energy
Activity 1

1. Classification of energy source

Nonrenewable energy - A non-renewable resource is a natural resource that cannot

be readily replaced by natural means at a quick enough pace to keep up with
consumption. An example is carbon-based fossil fuel. The original organic matter,
with the aid of heat and pressure, becomes a fuel such as oil or gas.

Renewable energy-A renewable resource is a natural resource which will replenish

to replace the portion depleted by usage and consumption, either through natural
reproduction or other recurring processes in a finite amount of time in a human time
scale. This include biomass energy (such as ethanol), hydro-power, geothermal
power, wind energy, and solar energy. Biomass refers to organic material from plants
or animals. This includes wood, sewage, and ethanol (which comes from corn or
other plants).

2. For each of the following make an introduction, how it works, give more details,
enumerate the advantages and disadvantages and determine whether it is renewable
or non-renewable.

Name Type of Working Principle Advantages Disadvantages

Energy
Source

Pumped Renewable Pumped-storage hydr Flexible high initial capital

storage o-power (PSH) is a and reliable cost and potential
reservoir type of hydroelectric site-specific negative
energy storage. It is a environmental and
ecological impacts
configuration of two
water reservoirs at
different elevations
that can generate
power (discharge) as
water moves down
through a turbine; this
draws power as
it pumps water
(recharge) to the
upper reservoir.
Hydro- Renewable It is electrical energy Low Environmental
electric produced through the emissions, consequences,
power power of moving water. Reliable, Expensive to build,
 safe Limited reserves

Geothermal Renewable are used in order to High degree fluid needs to be

energy generate electricity by accuracy pumped back into the
the use of geothermal underground
energy (the Earth's reservoirs faster than
internal thermal it is depleted.
energy). They Management is
essentially work the required to maintain
same as a coal or sustainability.
nuclear power plant, the
main difference being
the heat source.

Biomass Renewable wood waste or other always and not as efficient as

waste is burned to widely fossil fuels, Can lead
produce steam that runs available as to deforestation
a turbine to make a renewable
electricity, or that source of
provides heat to energy, less
industries and homes. expensive
than fossil
fuels

Nuclear Non- are a type of power Produces no Waste is radioactive

power plant renewable plant that uses the polluting and safe disposal is
process of nuclear gases, Does very difficult and
fission in order to not expensive
generate electricity. contribute to
They do this by using global
nuclear reactors in warming
combination with the
Rankine cycle, where
the heat generated by
the reactor converts
water into steam, which
spins a turbine and a
generator.

Fossil fuels Non- A fossil fuel is a fuel Readily Increasing fuel costs,

renewable formed by natural available, Release carbon
processes, such as Relatively dioxide (CO 2 ) when
anaerobic easy to burnt – greenhouse
decomposition of buried produce gas
dead organisms, energy from
containing organic them
molecules originating in
ancient photosynthesis
that release energy in
combustion

Wind power Renewable means getting the Renewable Noise and visual
 electrical energy by & clean pollution
converting wind energy source
into rotating energy of of energy,
the blades and Low
converting that rotating operating
energy into electrical costs
energy by the generator.

Wave power Renewable is the capture of energy Environment Effect on Marine

of wind waves to do Friendly, Ecosystem, Weak
useful work – for Abundant Performance in
example, electricity and Widely Rough Weather
generation, water Available.
desalination, or Variety of
pumping water. A Ways To
machine that exploits Harness.
wave power is a wave
energy converter
(WEC).

Ocean Renewable Energy Conversion Predictable If using tidal energy,

power (OTEC) is a process and reliable it can only supply
that can produce power for about 10
electricity by using the hours a day because
temperature difference of the pattern of the
between deep cold tides and it is
ocean water and warm expensive.
tropical surface waters.

Solar energy Renewable commonly called a solar Reduces Weather Dependent

cell, is a non- Electricity
mechanical device that Bills, Low
converts sunlight Maintenance
directly into electricity. Costs
Some PV cells can
convert artificial light
into electricity.

Tidal power Renewable is harnessed by It is an still has some

converting energy from inexhaustible environmental
tides into useful forms source of effects, It is an
of power, mainly energy, Tidal intermittent energy
electricity using various energy is source, It requires
methods. environment long gestation time
friendly
energy and
doesn't
produce
greenhouse
gases

3. Define the different types of energy stated below

 1. Mechanical Energy -is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its
position.

2. Thermal Energy (also called heat energy)- is produced when a rise in temperature causes
atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other.

3. Nuclear Energy- is the energy in the nucleus, or core, of an atom. Atoms are tiny units that
make up all matter in the universe, and energy is what holds the nucleus together.

4. Chemical Energy- is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, like atoms and
molecules.

5. Electromagnetic Energy- is a form of energy that is all around us and takes many forms, such
as radio waves, microwaves, X-rays and gamma rays.

6.Sonic Energy- is a production elements sound library that lives up to it's name.

7.Gravitational Energy- is the energy stored in an object due to its height above the Earth.

8.Kinetic energy- of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.

9.Potential Energy potential energy- is the energy held by an object because of its position
relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.

10.Ionization Energy or ionization energy- is the minimum amount of energy required to

remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule.

12. Radiant Energy- is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation.

Conclusion:
I conclude that energy sources are very important in our daily lives since it made our lives easier.
By knowing its advantages and disadvantages, I learned that renewable energy also helps
conserve the nation's natural resources. Renewable energy provides reliable power supplies and
fuel diversification, which enhance energy security and lower risk of fuel spills while reducing
the need for imported fuels. However, some of the renewable and nonrenewable source of energy
have their disadvantages, it is still help us to live our lives simpler and faster since it produce
electricity that runs the technologies.