Gas Dan Uap

Gas dan Uap
Gas and Vapour

• naturally associated with foods and food-processing systems:
– Equilibrium between food and water vapor determines temperatures achieved
during processing.
– Dissolved gases in foods such as oxygen affect shelf life.
– Gases are used to flush packages to eliminate oxygen and prolong shelf life.
– Modified atmospheres in packages have been used to prolong shelf life of packaged
foods.
– Air is used for dehydration.
– Gases are used as propellants in aerosol cans and as refrigerants
– Vacuum frying.
– Evaporator
• The distinction between gases and vapors is very loose because
theoretically all vapors are gases.
• The term “vapor” is generally used for the gaseous phase of a
substance that exists as a liquid or a solid at ambient conditions.
Kinetika Gas
• The postulates of the kinetic theory
– Gases are composed of discreet particles called molecules, which are
in constant random motion,colliding with each other and with the
walls of the surrounding vessel.
– The force resulting from the collision between the molecules and the
walls of the surrounding vessel is responsible for the pressure
of the gas.
– The lower the pressure, the farther apart the molecules, thus,
attractive forces between moleculeshave reduced influence on
the overall properties of the gas.
– The average kinetic energy of the molecules is directly proportional to
the absolute temperature
Absolute Temperature and Pressure
• pressure : force of collisions of gas molecules against a surface in contact
with the gas.
• pressure is proportional to the number of gas molecules and their velocity
(absolute pressure).
• Pressure is often expressed as gauge pressure when the measured
quantity is greater than atmospheric pressure, and as vacuum when below
atmospheric.
• Unit: psig, psia, kPa absolute, kPa above atmospheric, atmospheres (atm)
• standard atmosphere, the mean atmospheric pressure at sea level,
equivalent to 760 mm Hg, 29.921 in. Hg, 101.325 kPa, or 14.696 lbf/in.2
• Temperature (T) is a thermodynamic quantity related to the velocity of
motion of molecules
Absolute and gage pressure
Conversion factor
Calculate the absolute pressure inside an evaporator operating under
20 in. Hg vacuum. Atmospheric pressure is 30 in. Hg. Express this
pressure in SI and in the American Engineering System of units.
• Pabsolute =Patmospheric − Pvacuum =(30 − 20) in. Hg=10 in. Hg

• From the table of conversion factors, the following conversion
factors are obtained:
The Ideal Gas Equation
• Pressure, the force of collision between gas molecules and a surface, is
directly proportional to temperature and the number of molecules per
unit volume.
• PV = nRT the ideal gas equation.
• R is the gas constant and has values of 0.08206 L(atm)/(gmole.K); or 8315
N(m)/(kgmole.K) or 1545 ft(lbf)/(lbmole.◦R).
• a fixed quantity of a gas that follows the ideal gas equation undergoes a
process where the volume, temperature, or pressure is allowed to change,
the product of the number of moles n and the gas constant R is a constant
Calculate the quantity of oxygen entering a package in 24 hours if the packaging
material has a surface area of 3000 cm2 and an oxygen permeability 100 cm3/(m2)(24
h) STP (standard temperature and pressure = 0oC and 1 standard atmosphere of
101.325 kPa).
• Jawaban:
Calculate the volume of CO2 in ft3 at 70oF and 1 atm, which
would be produced by vaporization of 1 lb of dry ice.
Calculate the density of air (M = 29) at 70◦F and 1 atm in (a)
American Engineering
and (b) SI units.
Suatu proses memerlukan debit udara bertekanan 2
atm sebesar 10 m3/s pada suhu 20◦C. Hitung debit
kompresor pada STP yang harus diberikan.
• Kondisi STP adalah suhu (T) = 0oC (273 K),

tekanan (P) = 1 atm atau 101,325 kPa
• Debit 1 (V1) = 10 m3/s; T1 = 293 K; P1 = 2 atm
atau 202,65 kPa;
• V = (P1V1T)/(T1P) = (2 x 293 x 273)/(293 x 1) =
18,64 m3/s
Tugas
• Sebuah kaleng kosong berukuran diameter
6,8 cm dan tinggi 7,62 cm ditutup (seal) di
dalam ruangan dengan suhu 80oC dan tekanan
1 atm. Dengan asumsi bahwa hanya udara
yang ada di dalam kaleng, berapakah
banyaknya udara yang ada di dalam kaleng
tersebut jika kaleng disimpan pada suhu 20oC?

Gas Dan Uap

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Gas dan Uap

Gas and Vapour

• Pabsolute =Patmospheric − Pvacuum =(30 − 20) in. Hg=10 in. Hg

• Kondisi STP adalah suhu (T) = 0oC (273 K),

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