A

Mini Project Report

On
DESIGN OF A SMALL SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT UNIT
FOR A RESIDETIAL SOCIETY

In partial fulfillments for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Civil Engineering
SUBMITTED BY

Name:
ANUJ CHAUDHARY
ROLL NO :- 1706800014

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MEERUT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Meerut, Uttar Pradesh APJ Abdul kalam Technical University
2021
 CERTIFICATE
Certified that minor project work entitled “ DESIGN OF A SMALL SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANT UNIT FOR A RESIDETIAL SOCIETY ” is a bonafide work
carried out in the 7th semester by ANUJ CHAUDHARY in partial fulfilment for the award of
Bachelor of technology in Civil
Engineering from “ MEERUT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
” Meerut , during the academic year 2020-2021.

Project coordinator :
Ms Shivangi Vashisht

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I feel very proud to say that due to keen knowledge of the faculty of the Civil Department of
the Meerut Institute Of Engineering and technology .It was very easy for me to learn a lot
of knowledge regarding the “ DESIGN OF A SMALL SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
UNIT FOR A RESIDETIAL SOCIETY ”.

Finally I would like to thanks all the faculty members and senior teachers who have helped me
and co-operated with me during my project work.

NAME : ANUJ CHAUDHARY

ROLL.NO: 1706800014

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INTRODUCTION
1.1 General

1.1.1 Sewage
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from waste water & flat sewage, both runoff
(effluents) & domestic. It includes physical, chemical and biological process to remove physical,
chemical and biological contaminants. Its objectives is to produce a treated effluent and soil waste of
sludge suitable for discharge or re-use back in to the sewage plant. The material is often inadvertently
contaminated with many toxic organic and in-organic compound. Sewage implies the collecting of waste
water from occupied area and conveying them to some point of disposal. The liquid wastes will require
treatment before they are discharged into the water body or otherwise disposed of without endangering
the public health or causing offensive conditions. As the cities have grown, the more primitive method
of excreta disposal have gain place to the carried sewerage system. Even in the small cities the greater
safety of sewerage, it convenience & freedom from nuisance have caused it to be adopted where ever
finance permit, pose the greatest public health hazard. Waste water which is not properly treated may
eventually find its way into a community [1-5] water source and spread waterborne diseases [

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RESULT & DISCUSSION

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 Incremental Increase Method
Calculation:
Pn=Po +nx+(n+1)/2

YEAR POPULATION INCREASE INCREMENTAL

POPULATION INCREASE IN
POPULATION
2018 1100
2019 1350 250
2020 1500 150 100

P2047 = P2017
= 1100+250+150
= 1500
The population of ruby grand in 2047 is above 1500 peoples. As per census March 2017.
The water supply rate is calculated by TWAD is based on population. In Future it may be increased up
to 53LPCD.
The quantity of water supplied (assume) = 53LPCD in 2047
Population in the area = 1500
Rate of water supplied = 53 x1500 = 79.500KLD
As per cpheeo, the 80-85% quantity of water turns as sewage = 63.6KLD
The quantity of water turns as sewage is 63.6KLD. The peak flow rate of sewage is,
Peak factor = 3 Peak Flow
= 3X63.6KLD
=191KLD

LAYOUT OF TREATMENT PLANT

The following point should be kept in mind while giving layout of any sewage treatment
plant:
● All the plant should be located in the order of sequence, so that sewage from one
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process should directly go to other process.
● If possible all the plant should be located at such elevation that sewage can flow from
one plant into next under its force of gravity only.
● All the treatment units should be arranged in such a way that minimum area is required
it will also ensure economy in its cost.
● Sufficient area should be occupied for future extension.
● Staff quarter and office also should be provided near the treatment plant, so that
operators can watch the plant easily.
● The site of treatment plant should be very neat and give very good appearance.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Following points are considered during the design of sewage treatment unit:
● The design period should be taken between 25 to 30 years. International Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics Special Issue 158
● The design should not be done on the hourly sewage flow basis, but the average domestic flow basis.
● Instead of providing one big unit for each treatment more than two numbers small units should
provided, which will provide in operation as well as no stoppage during maintenance and repair of the
plant.
● Overflow weirs and the bypasses should be provided to cut the particular operation if desired.
● Self cleaning velocity should develop at every place and stage.
● The design of the treatment units should be economical; easy in maintenance should offer flexibility in
operation.

DESIGNING
Storage tank
Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, compressed gases (gas tank) or mediums used for the
short- or long-term storage of heat or cold. The term can be used for reservoirs (artificial lakes and
ponds), and for manufactured containers. Storage tanks are available in many shapes: vertical and
horizontal cylindrical; open top and closed top; flat bottom, cone bottom, slope bottom and dish bottom.
Large tanks tend to be vertical cylindrical, or to have rounded corners transition from vertical side wall
to bottom profile, to easier withstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced pressure of contained liquid[6-
8].

Design of storage tank

The type of storage tank used here is circular. The peak flow of sewage is 191 KLD. The Volume of the
storage tank is calculated below,
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Volume = capacity/cubic metre
= 191X103 /103
= 190cu.m
The volume of the rectangular storage tank is 190 m 3 /days .
Since volume of the tank is large the tanks are divided into 3 tanks.
Volume = 190 = 190/3
=63.33 Volume
= 64
Hence provide 3 tank having volume of 64
From IS 3370 part-4, the depth of the storage tank is to be 2m -4m.
Assume depth of the circular tank = 4m
In the circular storage tank the water is only stored for 12hrs.Therefore, the volume of the storage tank is
V = 64/12
= 5.33 m3 /12hrs
The diameter of the circular tank is calculated by circular volume formula
π/4xd2 x4 = 5.33
0.785x d2 x4=5.33
D2 =5.33/0.785x4 D
= 1.302m
=1.3m
Hence provide 3tank of circular storage tank with diameter 16.3m.

SCREENING
The first unit operation generally encountered in wastewater treatment plants is screening. A screen is a
device with openings, generally of uniform size, that is used to retain solids found in the influent
wastewater to the treatment plant. The principal role of screening is to remove course materials from the
flow stream that could:
1. Damage subsequent process equipment.
2. Reduce overall treatment process reliability & effectiveness,
3. Contaminate waste way There are two types of screening processes
1. Manually Operated
2. Automatically
1. Coarse screens (Bar Racks)
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2. Fine screens
3. Micro screens. Coarse Screens Micro Screening Fine Screens

DETRITUS TANK
A detritus tank (or square tank degritter) is a constantlevel, short-detention settling tank. These tanks
require a grit-washing step to remove organic material. One design option includes a grit auger and a
rake that removes and classifies grit from the grit sump [10-15].

Design Criteria
Detritus tanks are designed to keep horizontal velocity and turbulence at a minimum while maintaining a
detention time of 3 to 4minutes.Proper operation of a detritus tank depends on well-distributed flow into
the settling basin. Allowances are made for inlet and outlet turbulence as well as short circuiting by
applying a safety factor of 2.0 to the calculated overflow rate [17- 20].

DESIGNING
The velocity of sewage flow to the grit chamber is 0.2m/sec to 0.3m/sec.Now assuming the velocity of
flow is 0.2m/sec. In this tank the detention time is large when compared to grit chamber [21-24].
Detention time is 3 to 4 minutes. Assuming the detention time is 3 minutes. Since the average flow is 3
times the peak flow .Hence provide 3 detritus tank[13]. Average flow q = 0.138
The length of the detritus tank is calculated by
Length = velocity Detention time
= 0.2x3x60 L
= 36m Cross sectional area required
= discharge/velocity
= 0.138/0.2 A
= 0.70m2
The overall depth of the detritus tank varies from 2.5m to 3.5m
Assuming the depth of the tank is 3m Width, B = area/depth
= 0.70/3
= 0.233m
Say B = 0.25m
Hence use 3 detritus tank of size 36m 0.25m 3m.one is kept in reserve.
At the top a free board of 0.3m may be provided and the bottom a dead space depth of 0.45m for
collection of detritus may be provided.
Therefore the overall depth of the tank = 3+0.3+0.45=3.75m

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Tank will be 0.3m wide up to 3.3m depth and the sides will slope down to form an elongated trough of
36m length and 0.15m width at the bottom with rounded corners.

Primary Treatment
Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids
can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating
materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment
[25-28].

Sedimentation Tank
A sedimentation tank allows suspended particles to settle out of water or wastewater as it flows slowly
through the tank, thereby providing some degree of purification. A layer of accumulated solids, called
sludge, forms at the bottom of the tank and is periodically removed.

Types
There are two basic types of sedimentation tank designs: the rectangular and circular designs. The
rectangular tank is designed with an effluent inlet at one end of the tank and an outlet pipe for liquids
that have passed through the sedimentation process at the other end of the tank. The rectangular tank
relies on the large solid particles settling as they pass slowly through the tank. By the time the liquid
reaches the outlet pipe the larger particles have settled to the bottom of the tank. Circular tanks are
designed differently, with an inlet pipe at the bottom of the tank positioned close to a sludge removal
pipe. The removal pipes for cleaner liquids are located close to the surface of the tank[29- 30].

Design of Rectangular Sedimentation Tank

The quantity of sewage entering to the sedimentation tank is 0.348 /sec.
Detention period = 2 t0 4hrs (usually 2hours).
Flowing through velocity should not be more than 0.3m/min.
Capacity of the tank = sewage flow Detention period
= 0.370x2x60x60
= 2670cu.m
Since the capacity of the tank require is larger. Therefore the capacity is divided into 3 tanks.
Capacity of the tank = 2670/3
=890 cu.m
Length of the tank = velocity of flow Detention time
= 0.2x2x 60
= 24
L= 24/3=8m

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Cross sectional area = Capacity /Length
= 833.33/24
A = 37.08
The depth of the sedimentation tank ranges between 2.4m to 3.6m.Assuming the depth of the tank is 3m.
Width = area/depth
= 34.72/3
= 12.57m
Freeboard =0.5m.Overall depth of the tank is 3.5m.
Hence provide 3 rectangular sedimentation tank of size 24m x12.57mx3.5m.
Three tanks are kept in working condition and one is for reserve. 5.4 Secondary Treatment The objective
of secondary treatment is the further treatment of the effluent from primary treatment to remove the
residual organics and suspended solids. In most cases, secondary treatment follows primary
treatment[14].

Introduction Of Sludge
In the context of waste water treatment residual is used to refer “sludge”. The term sludge refers to the
solids that are settled and separated during wastewater treatment. It is necessary to treat properly or
dispose the sludge generated during the various stages of wastewater treatment like primary
sedimentation, secondary sedimentation and sludge generated from advanced (tertiary) treatment, if any.
The quantity of sludge generated depends upon the degree of treatment or quality of treated effluent
required i.e., higher the degree of wastewater treatment, the larger the quantity of sludge to be treated
and handled. Because of strict rules and regulations involving the handling and disposal of sludge, it has
become necessary to reduce the volume of sludge in order to reduce the operating costs (approximately
50% of the plant cost) of treatment plants [15]. Hence a properly designed and efficiently operated
sludge processing and disposal system is essential to the overall success of the wastewater treatment
plant. The sludge generated during the wastewater treatment can be classified into three categories:
Primary Sludge: Sludge settled in primary settling tanks comes under this category which contains 3% to
7% solids out of which approximately 60% to 80% are organic. Primary sludge solids are usually gray in
colour, slimy, fairly coarse, and with highly obnoxious odours. This sludge is difficult to dewater
without treatment, hence digestion is necessary. This type of sludge can be digested readily by aerobic
or anaerobic bacteria under favourable operating conditions. Secondary Sludge: This type of sludge
from secondary settling tanks has commonly a brownish, flocculent appearance and an earthy odour. It
consists mainly of microorganism containing 75% to 90% organic fraction and remaining inert
materials. The organic matter may be assumed to have a specific gravity of 1.01 to 1.05, depending on
its source, whereas the inorganic particles have high a specific gravity of about 2.5[16-18].

Sludge Digestion
Any sludge is treated using a variety of digestion techniques, the purpose of which is to reduce the
amount of organic matter and the number of diseasecausing microorganisms present in the solids. The
most common treatment options include anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and composting.

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Design of sedimentation tank
Data:
Capacity = 10x103 litres
Size of tank = 8x12.57x35
Free board = 0.

CONCLUSION
Therefore the project that we took in VEDVYASPURI ABOUT THE SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANT, MEERUT relating the design and analysis has been successfully carried out and completed
with the requiring details and informations that is related and hence the process, nature, requirements,
sample and tests which has been in accordance to the project has been conducted by our team and under.

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