PBM5144/PAM5143- Formation Evaluation

Class Discussion & Tutorial Activity

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 Log Presentation-Log Header information:

1. Logging company name and log name.

2. Well identification, including the operating company, well name and number, and field, county, and state where the well is
located.
3. Well identification typed or printed perpendicular to the heading's main orientation for filing purposes.
4. Exact well location according to the system used in the state. The most common designation uses the section/township/range
system.
5. Other logs and services run in the well (for completeness and quick reference).
6. A permanent depth datum and its elevation. The permanent datum is selected so that rig removal does not result in a loss of
depth reference. The API recommends that the top surface of the surface casing's upper flange, called the bradenhead flange
(BHF), be used as the permanent reference plane. Some operators use ground level (GL) or mean water level (MWL) as the
permanent datum.
7. The datum from which the log depth is measured and its elevation above the permanent datum. The API recommends that all
logs be measured from the rotary kelly bushing (KB).
8. The datum from which the driller's measurements are made. The kelly bushing is also recommended for these measurements.
9. The exact elevation from sea level of the ground level, derrick floor (DF), and kelly bushing. These elevations are helpful in
constructing subsurface structural maps and cross sections.
10. The run number. Each time the logging tool is run in a well, the run is assigned a number. The run date and other measurement
environment data pertaining to the run are listed. Space is provided for four runs. The lower portion of the heading is
duplicated to record additional runs.
11. The depth of the bottom of the hole at the time of logging according to driller's and logger's measurements, respectively. The
driller's and logger's measurements of depth usually differ by a few feet, mainly because they use different means of 2
determining depth. The driller uses the length of the rigid drillstring, while the logger relies on the length of the flexible logging
cable.
12. The depth of the top and bottom of the interval logged.
13. The casing size and the depth according to driller's and logger's measurements. The section of the well above the logged
open hole is cased.
14. The bit size used to drill the borehole being logged.
15. The type of drilling mud in the hole at the time of logging. Also listed is the mud density in pounds per gallon, mud viscosity
in Marsh funnel seconds, pH, and fluid loss in cubic centimeters per 30 minutes.
16. The source of the mud sample used to determine the properties listed in Item 15. The API recommends that a circulated mud
sample be used. This sample is collected from the circulated flow stream immediately before circulation is stopped and the
drill string is retrieved to prepare for logging. The API also recommends that samples collected from mud tanks (pits) not be
used because they may be non-representative.
17. Measured mud, mud filtrate, and mudcake resistivities at corresponding temperatures. The resistivity values are given in ohm-
meters and the measurement temperature in dgrees Fahrenheit.
18. Mud filtrate and mudcake resistivities either measured or calculated at bottomhole temperature. Sources of Rmf and Rmc
values have to be indicated. "M" is usually used to show that the value is measured on a sample; "C" is usually used to show
that the value is calculated or determined from a chart.
19. The value of mud resistivity at BHT, usually estimated with a chart.
20. Time (in hours) elapsed between the end of mud circulation before logging and when the logging tool reached bottom.
21. The temperature indicated by the maximum -recording thermometer used during the run.
22. The logging truck or equipment number and the truck's base of operation.
23. The names of the logging company and operating company representatives. The logging company representative is in charge
of the logging operations. The operating company representative witnesses the logging operation to ensure that the logging
program is executed according to company plan and that log quality meets company standards.
24. Logging company name and log name.
25. Well identification, including the operating company, well name and number, and field, county, and state where the well is located.
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 26. Well identification typed or printed perpendicular to the heading's main orientation for filing purposes.
27. Exact well location according to the system used in the state. The most common designation uses the section/township/range system.
28. Other logs and services run in the well (for completeness and quick reference).
29. A permanent depth datum and its elevation. The permanent datum is selected so that rig removal does not result in a loss of depth
reference. The API recommends that the top surface of the surface casing's upper flange, called the bradenhead flange (BHF), be used
as the permanent reference plane. Some operators use ground level (GL) or mean water level (MWL) as the permanent datum.
30. The datum from which the log depth is measured and its elevation above the permanent datum. The API recommends that all logs be
measured from the rotary kelly bushing (KB).
31. The datum from which the driller's measurements are made. The kelly bushing is also recommended for these measurements.
32. The exact elevation from sea level of the ground level, derrick floor (DF), and kelly bushing. These elevations are helpful in
constructing subsurface structural maps and cross sections.
33. The run number. Each time the logging tool is run in a well, the run is assigned a number. The run date and other measurement
environment data pertaining to the run are listed. Space is provided for four runs. The lower portion of the heading is duplicated to
record additional runs.
34. The depth of the bottom of the hole at the time of logging according to driller's and logger's measurements, respectively. The driller's
and logger's measurements of depth usually differ by a few feet, mainly because they use different means of 2 determining depth. The
driller uses the length of the rigid drillstring, while the logger relies on the length of the flexible logging cable.
35. The depth of the top and bottom of the interval logged.
36. The casing size and the depth according to driller's and logger's measurements. The section of the well above the logged open hole
is cased.
37. The bit size used to drill the borehole being logged.
38. The type of drilling mud in the hole at the time of logging. Also listed is the mud density in pounds per gallon, mud viscosity in Marsh
funnel seconds, pH, and fluid loss in cubic centimeters per 30 minutes.
39. The source of the mud sample used to determine the properties listed in Item 15. The API recommends that a circulated mud sample
be used. This sample is collected from the circulated flow stream immediately before circulation is stopped and the drillstring is
retrieved to prepare for logging. The API also recommends that samples collected from mud tanks (pits) not be used because they
may be non-representative.
40. Measured mud, mud filtrate, and mudcake resistivities at corresponding temperatures. The resistivity values are given in ohm-meters
and the measurement temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
41. Mud filtrate and mudcake resistivities either measured or calculated at bottomhole temperature. Sources of Rmf and Rmc values have
to be indicated. "M" is usually used to show that the value is measured on a sample; "C" is usually used to show that the value is
calculated or determined from a chart.
42. The value of mud resistivity at BHT, usually estimated with a chart.
43. Time (in hours) elapsed between the end of mud circulation before logging and when the logging tool reached bottom.
44. The temperature indicated by the maximum -recording thermometer used during the run.
45. The logging truck or equipment number and the truck's base of operation.
46. The names of the logging company and operating company representatives. The logging company representative is in charge of the
logging operations. The operating company representative witnesses the logging operation to ensure that the logging program is
executed according to company plan and that log quality meets company standards.

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 Vertical Well Log Scales and Application in Petrophysics

100 feet of Wellbore Vertical Vertical Length

Scale
in Borehole on Main Application & Use
Name
log Track
Correlation For large cross-sections (miles) and long
1 inch
Scale formation depths (1000’s of feet)
Length

Correlation To correlate with one or two nearby

2 inch
Scale offset wells

To see features in more detail than the

5 inch Detail Scale
correlation scales
Super Detail
10 inch For Micrologs
Scale
Ultra Detail
25 inch For fracture identification logs
Scale

Log
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