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    Tutorial 2 - Mole Concept Semester 2 2017-8 Solution

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    Myeisha Williams
    general chemistry

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    Tutorial 2 - Mole Concept Semester 2 2017-8 Solution

    Uploaded by

    Myeisha Williams
    83 views4 pages
    general chemistry

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    Tutorial 2- Mole Concept Semester 2 2017-8 Solution

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    83 views4 pages

    Tutorial 2 - Mole Concept Semester 2 2017-8 Solution

    Uploaded by

    Myeisha Williams
    general chemistry

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    UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

    DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY

    GROUPS: DN-1, MT-1, EH-1, AS-1, BENG-1, OHS


    MODULE: GENERAL CHEMISTRY (CHY2021)
    Unit 4: Chemical Formulae, equations and Stoichiometry DATE: Jan 2018

    1. The molecular formula of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), one of the most common pain relievers, is
    HC9H7O4.
    (i) How many moles of HC9H7O4 are in a 500 mg tablet of aspirin?
    (ii) How many molecules of HC9H7O4 are in this tablet?
    Solution:
    msubs tan ce
    n=
    M rel (where n = no. of moles of substance, msubstance = mass of the substance (in g,
    and Mrel = relative molecular or atomic mass of the substance in g mol–1)
    First convert the mg  g and calculate Mrel for the aspirin (= 180.2 g mol–1).
    (i) n = (500× 10–3 g)/(180.2 g mol–1)= 2.77 × 10–3 mol
    (ii) # of “particles” = n × NA (where NA = 6.023 × 1023 “particles” mol–1, where “particles”
    is a generic term for the species at hand.)
    # of molecules = 2.77 × 10–3 mol × 6.023× 1023 molecules mol–1 = 1.67× 1021 molecules

    2. A sample of aspirin, C9H8O4, contains 3.08 × 1021 atoms of hydrogen.


    (i) How many atoms of carbon does it contain?
    (ii) How many molecules of aspirin does it contain?
    (iii) How many moles of aspirin does it contain?
    (iv) What is the mass of the sample in gram?
    Solution
    From the molecular formula, there is 8 H atom molecule–1 and 9 C atoms molecule–1
    3. 08×1021 H atoms
    −1
    ×9 C atoms molecule−1 =3 . 47×10 21 C atoms
    (i) 8 H atoms molecule
    (ii) Again using the ratio provided by the molecular formula:
    3. 08×1021 H atoms
    8 H atoms molecule−1 = 3.85×1020 molecules
    (students could also use number of C atoms to do the calculation)
    (iii) # of molecules = n × NA transpose and solve
    n = 3.85×1020 molecules/6.023× 1023 molecules mol–1
    = 6.39 ×10-4 mol
    (iv) Mass = n × Mrel = 6.39 ×10-4 mol × 180.2 g mol–1 = 0.115 g

    3. The koala dines exclusively on eucalyptus leaves. Its digestive system detoxifies the eucalyptus
    oil, a poison to other animals. The chief constituent in eucalyptus oil is a substance called
    eucalyptus, which contains 77.87% C, 11.70% H, and the remainder O.
    (i) What is the empirical formula for this substance?
    (ii) The molecular mass of eucalyptus is 154 g mol–1. What is the molecular formula of
    the substance?
    Solution:
    (i) Treat the % as mass in 100 g, and hence convert the % to mass. Use that to
    calculate the number of moles of each element, and hence the mole ratio.
    C H O
    % 77.87 11.70 100–
    (77.87+11.70)
    mass (in 100 g) 77.87 11.70 10.43
    n 77.87 g/12.01 g mol-1 11.70 g/1.008 g 10.43 g/16.00 g
    = 6.484 mol mol = 11.61 mol mol-1 = 0.6519
    -1

    mol
    Mole ratio 9.95 ≈ 10 17.81 ≈ 18 1
    E.F. = C10H18O

    (ii) Mass based on E.F. = 154 g mol–1. Thus the E.F. = M. F.

    4. A compound is known to contain carbon and hydrogen. It might even contain oxygen. A 0.2500
    g sample of the compound is burned to produce 0.2193 g H2O and 0.4780 g CO2.
    (a)What is the formula of this compound?
    (b)Calculate the percentage by mass of each element in the compound
    (c)Write a balanced equation to show the complete combustion of this compound
    Solution:
    (i) Determine the mass of each element based on the combustion data provided:
    Mass of C = 0.4780 g CO2 × (12.011 gmol-1 C/44.010 gmol-1 CO2) = 0.1305 g C
    % C in CO2

    Mass of H = 0.2193 g H2O × (2× 1.008 gmol-1 H/18.016 gmol-1 H2O) = 0.02454 g H
    % H in H2O

    Mass of O = 0.2500 g – (0.1305 + 0.02454)g = 0.09496 g

    C H O
    mass / g 0.1305 0.02454 0.09496
    n 0.1305g/12.011 g mol-1 = 0.02454 g/1.008 g mol-1 = 0.09496 g/16.00 g mol-1
    0.01087 mol 0.02435 mol = 0.005935 mol

    Mole ratio 1.8 ≈ 2 4.1 ≈ 4 1


    E.F. C2H4O

    2C
    %C= ×100 %
    C2 H4 O
    2×12. 01
    %C= ×100 %=54. 5%
    (b) (2×12 .01 )+(4×1 . 008)+(16. 00 )
    4H
    %H= ×100 %
    C2 H 4 O
    4×1 .008
    %H= ×100 %=9.2 %
    (2×12 . 01)+( 4×1. 008 )+(16 .00 )
    O
    %O= ×100 %
    C2 H4 O
    16 . 00
    %O= ×100 %=36. 3%
    (2×12 .01 )+( 4×1 .008)+(16 .00 )

    OR simply 100%–(54.5+9.2)% = 36.3% O

    (c) C2H4O + 2 ½ O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O

    5. The fizz produced when an Alka-Seltzer® tablet is dissolved in water is due to the reaction
    between sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and citric acid (H3C6H5O7):

    3NaHCO3(aq) + H3C6H5O7 (aq) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) + Na3C6H5O7(aq)

    In a certain experiment 1.00 g of sodium bicarbonate and 1.00 g of citric are allowed to react.
    (a) Which is the limiting reactant?
    (b) How many grams of carbon dioxide form?
    (c) How many grams of the excess reactant remain after the limiting reactant is completely
    consumed?
    Solution
    There are varying ways of achieving this solution. A simple method:
    In deducing the limiting reagent the relative quantities are referenced to the balance equation.
    Any of the substances can be used as a reference once the mole ratio is maintained. Thus we
    need to determine the number of moles of each reactant.
    nNaHCO3 = 1.00g / 84.0g mol–1 = 0.0119 mol
    nH3C6H5O7 = 1.00g / 192.1 g mol–1 = 0.00521 mol
    For example, using NaHCO3 as reference:
    0.0119 mol of NaHCO3 requires (1/3 × 0.0119 mol) = 0.00397 mol of H3C6H5O7 (Since 3
    NaHCO3: 1 H3C6H5O7)
    Since the amount of H3C6H5O7 present (0.00521 mol) is greater than the amount required,
    H3C6H5O7 in not the limiting reagent, thus NaHCO3 is the limiting reagent.
    Alternatively, if the student used H3C6H5O7 as reference:
    0.00521 mol of H3C6H5O7 requires (3 × 0.00521 mol) = 0.0156 mol of NaHCO3 (Since 3
    NaHCO3: 1 H3C6H5O7)
    Since the amount of NaHCO3 present (0.0119 mol) is less than the amount required, NaHCO3 is
    the limiting reagent.

    (b) From the mole ratio; 1NaHCO3 :1CO2


    Thus nCO2 = nNaHCO3 = 0.0119 mol
    Mass of CO2 = 0.0119 mol × 44.0 g mol–1 = 0.524 g
    (c) From the pat (a) we have already calculated the number of moles of H3C6H5O7 required for
    the number of moles of NaHCO3 available. Hence the number of moles of H3C6H5O7 in
    excess = initial nH3C6H5O7 – consumed nH3C6H5O7
    nexcess = (0.00521 – 0.00397)mol = 0.00124 mol

    6. What is the molarity of potassium hydroxide solution if 38.65 ml of the KOH solution is required
    to titrate 25.84 ml of 0.1982 M of hydrochloric acid solution?
    Solution:
    Another important equation for the lab course is to know how molarity (molar concentration) is
    defined:
    n
    [ X ]=
    Vwhere [X] = concentration of the substance, n = number of mole of substance, V =
    volume in L (or dm3). Like the calculations involving moles, once 2 components of the equation
    are known, the third is easily calculated.
    Students should also note that cm3 ≡ mL hence molarity can be written as mol dm–3, mol L–1 or
    simply M.

    First we need a balanced equation:


    KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + KCl (aq)
    Using the information provided from the concentration and volume of HCl:
    nHCl = 0.1982 mol L–1 × (25.84 ×10–3 L) = 5.121 × 10–3 mol
    From the mole ratio (stoichiometry) 1 HCl : 1 KOH
    Thus nHCl = nKOH = 5.121 × 10–3 mol
    [KOH] = (5.121× 10–3 mol)/(38.65 × 10–3 L)
    = 0.1325 mol L–1

    7. In an experiment, a student titrated 0.1060 g of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) dissolved in water


    with a standard 0.09115 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution from a burette.
    (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the titration reaction.
    (b) What volume of the HCl solution is required to reach the end point?

    8. How many grams of sodium dichromate, Na2Cr2O7, should be added to a 100.0 mL volumetric
    flask to prepare a 0.0250 mol L-1 Na2Cr2O7 when the flask is filled to the mark?

    9. Stock ammonia is 29.0 w/w and has a density of 0.90 g/ml. What is the molarity of this stock
    solution?

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