Introduction to Philippine Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management

System (PDRRMS)

ROY ENCLONAR CALINGACION BSIED, EMT, USAR, ICS-CADRE, MGM

 Objectives
Upon completion of the session, the participants will be
able to:
1. Explain the Philippine Disaster Risk Profile;
2. Understand the Paradigm Shift in the Philippine
DRRM System;
3. E x p l a i n B a s i c D i s a s t e r C o n c e p t s t h a t a r e
Fundamentals in the DRRM Profession;
4. Describe the Four DRRM Thematic Areas; and
5. Explain the DRRM challenges
 Scope of Presentation
I. The Philippine Disaster Risk Profile
II. Paradigm Shift in the Philippine DRRM System
III. Basic Disaster Concepts
IV.Four DRRM Thematic Areas
V. DRRM Challenges
I. THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER
RISK PROFILE

Photo credit: wikipedia.org

Pacific Ring of Fire
• One major reason why we have
disasters in the Philippines is
because of our geographic
l o cat i o n a l o n g t h e h i g h l y -
seismic Pacific Ring of Fire.
• It is where the Philippine Sea and Eurasian Tectonic Plates
meet and is prone to occurrences of earthquakes, tsunamis
and volcanic eruptions.
• Because of this geographic location, our country has around
300 volcanoes in which 24 are active. Photo credit: wikipedia.org
 Distribution of Active Faults and
Active Faults Trenches in the Philippines

and Trenches

• If we will look at the

distribution of active faults
and trenches in the
Philippines, these are
found in several areas of
the country.
 Seismicity of the Philippines
Seismicity
• If we will examine the seismicity or
the frequency of occurrence of
earthquakes, almost all parts of the
country experience earthquakes.

• Generally, we encounter an average

of 20 earthquakes a day, per latest
figures from the Philippine Institute
of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS).
Pacific Typhoon Belt

Photo credit: Google Images

Pacific Typhoon Belt Tracks of Tropical Cyclones in
the Western North Pacific
• The Philippines is also located along Period from 1948 to 2010.
the Pacific Typhoon Belt.
• This explains the occurrences of
different weather disturbances such
as typhoons.

• Our country is visited by an average

of 20 typhoons per year, according
to the Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAGASA). Reference: Japan Meteorological Agency (n.d.) as cited by
Godillano (2014)
 • Is largely characterized by
Climate Change increasing global
temperatures which
contend with its
irreversible impacts.

• Too many greenhouse

gases, referred to as
Greenhouse Effect, are
trapped in the atmosphere
that trap the heat and
make the planet warmer.
 Natural Hazards that brought Major Disasters
• 2009 Tropical Storm Ondoy
• 464 Dead
• 37 Missing
• 529 Injured
• 4.9 M Affected
• PhP 11B Damages
Photo credit: Roy Enclonar Calingacion

• 2013 Typhoon Yolanda

• 6 300 Dead
• 1 062 Missing
• 28 688 Injured
• 16 M Affected
• PhP 89.6B Damages Photo credit: Roy Enclonar Calingacion
 Natural Hazards that brought Major Disasters
• 2018 Typhoon Ompong
• 82 Dead
• 2 Missing
• 138 Injured
• 3 M Affected
• PhP 33.9B Damages
Photo credit: Google Images

• 2020 Typhoons Ulysses-Quinta-Rolly-

• Combined effects:
• 153 dead
• 20 missing
• 524 injured

Photo credit: Google Images

 Natural Hazards that brought Major Disasters
• 2013 Bohol Earthquake
• 209 Dead
• 8 Missing
• 877 Injured
• 3.2 M Affected
• PhP 2.25B Damages Photo credit: Roy Enclonar Calingacion

• 2019 Major Earthquakes

• Porac, Pampanga (M 6.1) • San Julian, E. Samar (M 6.5)
• Itbayat, Batanes (M 5.9) • Tulunan, Cotabato (M 6.6)
• Castillejos, Zambales (M 5.9) • Davao Del Sur (M 6.9)
 Natural Hazards that brought Major Disasters
• 2018 Mayon Volcano Eruption
• Around 90 000 Affected
• PhP 166 M Damages

• 2020 Taal Volcano Eruption

• Around 737,000 Affected
• PhP 3B Damages

Photo credit: Google Images

 Human-induced Hazards that brought Major
Disasters

• 2008, Wowowee Stampede

• 73 Dead
• 392 Injured Photo credit: Google Images

Photo credit: Google Images

• 2010, Quirino Grandstand

Hostage Taking

• 8 Dead
• 13 Injured Photo credit: Google Images
 Human-induced Hazards that brought
Major Disasters
• 2013, Zamboanga Crisis

• 7 Dead • 2017, Marawi Crisis

• 119 000 Displaced
• PhP 3.2B Damages • 87 Dead
Photo credit: Google Images

• 2015, Kentex Factory Fire • 350 000 Displaced

• PhP 17B Damages
• 74 Dead

Photo credit: Roy Enclonar Calingacion

Photo credit: Google Images
Cost of Disasters
• It was estimated by the Philippine Institute
for Development Studies (PIDS) that the
estimated cost of disasters per year in the
Philippine economy based on 1905 to
2017data is around 85 to 422 billion pesos.
World Risk Index Report 2020
• In 2020, the Philippines
ranked as the 9th country at
risk to disasters globally,
according to the World Risk
Report.

• Rank in the previous years:

• 3rd in 2011 to 2013
• 2nd in 2014
• 3rd in 2015 to 2018
• 9th in 2019
 II. Paradigm Shift in the
Philippine DRRM System
What is the RA 10121?
• Republic Act (RA) No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster
Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) Act of 2010

• “Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction

and Management System, providing for the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework
and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating
Funds therefor and for other purposes.”
• RA 10121 is a new law which transforms the Philippine
Disaster Management System from Disaster Relief and
Response toward Disaster Risk Reduction.

• It was approved on May 27, 2010.

• It repealed Presidential Decree No. 1566 which was

enacted way back in 1978

• RA 10121 is the legal basis for DRRM in the Philippines.

Why do we need a new law?
• Under the old law, (P. D. 1566) Disaster Management
centred only around the hazard and the impact of a
disaster.
Most of the plans were on the provisions of relief
goods and infrastructures like dikes and flood control
systems.
The government’s response to disaster was
focused to disaster response.
While Under the New Law (DRRM Act of 2010
or R.A. 10121)
v We now recognize that impacts of disaster can be
reduced by addressing the root cause of disaster
risks.

v This put more emphasis on strengthening

people’s capacity to absorb stress, maintain
basic functions during a disaster and bounce
back better from disaster.
What is NDRRMC?

National Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Council (NDRRMC)

• Section 5 of RA 10121 constituted and mandated the

NDRRMC as the highest organized and
authorized body in DRRM in the Philippines. The
NDRRMC replaced the former National Disaster
Coordinating Council (NDCC).
 NDCC
vs
NDRRMC
What is OCD’s Mission and Function?

Office of Civil Defense (OCD)

• The OCD is mandated to serve as

the Executive Arm and Secretariat
of the NDRRMC as define in
Section 8 of RA 10121.
Primary mission of OCD:

• To administer a comprehensive national civil

defense and disaster risk reduction and
management program by providing leadership in
the continuous development of strategic and
systematic approaches as well as measures to
reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and
manage the consequences of disasters
OCD General Functions

• Policy-Making: The OCD shall facilitate development

and implementation of policies, plans, guidelines and
procedures related to DRRM, in coordination with
relevant experts and stakeholders.

• Coordination: The OCD shall advise the NDRRMC on

matters relating to DRRM and orchestrate the
implementation of programs, projects and activities.
• Integration: The OCD shall facilitate risk assessment
in consultation with key stakeholders and create an
enabling DRRM environment by capacitating
individuals and organizations.

• Supervision: The OCD shall provide technical

assistance to local government units (LGUs) and other
stakeholders, and ensure adherence to the national
DRRM standards and programs.

• Monitoring and Evaluation: The OCD shall conduct

monitoring and evaluation as part of the implementation
of national DRRM standards.
• The government agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs may
mobilize individuals or organized volunteers to augment their
respective personnel complement and logistical requirements in
the delivery of disaster risk reduction programs and activities.

• The agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs concerned shall

take full responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and
protection of volunteers, and shall submit the list of volunteers to
the OCD, through the LDRRMOs, for accreditation and inclusion
in the database of community disaster volunteers.
 RA Sec. 13
IRR Rule 9 – Accreditation….
Section 1. Accreditation

• A national roster of Accredited Community Disaster

Volunteers (ACDVs), National Service Reserve Corps
(NSRC) under RA 9163 or the National Service
Training Program Act of 2001, CSOs and the private
sector shall be maintained by the OCD through the
LDRRMOs.
• The DepED, CHED, TESDA in coordination with OCD, NYC,
DOST, DENR, DILG-BFP, DOH, DSWD and other relevant
agencies, shall integrate DRRM education in the school
curricula of secondary and tertiary level of education,
including NSTP, whether private or public, including formal
and non-formal, technical-vocational, indigenous learning,
and out-of-school youth courses and programs.
• The NDRRMC, RDRRMCs, LDRRMCs, LDRRMOs,
BDRRMCs and the SK councils shall encourage community,
specifically the youth, participation in DRRM activities.
What is DRRMC Network?
DRRMC Network

• To bring down DRRM to the grassroots, RA 10121 further

provides for the establishment of the “DRRMC Network” or
the replication of the NDRRMC from the national down to the
regional, provincial, city, municipal and barangay levels.

• Thus, the formation of additional committee was realized such

as the Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Committees or BDRRMCs to ensure the high capacity of
every Filipino.
National Level: 1 National DRRM Council
Regional Level: 17 Regional DRRM Councils
Provincial Level: 81 Provincial DRRM Councils
City Level: 146 City DRRM Councils
Municipal Level: 1,488 Municipal DRRM Councils
Barangay Level:

42,406 Barangay
DRRM Committees
How the coordination works during emergencies?
National DRRMC will respond if 2 or more
regions are affected.
Regional DRRMC will respond if 2 or more
provinces are affected.
Provincial DRRMC will respond if 2 or more
cities or municipalities are affected.
City/Municipal DRRMC will respond if 2 or
more barangays are affected.
Barangay DRRMC will respond if 1
barangay is affected
Local DRRM Office:
• RA 10121 further requires that for every province, city,
municipality and barangay, there shall be the Local
DRRM Office.
• The Local DRRM Office is in charge of setting the
direction, development, implementation and coordination
of DRRM programs in their areas.

• Important Note from Section 15, RA 10121

• LGUs shall take the LEAD.
• NDRRMC shall always act as SUPPORT to LGUs.
• The National Council shall recommend to the President of
the Philippines the declaration of a cluster barangays,
municipalities, cities, provinces, and regions under the state
of calamity and the lifting thereof, based on the criteria set by
the National Council. The President’s declaration may
warrant international humanitarian assistance as deemed
necessary.

• The declaration and lifting of the state of calamity may also

be issued by the local sanggunian, upon the
recommendation of the LDRRMC, based on the results of the
damage assessment and needs analysis.
• The declaration of state of calamity shall
make mandatory the immediate
undertaking following the remedial
measures by the member-agencies
concerned as defined in this Act.
RA Section 17
IRR Rule 13 Remedial Measures

(a) Imposition of price ceiling on basic necessities and prime commodities by

the President upon the recommendation of the implementing agency as
provided for under Republic Act No. 7581, otherwise know as the “Price Act”,
or the National Price Coordinating Council;
(b) Monitoring, prevention and control by the Local Price Coordination
Council of overpricing/profiteering and hoarding of prime commodities,
medicines and petroleum products;
(c) Programming/reprogramming of funds for the repair and safety upgrading
of public infrastructures and facilities; and
(d) Granting of no-interest loans by government financing or lending
institutions to the most affected section of the population through their
cooperatives or people’s organizations.
• Importation and donation of food, clothing, medicine and
equipment for relief and recovery and other disaster
management and recovery-related supplies is hereby
authorized in accordance with Section 105 of the Tariff and
Customs Code of the Philippines, as amended, and the
prevailing provision of the General Appropriations Act
covering national internal revenue taxes and import duties of
national and local government agencies; and

• Importations and donations under this section shall be

considered as importation by and/or donation to the NDRRMC,
subject to the approval of the Office of the President.
Section 19. Prohibited Acts such as:
• Any person, group or corporation who commits
any of the following prohibited acts shall be held
liable and be subjected to the penalties as
prescribed in Section 20 of this Act.
• Dereliction of duties which leads to destruction, loss
of lives, critical damage of facilities and misuse of
funds;
• Preventing the entry/distribution of relief goods in
disaster-stricken areas, including appropriate
technology, tools, equipment, accessories and
disaster teams/experts ;
• Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief
agencies any relief goods, equipment or other aid
commodities intended for distribution to disaster
affected communities;
• Buying, for consumption or resale, from the recipient
disaster affected persons any relief goods, equipment
or other aid commodities received by them;
• Selling of relief goods, equipment or other aid
commodities intended for distribution to disaster
victims;
• Forcibly seizing of relief goods, equipment or other aid
commodities
• Diverting or misdelivery of relief goods, equipment or
other aid commodities;
• Accepting, possessing, using or disposing relief goods,
equipment or other aid commodities not intended for nor
consigned to him/her
• Illegal solicitations by persons/organizations
• Deliberate use of false or inflated data
• Tampering with or stealing hazard monitoring and
disaster preparedness equipment and paraphernalia
 Prohibited Acts such as:

o Misrepresenting the source of relief goods,

equipment or other aid commodities by:
− Either covering, replacing or defacing the labels of
containers
− Repacking of relief goods, equipment and other aid
− Making false verbal claim
− Substitution or replacing relief goods with same
items or inferior/cheaper quality.
 Section 20. Penal Clause

Any individual, corporation, partnership,

association, or other juridical entity that commits
any of the prohibited acts provided for in Section
19 of this Act shall be prosecuted and upon
conviction shall suffer a fine of not less than
PhP50,00.00 or any amount not to exceed
PhP500,000.00 or imprisonment of not less than 6
years and 1 day or not more than 12 years or
BOTH
 Section 21. Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Fund (LDRRMF)
The present Local Calamity Fund shall henceforth be known as the
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)
Not less than 5% of the estimated revenue from the regular
sources shall be set aside as the LDRRMF to support
disaster risk management activities such as, but not
limited to, pre-disaster preparedness programs including
training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment,
supplies and medicines, for post disaster activities, and
for the payment of premiums on calamity insurance and
construction of evacuation centers.
The LDRRMC shall monitor and evaluate the use and
disbursement of the LDRRMF based on the LDRRMP
as incorporated in the local development plans and
annual work and financial plan. Upon the
recommendation of the LDRRMO and approval of the
sanggunian concerned, the LDRRMC may transfer the
said fund to support disaster risk reduction work of other
LDRRMCs which are declared under the state of
calamity.
Of the amount appropriated for LDRRMF, thirty (30%) shall
be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by
fund for relief and recovery programs in order that situation
and living conditions of people in communities or areas
stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex
emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible.

Unexpended LDRRMF shall accrue to a special trust fund

solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk
reduction and management activities of the LDRRMCs
within the next five (5) years. Any such amount still not fully
utilized after five (5) years shall revert back to the general fund
and will be available for other social services to be identified by
the sanggunian.
Section 22. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
(NDRRMF)
The present Calamity Fund appropriated under the General Appropriations
Act shall henceforth be known as the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Fund (NDRRM Fund) and it shall be used for disaster risk
reduction or mitigation, prevention, and preparedness activities such as but
not limited to training of personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital
expenditures. It can also be utilized for relief, recovery, reconstruction and
other work or services in connection with natural or human induced calamities
which may occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the past
two (2) years from the budget year.
Of the amount appropriated for LDRRMF, thirty (30%) shall be allocated as
Quick Response Fund (QRF) or stand-by fund for relief and recovery
programs in order that situation and living conditions of people in
communities or areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or
complex emergencies, may be normalized as quickly as possible.
Section 23. Funding of the OCD
As lead agency to carry out the provision of this act, the OCD shall be
allocated a budget of One billion pesos (P1,000,000,000.00) revolving fund
starting from the effectivity of this Act.

Section 24. Annual Report

The National Council, through the OCD, shall submit to the Office of the
President ,the Senate, and the House of Representatives, within the first
quarter of the succeeding year, an annual report relating to the progress of
the implementation of the NDRRMP.

Section 25. Implementing Rules and Regulations

The NDRRMC, through its Chairperson, shall issue the necessary rules and
regulations for the effective implementation of this Act within ninety (90)
days after approval of this Act.
Section 26. Congressional Oversight Committee
There is hereby created a Congressional Oversight Committee to
monitor and oversee the implementation of the provisions of this
Act. The committee shall be composed of six(6) members from the
Senate and six (6) members from the House of Representatives.

Section 27. Sunset Review

Within five (5) years after the effectivity of this Act, or as the need
arises, the Congressional Oversight Committee shall conduct a
sunset review. For purposes of this Act, the term “sunset review”
shall mean a systematic evaluation by the Congressional Oversight
Committee of the accomplishments and impact of this act.
Section 28. Repealing Clause

Presidential Decree No. 1566 and all other laws, decrees,

executive orders, proclamations and other executive
issuances which are inconsistent with or contrary to the
provisions of this Act are hereby amended or repealed
accordingly.

Section 29. Separability Clause

If any provision of this Act shall be held unconstitutional

or invalid, the other provisions not otherwise affected
shall remain in full force and effect.
Basic Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management (DRRM)
Concept

ROY ENCLONAR CALINGACION BSIED, EMT, USAR, ICS-CADRE, MGM

What is DRRM?
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management:

• DRRM is the systematic process of using

administrative directives, organizations, and
operational skills and capacities to implement
strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in
order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards
and the possibility of disaster.
Basic Disaster
Concepts
What is Disaster?
Disaster
• is a serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread human,
material, economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own
resources, as defined in Section 3-h of Republic Act
10121.
• It entails the combination of exposure to hazard, the
vulnerable conditions that are present, and the lack of
capacity or resources for communities to reduce or
cope with the negative sequences of the situation.
What are the Basic Disaster
Concepts?
Hazard
• Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage,
l o ss o f l i vel i ho o d and ser vi ces, so ci al a n d
economic disruption, or environmental damage.

• Hazards may be natural, human-induced, or a

combination of both.
Natural Hazards: Human-induced Hazards:
• Typhoons • Fires
• Storm Surges • Accidents
• Earthquakes • Aircraft crash
• Tsunamis • Pollution
• Volcanic eruptions • Civil disturbance
• Landslides • Terrorist attacks
• Armed conflict
Vulnerability
• Refers to the characteristics and circumstances
of a community, system, or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

• It explains why people, livelihoods, and

properties located in areas where hazards
occur can suffer damage and loss.
 Example

Conflict in the
Attitude of helplessness Community Unsafe housing
dependence and design and
indifference construction
Lack of
Lack of knowledge and Education
skills on preparedness Lack of settlements
and protective planning and policy
measures Social Inequity
and Poverty
Exposure
• Refers to the degree in which a community is
likely to experience hazard events of different
magnitudes.

• It pertains to the physical location (e.g. on the

foot of a volcano, proximity to a body of water, low-
lying area), characteristics (type of soil, topography,
temperature), and population density (over
population, congestion) of a community that
“exposes” it to hazards.
Capacity
• Refers to the ability of the households and
communities to cope when hazards occur.

• It is the combination of all the strengths,

attributes and resources available within
a community, society or organization that
can be used to achieve agreed goals.
Examples of capacity are:

• Adequate food and income sources

• Permanent and safe housing
• Land ownership
• Family and community support
• Local knowledge and skills
• Responsive and sound policies
Disaster Risk
•Refers to the potential disaster losses
in lives, health status, livelihood, assets
and services, which could occur to a
particular community or society over
some specified future time period.
Is Hazard a Disaster?
 Hazard
Hazard Disaster
vs
Disaster

Source: 2008. Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual. DepEd pdf

• The falling rocks represent the hazard. Without any community

beneath the mountain side, then there is no disaster.

• But if there’s a community beneath the mountain side, and the

rocks fall and hit the community, there is a disaster.
Is there a Natural Disaster?
•T h ere is NO su ch th in g as “n atu r a l
disaster,” only Natural Hazard.

•Reducing disaster risk by addressing

vulnerabilities, minimizing exposures
and increasing capacities can be made by
humans. Therefore, there is no natural
disaster
Why do we need to give importance of Disaster?

•Remember!!!

“Hazards become
Disaster only if
Vulnerable people, resources are remain
Exposed to them and affected.”
We cannot totally eradicate disasters, but we
can reduce disaster risk
Disaster Risk Reduction Concept:
• High Disaster Risk
• Disaster occurs when there is a hazard reaches a vulnerable and
exposed population. If the community has low capacity, then there
is a high risk to disaster.

• Low Disaster Risk

• To reduce disaster risk, the community must increase its capacity
and address the underlying causes of vulnerability and exposure
Scanning the Environment R= H x V
C
1. What is the hazard?
2. What is the vulnerabilities?
3. What elements are at-risk?
4. What constitute capacities?
5. Which one is the most at risk?

A rday

B ocil
C agara
Elements at Risk to Disasters
• Disaster risk is particularly directed towards these
elements:
Communities, families and individuals
Facilities and properties like houses, roads,
bridges, schools and hospitals
Livelihoods and the economy
Nature and environment
• Let us make sure that these elements do not suffer
from disaster impacts.
Why is Risk Assessment important?
Disaster Risks Assessment serves as;
• The first step in reducing vulnerabilities of
communities
• It identifies hazards and exposed vulnerable
sectors in the community
• It guides communities to prioritize actions and
develop effective strategies for disaster
prevention, mitigation, preparedness and
response
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
•A systematic effort to analyze and
manage the causes of disaster by
reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing
capacities in order to lessen the
adverse impacts of hazards and
probability of disaster.
What are the Principles of
Disaster Risk Reduction?
Principles of Disaster Risk Reduction
1. Communities have accumulated knowledge in
addressing hazard events and navigating from
their adverse condition

2. Recognition that communities are survivors rather

than victims.

3. Community organizations are mechanism for

successful disaster risk reduction initiatives and
that the government is a major player
4. Recognition that communities have to take
responsibility for their most at risk members.

5. Recognition that it is the communities that

decide if they are in state of disaster: if they
could not cope and need outside help or they can
cope and have the capacity to face the challenge.

6. Resiliency is not merely accumulated physical

assets or secured livelihood. Resiliency is the
capacity to survive.
III. DRRM Thematic Areas
What is the DRRM Thematic Areas?
DRRM Thematic Areas
• RA 10121 provides for the institutionalization and
operationalization of DRRM through four (4) interoperable
and mutually reinforcing DRRM thematic areas.

• The four (4) DRRM thematic areas are Disaster Prevention

and Mitigation, Disaster Preparedness, Disaster Response,
and Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery.
 Four DRRM
Thematic Areas
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
•To avoid hazards, and to mitigate their potential
impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure,
and by enhancing capacities of communities
• Early warning systems
• Forecasting and monitoring
• Hazard and risk mappings
• Structural and non-structural interventions
•Headed by DOST as Vice-Chairperson
 Activities under Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
1. Activities to enhance capacities of communities
to reduce their own risks and cope with the
impacts of all hazards and
2. Mainstreaming of CCA/DRRM into the CDP/
CLUP, policies, ordinances, budget
3. DRR/CCA sensitive environmental measures
4. Institutionalization of DRRM Offices
5. Utilization of local DRRM fund for prevention
and mitigation activities
6. DRR/CCA assessment, mapping, analysis and
monitoring system, research building capacities
7. Partnership for information dissemination with
quad media outfits
8. Advocacy of risk financing
9. Vulnerability and risk assessment using
appropriate information technology
10. Establishment of end to end warning system
and tri-boundary information sharing
11. Development of accreditation for standardized
early warning system
Disaster Preparedness
• To establish and strengthen capacities of
communities to anticipate, cope, and recover
from the negative impacts of emergency
occurrences and disasters
• Planning
• Prepositioning and stockpiling
• Organizing responders
• Training, drills and exercises
• Headed by DILG as Vice-Chairperson
 Activities under Disaster Preparedness
1. Collaborated DRR/CCA activities to increase level
of awareness of communities at risk,
2. Equip community with necessary skills to cope
with hazard threats
3. Increase capacity of DRRMOs and DRRMCs

4. Mainstreaming of DRRM in the school curricula

5. Strengthen public private partnership and all
key players and stakeholders,

6. Enhance Early Warning and monitoring system,

7. Formulation of contingency planning

8. ICS Orientation to LGEs and Sanggunian
members and other Stakeholders
9. Organize Incident Management Teams
thru ICS Training
10. Training of government officials and emergency
responders
11. Knowledge enhancement of Local Technical
Working Group
12. Identification of safe evacuation centers
/facilities
13. Procurement or partnership for fabrication of
early warning devise
14. DRRM and Contingency Plans formulation
15. Accreditation of NGOs and volunteer groups

16. Inventory of resources of local DRRMC

17. Establishment of DRRM Office with 4 staff

18. Prepositioning of resources

Disaster Response
• To provide life preservation and meet the basic
subsistence needs of affected population based
on acceptable standards during, or immediately
after a disaster
• Damage assessment
• Evacuation
• Issuance of advisories
• Search, rescue and retrieval
• Relief distribution
• Management of evacuation centers
• Headed by DSWD as Vice-Chairperson
 Activities under Disaster Response

1. Stockpiling arrangements

2. SOP Chain of command & coordination

(activation ICS)

3. Activation of operations center

4. Information management
5. Emergency Communication facilities

6. Mobilization of rapid damage & needs

assessment teams

7. Arrangement for Logistics & transport facilities

8. Arrangements for Warehousing, stockpiling &

procurement

9. Responders activation and mobilization

10. Immediate restoration of vital facilities like
hospital, roads, communication and
location of helispots

11. End to End Early Warning System

12. List of schools for potential evacuation centers

13. Evacuation Plan for safe and timely evacuation

14. Evacuation Management System

15. Management of the dead, injured, missing and
the bereaved families
16. Provision for spaces for people’s livestock,
poultry and pets near the vicinity of
evacuation centers
17. Provision for learning areas for the kids and
women
18. Provision for livelihood oriented activities for
displaced families
19. Provision for medical consultation and
nutritional assessment
20. Activation and mobilization of Rapid disaster
needs assessment

21. Partnership with utility providers (early

/emergency road restoration, genset,
water, portalets)

22. Hospital and funeral parlor arrangements

/embalmment
Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery
•To restore and improve facilities and living
conditions and capacities of affected
communities, and to reduce risks in accordance
with the “building back better” principle
• Post-disaster needs assessment
• Review of policies and plans
• Resettlement
• Provision of new sources of livelihood
•Headed by NEDA as Vice-Chairperson
Activities under Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery

1. Mobilization Damages, Losses Assessment

and Needs Analysis Teams

2. Repair & rehabilitation of vital Infrastructures

and service facilities

3. Communications and Early Warning

4. Psychosocial rehabilitation
5. Psychosocial debriefing for emergency
responders
6. Post disaster/conflict needs analysis with
affected communities
7. Develop system support from communication
providers and other stakeholders
8. Build on capacities of psychosocial care
providers
9. Implement building codes of damage
infrastructure
10. Develop system of document tracking of
approved infrastructure projects and permits

11. Identification of needed assistance to

implement appropriate programs

12. Coordinate the formulation of recovery action

plan for disaster affected areas

13. Design and construct disaster resilient housing

units
14. Identify the provide suitable relocation sites
for affected population

15. Conduct trainings for social preparation of

the host communities and those who will
relocated to reduce conflict
National DRRM
Framework

• The updated framework has two primary features.

• The first feature shows the existing framework.
• The second feature depicts the transformation and recalibration of
the framework.
Centrality of Risk and All Hazards Approach
• It recognizes that risks are systemic in nature that
changes over time with the interplay of people’s level of
capacity and vulnerabilities amidst the changing
climate, including extreme and slow onset events and
manmade activities.

• The all hazards concept is referred to by Sendai framework

as the concept to strengthen technical and scientific capacity
to capitalize on and consolidate existing knowledge and to
develop and apply methodologies and models to assess
disaster risks, vulnerabilities and exposure to all hazards.
 Coherence and mutual reinforcement of
strategies among actors across thematic pillars
• The framework recognizes the need to establish credible
linkages to enhance coherence and harmonization across
goals, systems, plans, and policies to avoid duplication,
overlapping of efforts and wastage of resources.
• Thus, the thematic pillars are organized and clustered into
three (3) key result areas (KRAs):
• KRA 1: disaster risk reduction;
• KRA 2: preparedness and response; and,
• KRA 3: build back better.
IV. DRRM Challenges
“Buy-in” of Stakeholders
•We need the cooperation and buy-in of
our stakeholders. also need correct the
notion that DRRM is only a government
concern.

•Rather, DRRM requires the whole-of-

society approach.
DRRM as “Way of life”

•DRRM is relevant to be applied in all

aspects of our lives, not just during
emergency times.

•Therefore, DRRM should be considered

as our “way of life.”
Prioritization
•DRRM should be among the top priorities
of our officials and leaders, both for public
and private stakeholders.
Continuous innovation in the
“New Normal” situation
•We need to continuously innovate our
DRRM policies, plans and programs in view
of the “new normal” characterized by the
increasing in terms of scope, magnitude,
frequency, and complexities of disasters
 Objectives
Upon completion of the session, the participants will be
able to:
1. Explain the Philippine Disaster Risk Profile;
2. Understand the Paradigm Shift in the Philippine
DRRM System;
3. E x p l a i n B a s i c D i s a s t e r C o n c e p t s t h a t a r e
Fundamentals in the DRRM Profession;
4. Describe the Four DRRM Thematic Areas; and
5. Explain the DRRM challenges
 THANKS YOU PO!

ROY ENCLONAR CALINGACION BSIED, EMT, USAR, ICS-CADRE, MGM