Principles Governing Photometry 2nd Edition: Bureau International Des Poids Et Mesures

Rapport BIPM-2019/05
BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES
PRINCIPLES GOVERNING PHOTOMETRY

2nd Edition
2019
Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 SÈVRES Cedex, France
I
Principles Governing Photometry

2 nd Edition
–––––––––––
Foreword
The purpose of this document is to bring together the definitions and the tables of numerical
values for photometry already adopted (or recommended) and published, by the Conférence
Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM), by the Comité International des Poids et Mesures
(CIPM), or by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE). This document provides the
link between the definition of the candela in the International System of Units (SI) and the
internationally-agreed spectral luminous efficiency functions for human vision.
The original document, BIPM Monographie: Principles Governing Photometry (1983) was
th
approved at the 10 meeting (28-30 September 1982) of the Comité Consultatif de
Photométrie et Radiométrie (CCPR), the body established to advise the CIPM on these
questions.
nd
The purpose of this 2 edition is to update the document by adding the spectral luminous
efficiency functions recently published by the CIE, i.e., the spectral luminous efficiency
functions for mesopic vision and the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision
for a 10° field of view. The definitions of photometric units and quantities have also been
updated with the reformulated definition of the candela in the International System of Units
(SI) 2019 and the latest definitions of the photometric quantities by the CIE.
nd
The 2 edition was prepared by the joint technical committee JTC 2 (CIE-CCPR) consisting of
the following members:
Yoshi Ohno (National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA), Chair
Teresa Goodman (National Physical Laboratory (NPL), UK), Co-Chair
Peter Blattner (Swiss Federal Institute for Metrology (METAS), Switzerland)
Janos Schanda (University of Pannonia, Hungary)
Hiroshi Shitomi (National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Japan)
Armin Sperling (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany)
Joanne Zwinkels (National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Canada).
nd
The 2 edition was approved by the CCPR on April 14, 2019. A harmonized document,
rd
CIE 18:2019, The Basis of Physical Photometry, 3 Edition, containing identical technical
contents, has also been published by the CIE.
1
1 Introduction
Photometric procedures are used to measure light, i.e. measuring the universal and essential
attribute of all perceptions and sensations which are peculiar to the human visual system and
which are produced through the agency of that system. Thus, photometric quantities must take
into account both the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the visual
system and the spectral responsivity of the latter. The psychophysical nature of the second of
these two factors sets photometric quantities apart from purely physical quantities.
The purpose of this document is to describe and explain the usage of the photometric
quantities as well as their units, and to explain briefly the conventions relating them with the
purely physical quantity, radiant power, and its unit, the watt. These definitions and
conventions aim at enabling photometric measurements to be made by purely physical
methods, but to yield results that correlate adequately with visual experience. The
relationships between these photometric quantities and photobiological, photochemical, and
colorimetric quantities are also given. The practical realization of the units for these
photometric quantities is outside the scope of this document and is available in the mise en
pratique for the definition of the candela and associated derived units for photometric and
radiometric quantities (Zwinkels et al., 2016).
If electromagnetic radiation is of sufficient power and of wavelengths within the range 360 nm
to 830 nm (approximately), it stimulates the visual organ, i.e. the eye. The retinal receptor
elements involved may be principally the cones (photopic vision, eye adapted to higher levels
of luminance), the rods (scotopic vision, eye adapted to lower levels of luminance), or a
combination of the cones and rods (mesopic vision, intermediate between photopic and
scotopic vision).
nd
This 2 edition has been updated to include, in the definitions of photometric quantities and
units, the spectral luminous efficiency functions for mesopic vision based on CIE 191:2010
(CIE, 2010), as well as the 10° spectral luminous efficiency functions based on CIE 165:2005
(CIE, 2005), and to introduce the defining constant for photometry, denoted K cd , adopted in the
International System of Units (SI) 2019 (BIPM, 2019).
2 Photometric quantities
The photometric quantities generally used are:
• luminous flux,
• luminous intensity,
• luminance,
• illuminance.
These quantities are defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE, 2016a) and
their definitions adopted by the Consultative Committee for Photometry and Radiometry of the
International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM), are shown in this section.
To avoid confusion, photometric and radiometric quantities are distinguished symbolically from
each other by the subscript “v” or “e”, respectively. The same subscripts are applicable to
photometric quantities other than those listed above (e.g. luminous exposure). For photometric
quantities using spectral luminous efficiency functions other than that for 2° photopic vision,
V( λ ), the notations described in Clause 5 are used.
2
Luminous flux is the most fundamental quantity in photometry because it has the simplest
relationship with radiant power. The other three quantities are defined as follows in terms of
luminous flux and appropriate geometric factors. The defining relationships for scotopic and
mesopic photometric quantities are formed from the formulae in definitions 2.1 to 2.4 below by
replacing the quantity symbols by those defined in Clause 5.
2.1 luminous flux

Φv; Φ
change of luminous energy with time
dQ v
Φv =
dt
where Q v is the luminous energy emitted, transferred or received and t is time
Note 1 to entry: Luminous flux is a quantity derived from the radiant flux Φ e , by evaluating the
radiation according to its action upon the CIE standard photometric observer.
Luminous flux can be derived from the spectral radiant flux distribution by
∞
∫
Φ v = K m Φ e,λ (λ )V (λ )d λ
0
where K m is maximum luminous efficacy, Φ e, λ ( λ ) is spectral radiant flux, V( λ ) is
spectral luminous efficiency and λ is wavelength.
Note 2 to entry: The distribution of the luminous intensities as a function of the direction of emission,
e.g. given by the polar angles (ϑ,ϕ ) , is used to determine the luminous flux, Φ v , within
a certain solid angle, Ω , of a source:
Φv = ∫∫ I v (ϑ,ϕ ) sinϑ dϕ dϑ .
Ω
Note 3 to entry: The corresponding radiometric quantity is “radiant flux”. The corresponding quantity
for photons is “photon flux”.
Note 4 to entry: The luminous flux is expressed in lumen (lm).
[SOURCE: CIE DIS 017:2016: Term 17-21-039, modified – ", expressed by" removed.]
2.2 luminous intensity

Iv; I
density of luminous flux with respect to solid angle in a specified direction
dΦ v
Iv =
dΩ
where Φ v is the luminous flux emitted in the given direction, and Ω is the solid angle
containing that direction.
Note 1 to entry: For practical realization of the quantity the source is approximated by a point source.
Note 2 to entry: The distribution of the luminous intensities as a function of the direction of emission,
e.g. given by the polar angles (ϑ,ϕ ) , is used to determine the luminous flux, Φ v , within
a certain solid angle, Ω , of a source:
Φv = ∫∫ I v (ϑ,ϕ ) sinϑ dϕ dϑ .
Ω
3
Note 3 to entry: Luminous intensity can be derived from the spectral radiant intensity distribution by
∞
∫
I v = Km I e,λ (λ ) V (λ ) dλ
0
where K m is maximum luminous efficacy, I e, λ ( λ ) is the spectral radiant intensity at

wavelength λ , and V( λ ) is spectral luminous efficiency.
Note 4 to entry: The corresponding radiometric quantity is “radiant intensity”. The corresponding
quantity for photons is “photon intensity”.
−1
Note 5 to entry: The luminous intensity is expressed in candela (cd = lm·sr ).
[SOURCE: CIE DIS 017:2016, Term 17-21-045, modified – ", expressed by" removed, Note 1
to entry changed, formula in Note 3 to entry adjusted]
2.3 luminance
Lv ; L
density of luminous intensity with respect to projected area in a specified direction at a
specified point on a real or imaginary surface
dI v 1
Lv =
dA cos α
where I v is luminous intensity, A is area and α is the angle between the normal to the surface
at the specified point and the given direction
Note 1 to entry: In a practical sense, the definition of luminance can be thought of as dividing a real or
imaginary surface into an infinite number of infinitesimally small surfaces, which can
be considered as point sources, each of which has a specific luminous intensity, I v , in
the specified direction. The luminance of the surface is then the integral of these
luminance elements over the whole surface.
The equation in the definition can mathematically be interpreted as a derivative (i.e. a
rate of change of luminous intensity with projected area) and could alternatively be
rewritten in terms of the average luminous intensity I v as
Iv 1
Lv = lim
A→0 A cosα
Hence, luminance is often considered as a quotient of averaged quantities; the area,

A, should be small enough that uncertainties due to variations in luminous intensity
within that area are negligible, otherwise, the quotient Lv = I v 1 gives the average
A cos α
luminance and the specific measurement conditions must be reported with the result.
Note 2 to entry: For a surface being irradiated, an equivalent formula in terms of illuminance, Ev, and solid
angle, Ω, is Lv = dE v 1 where θ is the angle between the normal to the surface being
dΩ cos θ
irradiated and the direction of irradiation. This form is useful when the source has no surface
(e.g. the sky, the plasma of a discharge).
dΦ v
Note 3 to entry: An equivalent formula is Lv = , where Φ v is luminous flux and G is geometric
dG
extent.
Note 4 to entry: Luminous flux may be obtained by integrating luminance over projected area, A·cos α,
=
and solid angle, Ω : Φv ∫∫ Lv cosα dA dΩ .
Note 5 to entry: Since the optical extent, expressed by G·n 2 , where G is geometric extent and n is
−2
refractive index, is invariant, the quantity expressed by L v·n is also invariant along
4
the path of the beam if the losses by absorption, reflection and diffusion are taken as
0. That quantity is called “basic luminance”.
Note 6 to entry: The equation in the definition can also be described as a function of luminous flux, Φ v .
In this case, it is mathematically interpreted as a second partial derivative of the
luminous flux at a specified point (x, y) in space in a specified direction ( ϑ, ϕ ) with
respect to projected area, A·cos α, and solid angle, Ω ,
∂ 2Φv ( x, y,ϑ,ϕ )
Lv ( x, y,ϑ,ϕ ) =
∂A( x, y ) ⋅ cosα ⋅ ∂Ω (ϑ,ϕ )
where α is the angle between the normal to that area at the specified point and the specified
direction.
Note 7 to entry: The corresponding radiometric quantity is “radiance”. The corresponding quantity for photons is
“photon radiance”.
−2 −2 −1
Note 8 to entry: The luminance is expressed in candela per square metre (cd·m = lm·m ·sr ).
[SOURCE: CIE DIS 017:2016, Term 17-21-050, modified – ", expressed by" removed, in Note
1 to entry "radiance" replaced by "luminance" at two places, and "radiant intensity" replaced
by "luminous intensity"]
2.4 illuminance
Ev; E
density of incident luminous flux with respect to area at a point on a real or imaginary surface
dΦ v
Ev =
dA
where Φ v is luminous flux and A is the area on which the luminous flux is incident
Note 1 to entry: Illuminance can be derived from the spectral irradiance distribution by
∞
∫
Ev = Km Ee,λ (λ )V (λ ) dλ
0
where K m is maximum luminous efficacy, E e, λ ( λ ) is the spectral irradiance at

wavelength λ , and V( λ ) is spectral luminous efficiency.
Note 2 to entry: The corresponding radiometric quantity is “irradiance”. The corresponding quantity for
photons is “photon irradiance”.
−2
Note 3 to entry: The illuminance is expressed in lux (lx = lm·m )
[SOURCE: CIE DIS 017:2016, Term 17-21-060, modified – ", expressed by" removed, formula
in Note 1 to entry adjusted]
3 Photometric units
Historically the SI units have been presented in terms of a set of seven base units. All other
units (“derived units”) are then constructed as products of powers of the base units. In the field
of photometry, the definition of the unit of luminous intensity (based on a blackbody at the
th
freezing point temperature of platinum), was adopted at the 9 meeting of the General
Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1948 (CGPM, 1948). The name “candela”
was assigned to this unit by the CIPM in 1949. The candela was endorsed as one of the
th
international base units at the 10 meeting of the CGPM in 1954 (CGPM, 1955). The
th
“Système International d’unités”, abbreviation “SI”, was established at the 11 meeting of the
CGPM in 1960. In 1979, the candela was linked to radiometric quantities for monochromatic
5
12
radiation of frequency 540 × 10 Hz (CGPM, 1979). In 2018 the CGPM adopted a new
approach for the SI based on seven defining constants (CGPM, 2018). In the International
System of Units (SI) 2019 (BIPM, 2019) the definition of the candela is reformulated by
−1
introducing the constant K cd = 683 lm·W , which is the luminous efficacy of monochromatic
12
radiation of frequency 540 × 10 Hz.
The frequency in the candela definition of 540 × 10 Hz, denoted as ν cd , corresponds to a

12
1
wavelength in standard air (Ciddor, 1996) that is usually rounded to 555,017 nm, and denoted
λ cd . All wavelength values given in this document are in standard air. For photometric
measurements in air under real environmental conditions, the influence of the variation of the
refractive index of air on λ cd with respect to standard air is typically in the range of a few
picometres and can be neglected.
The above definition of the candela applies to photopic, scotopic and mesopic vision.
The definition of K cd relates the unit of luminous flux (lumen, lm) to the unit of radiant flux
(watt, W) at wavelength λ cd . For wavelengths other than λ cd , the luminous efficacy is
proportional to one of the spectral luminous efficiency functions described in Clause 4.
The SI units of the three other photometric quantities, luminous intensity, luminance, and
illuminance, defined in Clause 2 of this document, are derived directly from the unit of
luminous flux, the lumen, and the units of the geometric quantities, area and solid angle.
−1
The SI unit of luminous intensity is lumen per steradian (lm·sr ), which is termed candela
(cd).
−1 −2
The SI unit of luminance is lumen per square metre per steradian (lm·sr ·m ) or candela per
−2
square metre (cd·m ).
−2
The SI unit of illuminance is lumen per square metre (lm·m ), which is termed lux (lx).
While the units above are defined independently of any luminous efficiency function, the
corresponding quantities include the descriptor (photopic, mesopic, scotopic); where no
descriptor is given, it is assumed that the quantity is for photopic vision (see Clause 5).
4 Spectral luminous efficiency functions

Photometric quantities are related to radiometric quantities through internationally agreed
spectral weighting functions defined by the CIE as spectral luminous efficiency functions.
These provide agreed representations of the relative spectral sensitivity of the human visual
system under defined conditions and are normalized to unity at the wavelength of peak
sensitivity. The relevant spectral luminous efficiency function is applied as a spectral
weighting for the spectral distribution of the corresponding radiometric quantity (see Clause 6
for further details).
The most common spectral luminous efficiency functions are described in 4.1 to 4.4.
—————————
1
The value of λ cd is for standard air (dry air at 15 °C and 101 325 Pa, containing 0.045 % of carbon dioxide by
volume), see Ciddor (1996). This value changes slightly if laboratory air conditions are different but such changes
are negligible in practice.
6
4.1 Photopic vision

The spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision is denoted by V (λ ) ; its values are
given in Table 1, adopted from (ISO/CIE, 2005).
4.2 Scotopic vision

The spectral luminous efficiency function for scotopic vision is denoted by V ′(λ ) ; its values are
given in Table 2, adopted from (ISO/CIE, 2005).
4.3 Mesopic vision

The spectral luminous efficiency function for mesopic vision is denoted by Vmes;m (λ ) , and is defined as
1
Vmes;m (λ )
= {mV (λ ) + (1 − m)V ′(λ )} for 0 ≤ m ≤ 1 (1)
M ( m)
where
m is the adaptation coefficient, the value of which depends on the visual adaptation
conditions (see 6.4);
M(m) is a normalizing function such that Vmes;m (λ ) attains a maximum value of 1.
Figure 1 shows the curves of the mesopic spectral luminous efficiency function Vmes;m (λ ) at
m = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 as examples, plotted with V (λ ) and V ′(λ ) . Table 3 shows the values of
Vmes;m (λ ) at m = 0.8 as an example, which corresponds to the visual adaptation condition for a
−2
typical road lighting luminance level (≈ 1 cd m ).
Figure 1 – The spectral luminous efficiency functions for mesopic vision, Vmes;m (λ ) , at m = 0.2;
0.4; 0.6; 0.8 as examples, plotted with V (λ ) and V ′(λ )
4.4 10° photopic vision

The spectral luminous efficiency function for 10° photopic vision is denoted by V 10 ( λ ); its
values are given in Table 5, adopted from (ISO/CIE, 2005).
7
4.5 Use of these spectral luminous efficiency functions

It is important to note that the V (λ ) function applies at all luminance levels for foveal view, i.e.
for all on-axis visual tasks (where objects seen by the eye are in a narrow field of view in
central vision). For visual tasks that are not on-axis (larger field of view and/or peripheral
vision), the following specifications apply (CIE, 2010):
• Scotopic photometric quantities are applicable to the condition where the eye is adapted to
−2
an average luminance of < 0.005 cd·m .
• Mesopic photometric quantities are applicable to the condition where the eye is adapted to
−2 −2
average luminance levels between 0.005 cd·m and 5 cd·m .
−2
• Above 5 cd·m , photopic photometric quantities should be used. The V (λ ) function was
determined on the basis of experimental studies for photopic vision with a narrow field of
view (about 4° or less). For situations where the visual target has an angular subtense
larger than 4° or is seen off-axis, the V10 (λ ) function, based on experimental studies for
photopic vision with a 10° field of view (CIE, 2005), can be used.
For the purpose of practical photometry, and to avoid confusion, the relevant spectral
luminous efficiency function used for the photometric quantities must be specified, either
through use of an appropriate descriptor linked with the quantity (e.g. photopic, scotopic,
mesopic) or by use of the appropriate symbol (see Clause 5). If the luminous efficiency
function used is not specified, it is assumed to be the V (λ ) function.
5 Photometric quantity names and symbols

The names and symbols of photometric quantities listed in Clause 2, with the spectral
luminous efficiency functions listed in Clause 4, are defined in the following subsections.
Similar names and symbols are used for photometric quantities other than those given below.
5.1 Photometric quantities for photopic vision

The following quantity names and symbols apply for photopic vision (using the V (λ ) function):
• (photopic) luminous flux, Φ v
• (photopic) luminous intensity, I v
• (photopic) illuminance, E v
• (photopic) luminance, L v
NOTE The descriptor ”photopic” is used only when quantities other than photopic are reported or
discussed in the same document and there is a possibility of confusion.
5.2 Photometric quantities for scotopic vision

The following quantity names and symbols apply for scotopic vision (using the V ′(λ ) function):
• scotopic luminous flux, Φv′
• scotopic luminous intensity, Ι v′
• scotopic illuminance, Ε v′
• scotopic luminance, L′v
8
5.3 Photometric quantities for mesopic vision

The following quantity names and symbols apply for mesopic vision (CIE, 2016b) (using the
Vmes;m (λ ) function):
• mesopic luminous flux, Φmes;m
• mesopic luminous intensity, I mes;m
• mesopic illuminance, E mes;m
• mesopic luminance, Lmes;m
where m is a coefficient (0 ≤ m ≤ 1) determined by the visual adaptation level. The value of m

should be specified in the quantity name as well as in the symbol, e.g. mesopic luminous flux
(m = 0.5), Φmes;0,5 . Further guidance is available in (CIE, 2016b).
Note that mesopic photometric quantities follow the law of additivity only within a scene at a
certain adaptation luminance level. For m = 1 and m = 0 , the mesopic photometric quantities
are identical to the photopic and scotopic quantities, respectively (see 6.4).
5.4 Photometric quantities for 10° photopic vision

The following quantity names and symbols apply for photopic vision using the V10 (λ ) function.
• 10° luminous flux, Φ 10

• 10° luminous intensity, I 10
• 10° illuminance, E 10
• 10° luminance, L 10
5.5 Photometric quantities for other observers

For research purposes, photometric quantities for observers other than those introduced in the
above subclauses may be used, e.g. the CIE 2015 physiologically-based spectral luminous
efficiency function (CIE, 2015), and the CIE 1988 modified 2° observer (CIE,1990). When one
of these alternative CIE-defined observers is used, an appropriate quantity name (e.g. CIE
2015 luminous flux, or CIE 1988 luminous flux), and an appropriate symbol for the quantities
(e.g. Φ F or Φ M ) should be used to avoid any confusion with other CIE-defined photometric
−2
quantities. In any case, the same SI units – cd, lm, lx, cd·m – are used and these must not
be modified. Also, when a photometric quantity is expressed with photometric units, additivity
must hold (at least within the stated visual adaptation conditions). Photometric units are not
used for non-visual effects (CIE, 2018a). For non-visual effects radiometric units are used.
6 Basic equations relating photometric quantities to radiometric quantities
6.1 General equation

For a chosen spectral luminous efficiency function V X (λ ) , the relationship between a
photometric quantity, such as luminous flux, Φv, X , and the corresponding radiometric quantity
spectral radiant flux, Φe,λ (λ ) , is given by:
9
K cd
Φv, X = ∫
V X (λcd ) λ
Φe,λ (λ ) V X (λ ) dλ (2)
where
K cd is the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 ×

12 −1
10 Hz (683 lm·W );
V X (λ ) represents one of the spectral luminous efficiency functions;
Φv, X is the luminous flux evaluated using a defined spectral luminous
efficiency function V X (λ ) ;
dΦ e
Φe,λ (λ ) = is spectral radiant flux, i.e. the spectral distribution of radiant flux Φe ;
dλ
λcd is the wavelength at 540 × 10 Hz according to the definition of the unit
12
candela (555.017 nm in standard air).

Equation (2) requires that the spectral luminous efficiency function must have a non-zero
value at wavelength λcd . The wavelengths for the spectral luminous efficiency functions are
typically wavelengths in air.
6.2 (Photopic) luminous flux

For photopic vision, evaluated using the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic
vision, V (λ ) , (see 4.1), the relationship between luminous flux and spectral radiant flux given
in Equation (2) can be simplified to:
Φv = K m ∫λ Φe,λ (λ ) V (λ ) dλ (3)
where
Φv is the luminous flux;

d Φe
Φe,λ (λ ) = is spectral radiant flux, i.e. the spectral distribution of radiant flux Φe ;
dλ
Km is the maximum luminous efficacy for photopic vision, i.e. the luminous
efficacy at the peak of the V (λ ) function, which is at a wavelength of
λ m = 555 nm (exactly), and is given by:
=
K m K cd ⋅ V (λm ) / V (λ cd ) (4)
−1 −1
(= 683.002 lm·W ≈ 683 lm·W in standard air).
Other photopic photometric quantities (e.g. luminance, illuminance, luminous intensity)

are calculated similarly.
6.3 Scotopic luminous flux
The scotopic luminous flux, Φ′ , is related to spectral radiant flux by:
Φ′ = K m
′
∫λ Φe,λ (λ ) V ′(λ ) dλ (5)
where
V ′(λ ) is the spectral luminous efficiency function for scotopic vision (see 4.2);
10
d Φe
Φe,λ (λ ) = is spectral radiant flux, i.e. the spectral distribution of radiant flux, Φe ;
dλ
′
Km is the maximum luminous efficacy for scotopic vision, i.e. the luminous
efficacy at the peak of the V ′(λ ) function, which is at a wavelength of
′ = 507 nm (exactly):
λm
=
K ′
m K cd ⋅ V ′(λm
′ ) / V ′(λ cd ) (6)
−1 −1
(= 1 700.13 lm·W ≈ 1 700 lm·W in standard air).
Other scotopic photometric quantities (e.g. scotopic luminance, scotopic illuminance,

scotopic luminous intensity) are calculated similarly.
6.4 Mesopic luminous flux
The mesopic luminous flux, Φmes;m , is related to spectral radiant flux by:
K cd
Φmes;m = ∫
Vmes;m (λcd ) λ
Φe,λ (λ ) Vmes;m (λ ) dλ (7)
where
K cd is the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 ×

12 −1
10 Hz (683 lm·W );
Vmes;m (λ ) is the spectral luminous efficiency function for mesopic vision (see 4.3)
dΦ e
dλ
12

The maximum luminous efficacy for mesopic vision, K m,mes;m , varies as a function of m, and is
given by
K cd
K m,mes; m = (8)
Vmes;m (λcd )
−1 −1
The value of K m,mes;m varies from 683 lm⋅W at m = 1 (photopic) to 1 700 lm⋅W at m = 0
(scotopic) 2.
Hence Equation (7) can be rewritten in similar form as Equations (3) and (5):
Φmes;m = K m,mes;m ∫λ Φe,λ (λ ) Vmes;m (λ ) dλ (9)
The values of K m,mes;m are given in Table 4 for representative values of m.
—————————
2 The subscript m, in Roman font, in K m,mes;m refers to “maximum”, whereas the subscript m, in Italic font,
represents a variable, referring to the adaptation coefficient.
11
The value of m is determined from the photopic luminance, Lv,adapt , and scotopic luminance,
L′v,adapt , of the visual adaptation field 3, and it is obtained as the solution for the simultaneous
equations (CIE, 2010):
m( n −1) Lv,adapt + (1 − m( n −1) ) L′v,adapt V ′(λm )

Lmes,n = (10)
m( n −1) + (1 − m( n −1) ) V ′(λm )
and
mn =a + b log10 ( Lmes,n ) for 0 ≤ m n ≤ 1 , (11)
where a and b are parameters which have the values a = 0.7670 and b = 0.3334, and V'( λ m ) is
the value of the spectral luminous efficiency function for scotopic vision at λ m = 555 nm. These
equations can be solved by iterative calculations, n being the iteration step.
Other mesopic photometric quantities (e.g. mesopic luminance, mesopic illuminance, mesopic
luminous intensity) are calculated similarly.
Mesopic photometric quantities should always be given with the value of m, e.g. Lmes;0,4 =
−2
0.12 cd m .
6.5 Luminous flux for 10° photopic vision

The 10° luminous flux, Φ 10 , is related to spectral radiant flux by:
Φ10 = K m,10 ∫λ Φe,λ (λ ) V10 (λ ) dλ (12)
where
K m,10 is the maximum luminous efficacy for 10° photopic vision, i.e. the
luminous efficacy at the peak of the V10 (λ ) function, which is at a
wavelength of λm,10 = 557 nm (exactly):
= K cd ⋅ V10 (λm,10 ) / V10 (λcd )

K m,10 (13)
−1 −1
(= 683.601 lm·W ≈ 684 lm·W in standard air).
V10 (λ ) is the spectral luminous efficiency function for 10° photopic vision (see
4.4)
d Φe
dλ
12

Other photometric quantities for 10° photopic vision (e.g. 10° luminance, 10° illuminance, 10°
luminous intensity) are calculated similarly.
—————————
3 Determination of adaptation luminance in various application conditions is still in research. An interim
recommendation is available in (CIE, 2017).
12
7 Relating photochemical and photobiological quantities to photometric

quantities
According to the present SI, a photochemical or photobiological quantity is defined in purely
physical terms as the quantity derived from the corresponding radiometric quantity by
evaluating the radiation according to its action upon a selective receptor. Similar to a
photometric quantity, the photochemical or photobiological quantity is given by the integral
over wavelength of the spectral distribution of the radiometric quantity weighted by the
appropriate actinic spectrum (Appendix 3 of BIPM, 2019).
Like the action spectra for vision (the spectral luminous efficiency functions), the action
spectrum for other actinic effects is a relative quantity that is typically normalized to a value of
one at the wavelength of “maximum action”; it is dimensionless with the SI unit one. However,
while specific photometric units are defined for photometric quantities, the unit of a
photochemical or photobiological quantity is always the radiometric unit of the radiometric
quantity being weighted and integrated. When giving a quantitative value in these latter cases,
it is essential to specify whether a radiometric or actinic quantity is intended, because the unit
is the same for both. Further information is available in (CIE, 2014).
8 Colorimetric quantities
The CIE has published basic colorimetric recommendations (CIE, 2018b) that describe the
methods to be used for calculating various colorimetric quantities for a given spectral power
distribution. These quantities are derived from a triplet of numbers that are calculated from a
measured colour stimulus according to a specified CIE standard colorimetric system. The most
commonly used system for photometric and radiometric applications is the CIE XYZ
trichromatic system, called the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system, using the CIE 1931
colour-matching functions. These colorimetric quantities and their ranges of applicability are
described below.
8.1 CIE 1931 colour-matching functions
The CIE 1931 colour-matching functions define the colour-matching properties of an average
observer (the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer) with normal colour vision viewing
fields of angular subtense between 1° and 4° (0,017 rad and 0,07 rad). The colour-matching
functions are the tristimulus values of monochromatic stimuli of equal radiant power and of
wavelengths within the visible spectrum (360 nm to 830 nm). They are denoted by x (λ ) , y (λ ) ,
z (λ ) and their values are given in Table 6 (adopted from ISO/CIE, 2007). For a larger field of
view, the colour-matching functions for the CIE 10° observer (the CIE 1964 standard
colorimetric observer), x10 (λ ) , y10 (λ ) , z10 (λ ) , are available (ISO/CIE, 2007).
NOTE The y (λ ) function is identical to the V (λ ) function given in Table 1, and y10 (λ ) is identical to
the V10 (λ ) function given in Table 5 (CIE, 2005).
8.2 Tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates

Tristimulus values X, Y and Z are given by:
X =k ∫λ Φ e,λ (λ ) x (λ )dλ
Y =k ∫λ Φ e,λ (λ ) y (λ )dλ (14)
Z =k ∫λ Φ e,λ (λ ) z (λ )dλ
13
where
dΦ e
Φ e,λ (λ ) = is spectral radiant flux, i.e. the spectral distribution of radiant flux, Φe ;
dλ
x (λ ), y (λ ), z (λ ) are the CIE 1931 colour-matching functions;
k is a normalizing factor rendering the X, Y, Z tristimulus values
dimensionless.
−1
For light sources, k = 683 lm·W is often used, so that Y is the value of a photometric
quantity.
The tristimulus values X 10 , Y 10 , Z 10 for a 10° field of view are calculated similarly using x10 (λ ) ,
y10 (λ ) , z10 (λ ) .
The above equations for calculation of CIE tristimulus values have been shown using spectral
radiant flux of a self-luminous object, but they are generally applicable for any spectral
radiometric quantity (e.g. spectral radiance, spectral irradiance). The equations for
object-colour stimuli, reflecting or transmitting objects, are outside the scope of this document;
for details consult CIE Publication 15:2018 (CIE, 2018b).
The chromaticity coordinates define the chromaticity of a visual stimulus given by its relative
spectral distribution. The chromaticity can be represented as a point in the CIE 1931 (x, y)
chromaticity diagram.
x= X
X +Y + Z (15)
y= Y
X +Y + Z
Where X, Y, Z are the tristimulus values.
NOTE In the special case of X = x (λ ) , Y = y (λ ) , Z = z (λ ) the chromaticity coordinates are denoted by

x(λ ) , y(λ ) . They define the chromaticity of monochromatic visual stimuli of wavelength λ (see
Table 6).
The chromaticity coordinates x 10 , y 10 for a 10° field of view are calculated similarly as X 10 , Y 10 ,
Z 10 .
14
9 General notes
The equations using an integral, shown in Clauses 2, 6 and 8, to derive photometric or
colorimetric quantities are, in practice, replaced by summations ( ∑ ) over the visible
λ
spectrum. The wavelength boundaries and wavelength intervals may be those given in Tables
1 to 3, 5 and 6 or those matched to measured data. When it is necessary to obtain values of
spectral luminous efficiency functions or colour matching functions at wavelengths
intermediate to those given in the tables, linear interpolation should be used.
Luminance is intended to correlate with the perception of brightness. However, in photopic

vision, it does so only for lights having the same colour. It has been established
experimentally that lights having identical photopic luminances or photopic luminous
intensities but different colours, i.e. different values for the chromaticity coordinates, are in
general not perceived as equally bright. The brightness differences depend on the colours
involved.
At present there is no agreed photometric quantity that is more satisfactory than luminance or
luminous intensity for quantifying the absolute brightness of luminous sources. However, the
CIE has developed a supplementary system of photometry that provides a more
perceptually-relevant approach for comparative brightness evaluation of lights at any level,
including mesopic levels (CIE, 2011). This system introduces the concept of equivalent
luminance and develops a photometric model to calculate brightness-related equivalent
luminance using existing photometric and colorimetric quantities, by introducing a chromatic
contribution to brightness that depends upon the adaptation level. The CIE supplementary
system for comparative brightness evaluation is used for research purposes, to provide a
measure of luminance that corresponds more closely to the visual effect when comparing two
lights of different colour. The equivalent luminance values calculated using this system are
expressed in units of cd . m −2 and must always be accompanied by full details of the parameters
used in the calculation (i.e. the photopic and scotopic luminances and the x and y chromaticity
coordinates).
It is also known that the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision, V( λ ),
underestimates the visual response in the blue region, and an improved function, known as
the CIE 1988 modified 2° spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision, V M ( λ ), was
recommended by the CIE as a supplement to, and not a replacement of, V( λ ) (CIE, 1990). The
physiologically-based function, known as the cone-fundamental-based spectral luminous
efficiency function, V F ( λ ), is based on the latest research (CIE, 2015) and is considered to
provide further improvements. The V F ( λ ) or V M ( λ ) functions are not recognized by the CIPM
and are used only for research purposes to measure perceived brightness more accurately.
Benefits and impacts of the new luminous efficiency functions will be evaluated in the near
future.
15
10 Tables
Table 1 – Values of spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision, V( λ )

( λ in standard air)
λ /nm V( λ ) λ /nm V( λ ) λ /nm V( λ )

360 0.000 003 917 000 0 401 0.000 433 714 700 0 442 0.025 610 240 000 0
361 0.000 004 393 581 0 402 0.000 473 024 000 0 443 0.026 958 570 000 0
362 0.000 004 929 604 0 403 0.000 517 876 000 0 444 0.028 351 250 000 0
363 0.000 005 532 136 0 404 0.000 572 218 700 0 445 0.029 800 000 000 0
364 0.000 006 208 245 0 405 0.000 640 000 000 0 446 0.031 310 830 000 0
365 0.000 006 965 000 0 406 0.000 724 560 000 0 447 0.032 883 680 000 0
366 0.000 007 813 219 0 407 0.000 825 500 000 0 448 0.034 521 120 000 0
367 0.000 008 767 336 0 408 0.000 941 160 000 0 449 0.036 225 710 000 0
368 0.000 009 839 844 0 409 0.001 069 880 000 0 450 0.038 000 000 000 0
369 0.000 011 043 230 0 410 0.001 210 000 000 0 451 0.039 846 670 000 0
370 0.000 012 390 000 0 411 0.001 362 091 000 0 452 0.041 768 000 000 0
371 0.000 013 886 410 0 412 0.001 530 752 000 0 453 0.043 766 000 000 0
372 0.000 015 557 280 0 413 0.001 720 368 000 0 454 0.045 842 670 000 0
373 0.000 017 442 960 0 414 0.001 935 323 000 0 455 0.048 000 000 000 0
374 0.000 019 583 750 0 415 0.002 180 000 000 0 456 0.050 243 680 000 0
375 0.000 022 020 000 0 416 0.002 454 800 000 0 457 0.052 573 040 000 0
376 0.000 024 839 650 0 417 0.002 764 000 000 0 458 0.054 980 560 000 0
377 0.000 028 041 260 0 418 0.003 117 800 000 0 459 0.057 458 720 000 0
378 0.000 031 531 040 0 419 0.003 526 400 000 0 460 0.060 000 000 000 0
379 0.000 035 215 210 0 420 0.004 000 000 000 0 461 0.062 601 970 000 0
380 0.000 039 000 000 0 421 0.004 546 240 000 0 462 0.065 277 520 000 0
381 0.000 042 826 400 0 422 0.005 159 320 000 0 463 0.068 042 080 000 0
382 0.000 046 914 600 0 423 0.005 829 280 000 0 464 0.070 911 090 000 0
383 0.000 051 589 600 0 424 0.006 546 160 000 0 465 0.073 900 000 000 0
384 0.000 057 176 400 0 425 0.007 300 000 000 0 466 0.077 016 000 000 0
385 0.000 064 000 000 0 426 0.008 086 507 000 0 467 0.080 266 400 000 0
386 0.000 072 344 210 0 427 0.008 908 720 000 0 468 0.083 666 800 000 0
387 0.000 082 212 240 0 428 0.009 767 680 000 0 469 0.087 232 800 000 0
388 0.000 093 508 160 0 429 0.010 664 430 000 0 470 0.090 980 000 000 0
389 0.000 106 136 100 0 430 0.011 600 000 000 0 471 0.094 917 550 000 0
390 0.000 120 000 000 0 431 0.012 573 170 000 0 472 0.099 045 840 000 0
391 0.000 134 984 000 0 432 0.013 582 720 000 0 473 0.103 367 400 000 0
392 0.000 151 492 000 0 433 0.014 629 680 000 0 474 0.107 884 600 000 0
393 0.000 170 208 000 0 434 0.015 715 090 000 0 475 0.112 600 000 000 0
394 0.000 191 816 000 0 435 0.016 840 000 000 0 476 0.117 532 000 000 0
395 0.000 217 000 000 0 436 0.018 007 360 000 0 477 0.122 674 400 000 0
396 0.000 246 906 700 0 437 0.019 214 480 000 0 478 0.127 992 800 000 0
397 0.000 281 240 000 0 438 0.020 453 920 000 0 479 0.133 452 800 000 0
398 0.000 318 520 000 0 439 0.021 718 240 000 0 480 0.139 020 000 000 0
399 0.000 357 266 700 0 440 0.023 000 000 000 0 481 0.144 676 400 000 0
400 0.000 396 000 000 0 441 0.024 294 610 000 0 482 0.150 469 300 000 0
16

483 0.156 461 900 000 0 528 0.836 306 800 000 0 573 0.931 162 800 000 0
484 0.162 717 700 000 0 529 0.849 491 600 000 0 574 0.923 457 600 000 0
485 0.169 300 000 000 0 530 0.862 000 000 000 0 575 0.915 400 000 000 0
486 0.176 243 100 000 0 531 0.873 810 800 000 0 576 0.907 006 400 000 0
487 0.183 558 100 000 0 532 0.884 962 400 000 0 577 0.898 277 200 000 0
488 0.191 273 500 000 0 533 0.895 493 600 000 0 578 0.889 204 800 000 0
489 0.199 418 000 000 0 534 0.905 443 200 000 0 579 0.879 781 600 000 0
490 0.208 020 000 000 0 535 0.914 850 100 000 0 580 0.870 000 000 000 0
491 0.217 119 900 000 0 536 0.923 734 800 000 0 581 0.859 861 300 000 0
492 0.226 734 500 000 0 537 0.932 092 400 000 0 582 0.849 392 000 000 0
493 0.236 857 100 000 0 538 0.939 922 600 000 0 583 0.838 622 000 000 0
494 0.247 481 200 000 0 539 0.947 225 200 000 0 584 0.827 581 300 000 0
495 0.258 600 000 000 0 540 0.954 000 000 000 0 585 0.816 300 000 000 0
496 0.270 184 900 000 0 541 0.960 256 100 000 0 586 0.804 794 700 000 0
497 0.282 293 900 000 0 542 0.966 007 400 000 0 587 0.793 082 000 000 0
498 0.295 050 500 000 0 543 0.971 260 600 000 0 588 0.781 192 000 000 0
499 0.308 578 000 000 0 544 0.976 022 500 000 0 589 0.769 154 700 000 0
500 0.323 000 000 000 0 545 0.980 300 000 000 0 590 0.757 000 000 000 0
501 0.338 402 100 000 0 546 0.984 092 400 000 0 591 0.744 754 100 000 0
502 0.354 685 800 000 0 547 0.987 418 200 000 0 592 0.732 422 400 000 0
503 0.371 698 600 000 0 548 0.990 312 800 000 0 593 0.720 003 600 000 0
504 0.389 287 500 000 0 549 0.992 811 600 000 0 594 0.707 496 500 000 0
505 0.407 300 000 000 0 550 0.994 950 100 000 0 595 0.694 900 000 000 0
506 0.425 629 900 000 0 551 0.996 710 800 000 0 596 0.682 219 200 000 0
507 0.444 309 600 000 0 552 0.998 098 300 000 0 597 0.669 471 600 000 0
508 0.463 394 400 000 0 553 0.999 112 000 000 0 598 0.656 674 400 000 0
509 0.482 939 500 000 0 554 0.999 748 200 000 0 599 0.643 844 800 000 0
510 0.503 000 000 000 0 555 1.000 000 000 000 0 600 0.631 000 000 000 0
511 0.523 569 300 000 0 556 0.999 856 700 000 0 601 0.618 155 500 000 0
512 0.544 512 000 000 0 557 0.999 304 600 000 0 602 0.605 314 400 000 0
513 0.565 690 000 000 0 558 0.998 325 500 000 0 603 0.592 475 600 000 0
514 0.586 965 300 000 0 559 0.996 898 700 000 0 604 0.579 637 900 000 0
515 0.608 200 000 000 0 560 0.995 000 000 000 0 605 0.566 800 000 000 0
516 0.629 345 600 000 0 561 0.992 600 500 000 0 606 0.553 961 100 000 0
517 0.650 306 800 000 0 562 0.989 742 600 000 0 607 0.541 137 200 000 0
518 0.670 875 200 000 0 563 0.986 444 400 000 0 608 0.528 352 800 000 0
519 0.690 842 400 000 0 564 0.982 724 100 000 0 609 0.515 632 300 000 0
520 0.710 000 000 000 0 565 0.978 600 000 000 0 610 0.503 000 000 000 0
521 0.728 185 200 000 0 566 0.974 083 700 000 0 611 0.490 468 800 000 0
522 0.745 463 600 000 0 567 0.969 171 200 000 0 612 0.478 030 400 000 0
523 0.761 969 400 000 0 568 0.963 856 800 000 0 613 0.465 677 600 000 0
524 0.777 836 800 000 0 569 0.958 134 900 000 0 614 0.453 403 200 000 0
525 0.793 200 000 000 0 570 0.952 000 000 000 0 615 0.441 200 000 000 0
526 0.808 110 400 000 0 571 0.945 450 400 000 0 616 0.429 080 000 000 0
527 0.822 496 200 000 0 572 0.938 499 200 000 0 617 0.417 036 000 000 0
17

618 0.405 032 000 000 0 663 0.050 673 760 000 0 708 0.002 393 244 000 0
619 0.393 032 000 000 0 664 0.047 549 650 000 0 709 0.002 237 275 000 0
620 0.381 000 000 000 0 665 0.044 580 000 000 0 710 0.002 091 000 000 0
621 0.368 918 400 000 0 666 0.041 758 720 000 0 711 0.001 953 587 000 0
622 0.356 827 200 000 0 667 0.039 084 960 000 0 712 0.001 824 580 000 0
623 0.344 776 800 000 0 668 0.036 563 840 000 0 713 0.001 703 580 000 0
624 0.332 817 600 000 0 669 0.034 200 480 000 0 714 0.001 590 187 000 0
625 0.321 000 000 000 0 670 0.032 000 000 000 0 715 0.001 484 000 000 0
626 0.309 338 100 000 0 671 0.029 962 610 000 0 716 0.001 384 496 000 0
627 0.297 850 400 000 0 672 0.028 076 640 000 0 717 0.001 291 268 000 0
628 0.286 593 600 000 0 673 0.026 329 360 000 0 718 0.001 204 092 000 0
629 0.275 624 500 000 0 674 0.024 708 050 000 0 719 0.001 122 744 000 0
630 0.265 000 000 000 0 675 0.023 200 000 000 0 720 0.001 047 000 000 0
631 0.254 763 200 000 0 676 0.021 800 770 000 0 721 0.000 976 589 600 0
632 0.244 889 600 000 0 677 0.020 501 120 000 0 722 0.000 911 108 800 0
633 0.235 334 400 000 0 678 0.019 281 080 000 0 723 0.000 850 133 200 0
634 0.226 052 800 000 0 679 0.018 120 690 000 0 724 0.000 793 238 400 0
635 0.217 000 000 000 0 680 0.017 000 000 000 0 725 0.000 740 000 000 0
636 0.208 161 600 000 0 681 0.015 903 790 000 0 726 0.000 690 082 700 0
637 0.199 548 800 000 0 682 0.014 837 180 000 0 727 0.000 643 310 000 0
638 0.191 155 200 000 0 683 0.013 810 680 000 0 728 0.000 599 496 000 0
639 0.182 974 400 000 0 684 0.012 834 780 000 0 729 0.000 558 454 700 0
640 0.175 000 000 000 0 685 0.011 920 000 000 0 730 0.000 520 000 000 0
641 0.167 223 500 000 0 686 0.011 068 310 000 0 731 0.000 483 913 600 0
642 0.159 646 400 000 0 687 0.010 273 390 000 0 732 0.000 450 052 800 0
643 0.152 277 600 000 0 688 0.009 533 311 000 0 733 0.000 418 345 200 0
644 0.145 125 900 000 0 689 0.008 846 157 000 0 734 0.000 388 718 400 0
645 0.138 200 000 000 0 690 0.008 210 000 000 0 735 0.000 361 100 000 0
646 0.131 500 300 000 0 691 0.007 623 781 000 0 736 0.000 335 383 500 0
647 0.125 024 800 000 0 692 0.007 085 424 000 0 737 0.000 311 440 400 0
648 0.118 779 200 000 0 693 0.006 591 476 000 0 738 0.000 289 165 600 0
649 0.112 769 100 000 0 694 0.006 138 485 000 0 739 0.000 268 453 900 0
650 0.107 000 000 000 0 695 0.005 723 000 000 0 740 0.000 249 200 000 0
651 0.101 476 200 000 0 696 0.005 343 059 000 0 741 0.000 231 301 900 0
652 0.096 188 640 000 0 697 0.004 995 796 000 0 742 0.000 214 685 600 0
653 0.091 122 960 000 0 698 0.004 676 404 000 0 743 0.000 199 288 400 0
654 0.086 264 850 000 0 699 0.004 380 075 000 0 744 0.000 185 047 500 0
655 0.081 600 000 000 0 700 0.004 102 000 000 0 745 0.000 171 900 000 0
656 0.077 120 640 000 0 701 0.003 838 453 000 0 746 0.000 159 778 100 0
657 0.072 825 520 000 0 702 0.003 589 099 000 0 747 0.000 148 604 400 0
658 0.068 710 080 000 0 703 0.003 354 219 000 0 748 0.000 138 301 600 0
659 0.064 769 760 000 0 704 0.003 134 093 000 0 749 0.000 128 792 500 0
660 0.061 000 000 000 0 705 0.002 929 000 000 0 750 0.000 120 000 000 0
661 0.057 396 210 000 0 706 0.002 738 139 000 0 751 0.000 111 859 500 0
662 0.053 955 040 000 0 707 0.002 559 876 000 0 752 0.000 104 322 400 0
18
λ /nm V( λ ) λ /nm V( λ )
753 0.000 097 335 600 0 798 0.000 004 260 194 0
754 0.000 090 845 870 0 799 0.000 003 971 739 0
755 0.000 084 800 000 0 800 0.000 003 702 900 0
756 0.000 079 146 670 0 801 0.000 003 452 163 0
757 0.000 073 858 000 0 802 0.000 003 218 302 0
758 0.000 068 916 000 0 803 0.000 003 000 300 0
759 0.000 064 302 670 0 804 0.000 002 797 139 0
760 0.000 060 000 000 0 805 0.000 002 607 800 0
761 0.000 055 981 870 0 806 0.000 002 431 220 0
762 0.000 052 225 600 0 807 0.000 002 266 531 0
763 0.000 048 718 400 0 808 0.000 002 113 013 0
764 0.000 045 447 470 0 809 0.000 001 969 943 0
765 0.000 042 400 000 0 810 0.000 001 836 600 0
766 0.000 039 561 040 0 811 0.000 001 712 230 0
767 0.000 036 915 120 0 812 0.000 001 596 228 0
768 0.000 034 448 680 0 813 0.000 001 488 090 0
769 0.000 032 148 160 0 814 0.000 001 387 314 0
770 0.000 030 000 000 0 815 0.000 001 293 400 0
771 0.000 027 991 250 0 816 0.000 001 205 820 0
772 0.000 026 113 560 0 817 0.000 001 124 143 0
773 0.000 024 360 240 0 818 0.000 001 048 009 0
774 0.000 022 724 610 0 819 0.000 000 977 057 8
775 0.000 021 200 000 0 820 0.000 000 910 930 0
776 0.000 019 778 550 0 821 0.000 000 849 251 3
777 0.000 018 452 850 0 822 0.000 000 791 721 2
778 0.000 017 216 870 0 823 0.000 000 738 090 4
779 0.000 016 064 590 0 824 0.000 000 688 109 8
780 0.000 014 990 000 0 825 0.000 000 641 530 0
781 0.000 013 987 280 0 826 0.000 000 598 089 5
782 0.000 013 051 550 0 827 0.000 000 557 574 6
783 0.000 012 178 180 0 828 0.000 000 519 808 0
784 0.000 011 362 540 0 829 0.000 000 484 612 3
785 0.000 010 600 000 0 830 0.000 000 451 810 0
786 0.000 009 885 877 0
787 0.000 009 217 304 0
788 0.000 008 592 362 0
789 0.000 008 009 133 0
790 0.000 007 465 700 0
791 0.000 006 959 567 0
792 0.000 006 487 995 0
793 0.000 006 048 699 0
794 0.000 005 639 396 0
795 0.000 005 257 800 0
796 0.000 004 901 771 0
797 0.000 004 569 720 0
19
Table 2 – Values of spectral luminous efficiency for scotopic vision, V′( λ )

λ /nm V′( λ ) λ /nm V′( λ ) λ /nm V′( λ )

380 0.000 589 000 0 423 0.123 500 000 0 466 0.631 000 000 0
381 0.000 665 000 0 424 0.133 400 000 0 467 0.642 000 000 0
382 0.000 752 000 0 425 0.143 600 000 0 468 0.653 000 000 0
383 0.000 854 000 0 426 0.154 100 000 0 469 0.664 000 000 0
384 0.000 972 000 0 427 0.165 100 000 0 470 0.676 000 000 0
385 0.001 108 000 0 428 0.176 400 000 0 471 0.687 000 000 0
386 0.001 268 000 0 429 0.187 900 000 0 472 0.699 000 000 0
387 0.001 453 000 0 430 0.199 800 000 0 473 0.710 000 000 0
388 0.001 668 000 0 431 0.211 900 000 0 474 0.722 000 000 0
389 0.001 918 000 0 432 0.224 300 000 0 475 0.734 000 000 0
390 0.002 209 000 0 433 0.236 900 000 0 476 0.745 000 000 0
391 0.002 547 000 0 434 0.249 600 000 0 477 0.757 000 000 0
392 0.002 939 000 0 435 0.262 500 000 0 478 0.769 000 000 0
393 0.003 394 000 0 436 0.275 500 000 0 479 0.781 000 000 0
394 0.003 921 000 0 437 0.288 600 000 0 480 0.793 000 000 0
395 0.004 530 000 0 438 0.301 700 000 0 481 0.805 000 000 0
396 0.005 240 000 0 439 0.314 900 000 0 482 0.817 000 000 0
397 0.006 050 000 0 440 0.328 100 000 0 483 0.828 000 000 0
398 0.006 980 000 0 441 0.341 200 000 0 484 0.840 000 000 0
399 0.008 060 000 0 442 0.354 300 000 0 485 0.851 000 000 0
400 0.009 290 000 0 443 0.367 300 000 0 486 0.862 000 000 0
401 0.010 700 000 0 444 0.380 300 000 0 487 0.873 000 000 0
402 0.012 310 000 0 445 0.393 100 000 0 488 0.884 000 000 0
403 0.014 130 000 0 446 0.406 000 000 0 489 0.894 000 000 0
404 0.016 190 000 0 447 0.418 000 000 0 490 0.904 000 000 0
405 0.018 520 000 0 448 0.431 000 000 0 491 0.914 000 000 0
406 0.021 130 000 0 449 0.443 000 000 0 492 0.923 000 000 0
407 0.024 050 000 0 450 0.455 000 000 0 493 0.932 000 000 0
408 0.027 300 000 0 451 0.467 000 000 0 494 0.941 000 000 0
409 0.030 890 000 0 452 0.479 000 000 0 495 0.949 000 000 0
410 0.034 840 000 0 453 0.490 000 000 0 496 0.957 000 000 0
411 0.039 160 000 0 454 0.502 000 000 0 497 0.964 000 000 0
412 0.043 900 000 0 455 0.513 000 000 0 498 0.970 000 000 0
413 0.049 000 000 0 456 0.524 000 000 0 499 0.976 000 000 0
414 0.054 500 000 0 457 0.535 000 000 0 500 0.982 000 000 0
415 0.060 400 000 0 458 0.546 000 000 0 501 0.986 000 000 0
416 0.066 800 000 0 459 0.557 000 000 0 502 0.990 000 000 0
417 0.073 600 000 0 460 0.567 000 000 0 503 0.994 000 000 0
418 0.080 800 000 0 461 0.578 000 000 0 504 0.997 000 000 0
419 0.088 500 000 0 462 0.588 000 000 0 505 0.998 000 000 0
420 0.096 600 000 0 463 0.599 000 000 0 506 1.000 000 000 0
421 0.105 200 000 0 464 0.610 000 000 0 507 1.000 000 000 0
422 0.114 100 000 0 465 0.620 000 000 0 508 1.000 000 000 0
20

509 0.998 000 000 0 555 0.402 000 000 0 601 0.030 870 000 0
510 0.997 000 000 0 556 0.386 400 000 0 602 0.028 740 000 0
511 0.994 000 000 0 557 0.371 500 000 0 603 0.026 740 000 0
512 0.990 000 000 0 558 0.356 900 000 0 604 0.024 870 000 0
513 0.986 000 000 0 559 0.342 700 000 0 605 0.023 120 000 0
514 0.981 000 000 0 560 0.328 800 000 0 606 0.021 470 000 0
515 0.975 000 000 0 561 0.315 100 000 0 607 0.019 940 000 0
516 0.968 000 000 0 562 0.301 800 000 0 608 0.018 510 000 0
517 0.961 000 000 0 563 0.288 800 000 0 609 0.017 180 000 0
518 0.953 000 000 0 564 0.276 200 000 0 610 0.015 930 000 0
519 0.944 000 000 0 565 0.263 900 000 0 611 0.014 770 000 0
520 0.935 000 000 0 566 0.251 900 000 0 612 0.013 690 000 0
521 0.925 000 000 0 567 0.240 300 000 0 613 0.012 690 000 0
522 0.915 000 000 0 568 0.229 100 000 0 614 0.011 750 000 0
523 0.904 000 000 0 569 0.218 200 000 0 615 0.010 880 000 0
524 0.892 000 000 0 570 0.207 600 000 0 616 0.010 070 000 0
525 0.880 000 000 0 571 0.197 400 000 0 617 0.009 320 000 0
526 0.867 000 000 0 572 0.187 600 000 0 618 0.008 620 000 0
527 0.854 000 000 0 573 0.178 200 000 0 619 0.007 970 000 0
528 0.840 000 000 0 574 0.169 000 000 0 620 0.007 370 000 0
529 0.826 000 000 0 575 0.160 200 000 0 621 0.006 820 000 0
530 0.811 000 000 0 576 0.151 700 000 0 622 0.006 300 000 0
531 0.796 000 000 0 577 0.143 600 000 0 623 0.005 820 000 0
532 0.781 000 000 0 578 0.135 800 000 0 624 0.005 380 000 0
533 0.765 000 000 0 579 0.128 400 000 0 625 0.004 970 000 0
534 0.749 000 000 0 580 0.121 200 000 0 626 0.004 590 000 0
535 0.733 000 000 0 581 0.114 300 000 0 627 0.004 240 000 0
536 0.717 000 000 0 582 0.107 800 000 0 628 0.003 913 000 0
537 0.700 000 000 0 583 0.101 500 000 0 629 0.003 613 000 0
538 0.683 000 000 0 584 0.095 600 000 0 630 0.003 335 000 0
539 0.667 000 000 0 585 0.089 900 000 0 631 0.003 079 000 0
540 0.650 000 000 0 586 0.084 500 000 0 632 0.002 842 000 0
541 0.633 000 000 0 587 0.079 300 000 0 633 0.002 623 000 0
542 0.616 000 000 0 588 0.074 500 000 0 634 0.002 421 000 0
543 0.599 000 000 0 589 0.069 900 000 0 635 0.002 235 000 0
544 0.581 000 000 0 590 0.065 500 000 0 636 0.002 062 000 0
545 0.564 000 000 0 591 0.061 300 000 0 637 0.001 903 000 0
546 0.548 000 000 0 592 0.057 400 000 0 638 0.001 757 000 0
547 0.531 000 000 0 593 0.053 700 000 0 639 0.001 621 000 0
548 0.514 000 000 0 594 0.050 200 000 0 640 0.001 497 000 0
549 0.497 000 000 0 595 0.046 900 000 0 641 0.001 382 000 0
550 0.481 000 000 0 596 0.043 800 000 0 642 0.001 276 000 0
551 0.465 000 000 0 597 0.040 900 000 0 643 0.001 178 000 0
552 0.448 000 000 0 598 0.038 160 000 0 644 0.001 088 000 0
553 0.433 000 000 0 599 0.035 580 000 0 645 0.001 005 000 0
554 0.417 000 000 0 600 0.033 150 000 0 646 0.000 928 000 0
21

647 0.000 857 000 0 693 0.000 028 700 0 739 0.000 001 466 0
648 0.000 792 000 0 694 0.000 026 790 0 740 0.000 001 379 0
649 0.000 732 000 0 695 0.000 025 010 0 741 0.000 001 299 0
650 0.000 677 000 0 696 0.000 023 360 0 742 0.000 001 223 0
651 0.000 626 000 0 697 0.000 021 820 0 743 0.000 001 151 0
652 0.000 579 000 0 698 0.000 020 380 0 744 0.000 001 084 0
653 0.000 536 000 0 699 0.000 019 050 0 745 0.000 001 022 0
654 0.000 496 000 0 700 0.000 017 800 0 746 0.000 000 962 0
655 0.000 459 000 0 701 0.000 016 640 0 747 0.000 000 907 0
656 0.000 425 000 0 702 0.000 015 560 0 748 0.000 000 855 0
657 0.000 393 500 0 703 0.000 014 540 0 749 0.000 000 806 0
658 0.000 364 500 0 704 0.000 013 600 0 750 0.000 000 760 0
659 0.000 337 700 0 705 0.000 012 730 0 751 0.000 000 716 0
660 0.000 312 900 0 706 0.000 011 910 0 752 0.000 000 675 0
661 0.000 290 100 0 707 0.000 011 140 0 753 0.000 000 637 0
662 0.000 268 900 0 708 0.000 010 430 0 754 0.000 000 601 0
663 0.000 249 300 0 709 0.000 009 760 0 755 0.000 000 567 0
664 0.000 231 300 0 710 0.000 009 140 0 756 0.000 000 535 0
665 0.000 214 600 0 711 0.000 008 560 0 757 0.000 000 505 0
666 0.000 199 100 0 712 0.000 008 020 0 758 0.000 000 477 0
667 0.000 184 800 0 713 0.000 007 510 0 759 0.000 000 450 0
668 0.000 171 600 0 714 0.000 007 040 0 760 0.000 000 425 0
669 0.000 159 300 0 715 0.000 006 600 0 761 0.000 000 401 0
670 0.000 148 000 0 716 0.000 006 180 0 762 0.000 000 379 0
671 0.000 137 500 0 717 0.000 005 800 0 763 0.000 000 358 0
672 0.000 127 700 0 718 0.000 005 440 0 764 0.000 000 338 2
673 0.000 118 700 0 719 0.000 005 100 0 765 0.000 000 319 6
674 0.000 110 400 0 720 0.000 004 780 0 766 0.000 000 302 1
675 0.000 102 600 0 721 0.000 004 490 0 767 0.000 000 285 5
676 0.000 095 400 0 722 0.000 004 210 0 768 0.000 000 269 9
677 0.000 088 800 0 723 0.000 003 951 0 769 0.000 000 255 2
678 0.000 082 600 0 724 0.000 003 709 0 770 0.000 000 241 3
679 0.000 076 900 0 725 0.000 003 482 0 771 0.000 000 228 2
680 0.000 071 500 0 726 0.000 003 270 0 772 0.000 000 215 9
681 0.000 066 600 0 727 0.000 003 070 0 773 0.000 000 204 2
682 0.000 062 000 0 728 0.000 002 884 0 774 0.000 000 193 2
683 0.000 057 800 0 729 0.000 002 710 0 775 0.000 000 182 9
684 0.000 053 800 0 730 0.000 002 546 0 776 0.000 000 173 1
685 0.000 050 100 0 731 0.000 002 393 0 777 0.000 000 163 8
686 0.000 046 700 0 732 0.000 002 250 0 778 0.000 000 155 1
687 0.000 043 600 0 733 0.000 002 115 0 779 0.000 000 146 8
688 0.000 040 600 0 734 0.000 001 989 0 780 0.000 000 139 0
689 0.000 037 890 0 735 0.000 001 870 0
690 0.000 035 330 0 736 0.000 001 759 0
691 0.000 032 950 0 737 0.000 001 655 0
692 0.000 030 750 0 738 0.000 001 557 0
22
Table 3 – Values of spectral luminous efficiency for mesopic vision, V mes;m ( λ ),

at m = 0.8 (i.e. V mes;0,8 ( λ )) as an example (for other m values, use Eq. (1))
λ /nm V mes;m ( λ ) λ /nm V mes;m ( λ ) λ /nm V mes;m ( λ )

360 0.000 003 493 3 399 0.002 115 642 6 438 0.085 506 929 5
361 0.000 003 918 3 400 0.002 424 418 1 439 0.089 577 490 4
362 0.000 004 396 3 401 0.002 772 415 9 440 0.093 663 604 7
363 0.000 004 933 6 402 0.003 166 431 8 441 0.097 738 883 4
364 0.000 005 536 6 403 0.003 612 218 0 442 0.101 832 908 2
365 0.000 006 211 5 404 0.004 119 967 9 443 0.105 933 800 1
366 0.000 006 968 0 405 0.004 699 901 9 444 0.110 074 244 2
367 0.000 007 818 9 406 0.005 357 228 2 445 0.114 220 101 7
368 0.000 008 775 4 407 0.006 098 278 8 446 0.118 443 619 0
369 0.000 009 848 4 408 0.006 926 032 3 447 0.122 521 787 2
370 0.000 011 049 7 409 0.007 841 237 8 448 0.126 880 513 7
371 0.000 012 383 8 410 0.008 846 874 2 449 0.131 076 170 5
372 0.000 013 874 1 411 0.009 945 679 1 450 0.135 333 987 3
373 0.000 015 556 1 412 0.011 152 902 9 451 0.139 656 354 2
374 0.000 017 465 4 413 0.012 459 083 2 452 0.144 045 304 6
375 0.000 019 637 9 414 0.013 877 035 6 453 0.148 279 675 4
376 0.000 022 152 9 415 0.015 410 684 0 454 0.152 807 161 3
377 0.000 025 007 6 416 0.017 082 671 9 455 0.157 183 626 1
378 0.000 028 120 0 417 0.018 874 520 6 456 0.161 637 099 8
379 0.000 031 405 5 418 0.020 795 326 9 457 0.166 166 984 7
380 0.000 166 101 8 419 0.022 876 482 7 458 0.170 766 574 5
381 0.000 186 458 6 420 0.025 104 789 1 459 0.175 429 162 6
382 0.000 209 502 4 421 0.027 509 355 2 460 0.179 925 087 0
383 0.000 236 413 1 422 0.030 040 417 4 461 0.184 698 091 5
384 0.000 267 703 6 423 0.032 733 684 1 462 0.189 313 760 8
385 0.000 304 111 3 424 0.035 580 272 9 463 0.194 231 766 7
386 0.000 347 225 5 425 0.038 526 710 1 464 0.199 242 923 4
387 0.000 397 272 8 426 0.041 569 169 7 465 0.204 138 054 0
388 0.000 455 282 3 427 0.044 754 945 2 466 0.209 369 481 9
389 0.000 522 286 6 428 0.048 040 381 7 467 0.214 720 770 5
390 0.000 599 527 3 429 0.051 404 111 3 468 0.220 205 832 5
391 0.000 688 245 8 430 0.054 891 643 6 469 0.225 838 580 2
392 0.000 790 368 3 431 0.058 457 299 6 470 0.231 855 881 6
393 0.000 908 508 0 432 0.062 122 286 6 471 0.237 819 985 7
394 0.001 045 277 8 433 0.065 865 227 9 472 0.244 177 151 5
395 0.001 203 513 8 434 0.069 664 755 2 473 0.250 483 724 2
396 0.001 388 486 6 435 0.073 544 100 6 474 0.257 187 728 5
397 0.001 599 696 8 436 0.077 483 599 4 475 0.264 068 491 9
398 0.001 840 292 5 437 0.081 480 852 6 476 0.270 919 468 5
23

477 0.278 181 039 9 519 0.826 578 435 7 561 0.955 476 232 9
478 0.285 599 571 9 520 0.841 657 005 3 562 0.949 962 186 7
479 0.293 144 386 0 521 0.855 645 411 6 563 0.944 122 358 0
480 0.300 784 803 4 522 0.868 825 113 7 564 0.937 995 273 3
481 0.308 504 771 2 523 0.881 092 838 7 565 0.931 574 957 6
482 0.316 346 472 8 524 0.892 568 269 0 566 0.924 871 756 0
483 0.324 143 315 8 525 0.903 594 042 6 567 0.917 904 396 7
484 0.332 397 841 8 526 0.913 993 043 8 568 0.910 667 796 3
485 0.340 720 592 2 527 0.923 924 195 1 569 0.903 134 665 1
486 0.349 365 111 9 528 0.933 119 415 0 570 0.895 300 098 1
487 0.358 341 300 3 529 0.941 756 532 6 571 0.887 184 874 7
488 0.367 674 574 2 530 0.949 567 466 3 572 0.878 800 677 8
489 0.377 167 573 4 531 0.956 756 265 0 573 0.870 162 133 2
490 0.387 068 581 1 532 0.963 357 174 7 574 0.861 239 275 8
491 0.397 413 627 0 533 0.969 181 842 5 575 0.852 091 322 6
492 0.407 994 738 3 534 0.974 487 826 6 576 0.842 710 603 8
493 0.419 028 895 0 535 0.979 309 819 0 577 0.833 119 771 7
494 0.430 510 300 5 536 0.983 666 1018 578 0.823 289 753 0
495 0.442 209 934 9 537 0.987 329 349 9 579 0.813 236 065 3
496 0.454 325 247 5 538 0.990 522 251 0 580 0.802 907 339 7
497 0.466 685 008 5 539 0.993 467 582 3 581 0.792 327 031 1
498 0.479 399 357 9 540 0.995 719 254 4 582 0.781 541 068 4
499 0.492 801 212 9 541 0.997 508 338 5 583 0.770 531 525 9
500 0.507 000 802 6 542 0.998 847 230 9 584 0.759 369 749 4
501 0.521 628 556 1 543 0.999 741 906 7 585 0.748 037 991 6
502 0.537 042 539 9 544 0.999 975 474 9 586 0.736 573 352 4
503 0.553 106 751 1 545 1.000 000 000 0 587 0.724 968 340 3
504 0.569 461 785 4 546 0.999 814 857 8 588 0.713 294 390 4
505 0.585 748 684 6 547 0.998 990 635 9 589 0.701 533 666 3
506 0.602 541 603 5 548 0.997 781 860 3 590 0.689 712 833 3
507 0.619 200 570 8 549 0.996 220 101 7 591 0.677 855 257 3
508 0.636 220 815 1 550 0.994 559 975 0 592 0.665 988 049 6
509 0.653 205 654 2 551 0.992 562 918 0 593 0.654 087 755 3
510 0.670 873 093 7 552 0.990 010 077 6 594 0.642 153 304 2
511 0.688 548 381 3 553 0.987 569 785 1 595 0.630 183 715 3
512 0.706 333 719 8 554 0.984 569 874 3 596 0.618 183 537 0
513 0.724 328 904 0 555 0.981 450 102 6 597 0.606 168 376 0
514 0.742 187 906 9 556 0.977 844 198 7 598 0.594 144 653 5
515 0.759 787 746 4 557 0.974 029 786 9 599 0.582 127 708 9
516 0.777 085 169 0 558 0.969 901 453 7 600 0.570 130 651 9
517 0.794 218 139 7 559 0.965 463 034 0 601 0.558 167 305 8
518 0.810 777 847 1 560 0.960 670 650 1 602 0.546 240 435 2
24

603 0.534 344 600 0 645 0.123 473 869 6 687 0.009 171 756 0
604 0.522 478 730 0 646 0.117 481 762 2 688 0.008 511 067 5
605 0.510 639 436 4 647 0.111 690 939 1 689 0.007 897 647 8
606 0.498 821 546 4 648 0.106 106 483 5 690 0.007 329 735 6
607 0.487 043 788 5 649 0.100 733 166 9 691 0.006 806 401 1
608 0.475 323 553 0 650 0.095 575 894 1 692 0.006 325 789 3
609 0.463 682 600 6 651 0.090 638 277 0 693 0.005 884 825 6
610 0.452 138 143 2 652 0.085 912 235 8 694 0.005 480 413 4
611 0.440 703 915 1 653 0.081 384 963 9 695 0.005 109 473 4
612 0.429 370 284 5 654 0.077 043 476 3 696 0.004 770 266 7
613 0.418 130 830 3 655 0.072 875 011 1 697 0.004 460 229 2
614 0.406 974 672 3 656 0.068 872 638 9 698 0.004 175 060 2
615 0.395 897 618 8 657 0.065 035 133 3 699 0.003 910 499 0
616 0.384 908 142 3 658 0.061 358 427 7 700 0.003 662 222 4
617 0.373 999 821 6 659 0.057 838 388 5 701 0.003 426 924 1
618 0.363 138 321 6 660 0.054 470 904 3 702 0.003 204 307 5
619 0.352 291 536 6 661 0.051 251 881 7 703 0.002 994 608 9
620 0.341 427 361 1 662 0.048 178 244 0 704 0.002 798 082 6
621 0.330 530 099 0 663 0.045 247 556 4 705 0.002 614 984 8
622 0.319 630 964 1 664 0.042 457 393 2 706 0.002 444 588 9
623 0.308 777 133 7 665 0.039 805 270 7 707 0.002 285 441 0
624 0.298 013 555 7 666 0.037 285 735 3 708 0.002 136 669 5
625 0.287 382 948 4 667 0.034 898 029 1 709 0.001 997 431 6
626 0.276 897 886 4 668 0.032 646 695 8 710 0.001 866 837 6
627 0.266 574 868 5 669 0.030 536 257 0 711 0.001 744 163 0
628 0.256 462 900 2 670 0.028 571 301 2 712 0.001 628 988 7
629 0.246 613 528 9 671 0.026 751 970 9 713 0.001 520 964 5
630 0.237 076 384 6 672 0.025 067 836 4 714 0.001 419 736 0
631 0.227 889 904 6 673 0.023 507 567 1 715 0.001 324 935 3
632 0.219 031 570 5 674 0.022 059 796 7 716 0.001 236 105 4
633 0.210 461 205 7 675 0.020 713 145 5 717 0.001 152 876 1
634 0.202 138 633 7 676 0.019 463 676 1 718 0.001 075 046 8
635 0.194 023 677 9 677 0.018 303 148 1 719 0.001 002 421 3
636 0.186 102 827 1 678 0.017 213 707 3 720 0.000 934 803 4
637 0.178 386 292 7 679 0.016 177 575 1 721 0.000 871 945 5
638 0.170 868 144 1 680 0.015 176 915 2 722 0.000 813 486 6
639 0.163 542 004 8 681 0.014 198 198 5 723 0.000 759 045 5
640 0.156 402 613 0 682 0.013 245 946 7 724 0.000 708 255 8
641 0.149 441 719 4 683 0.012 329 555 0 725 0.000 660 724 6
642 0.142 660 661 7 684 0.011 458 334 1 726 0.000 616 157 6
643 0.136 067 154 2 685 0.010 641 688 2 727 0.000 574 402 5
644 0.129 669 044 9 686 0.009 881 374 3 728 0.000 535 290 3
25

729 0.000 498 642 2 771 0.000 025 013 9 813 0.000 001 327 1
730 0.000 464 315 1 772 0.000 023 337 2 814 0.000 001 237 2
731 0.000 432 095 1 773 0.000 021 770 3 815 0.000 001 153 5
732 0.000 401 866 1 774 0.000 020 309 7 816 0.000 001 075 4
733 0.000 373 565 3 775 0.000 018 947 4 817 0.000 001 002 5
734 0.000 347 112 5 776 0.000 017 677 9 818 0.000 000 934 6
735 0.000 322 453 8 777 0.000 016 493 3 819 0.000 000 871 4
736 0.000 299 491 4 778 0.000 015 389 1 820 0.000 000 812 4
737 0.000 278 118 0 779 0.000 014 359 9 821 0.000 000 757 4
738 0.000 258 235 3 780 0.000 013 399 4 822 0.000 000 706 1
739 0.000 239 736 5 781 0.000 012 473 9 823 0.000 000 658 2
740 0.000 222 549 5 782 0.000 011 640 1 824 0.000 000 613 7
741 0.000 206 568 0 783 0.000 010 860 6 825 0.000 000 572 1
742 0.000 191 737 9 784 0.000 010 133 8 826 0.000 000 533 4
743 0.000 177 987 8 785 0.000 009 453 3 827 0.000 000 497 3
744 0.000 165 273 3 786 0.000 008 816 5 828 0.000 000 463 6
745 0.000 153 532 1 787 0.000 008 220 2 829 0.000 000 432 2
746 0.000 142 709 8 788 0.000 007 662 9 830 0.000 000 402 9
747 0.000 132 727 0 789 0.000 007 142 7
748 0.000 123 529 6 790 0.000 006 658 1
749 0.000 115 037 5 791 0.000 006 206 7
750 0.000 107 188 1 792 0.000 005 786 1
751 0.000 099 918 8 793 0.000 005 394 4
752 0.000 093 185 4 794 0.000 005 029 3
753 0.000 086 948 4 795 0.000 004 689 0
754 0.000 081 152 5 796 0.000 004 371 5
755 0.000 075 752 9 797 0.000 004 075 4
756 0.000 070 704 3 798 0.000 003 799 3
757 0.000 065 980 8 799 0.000 003 542 0
758 0.000 061 567 2 800 0.000 003 302 3
759 0.000 057 447 2 801 0.000 003 078 7
760 0.000 053 604 1 802 0.000 002 870 2
761 0.000 050 015 4 803 0.000 002 675 7
762 0.000 046 660 8 804 0.000 002 494 5
763 0.000 043 527 6 805 0.000 002 325 7
764 0.000 040 606 0 806 0.000 002 168 2
765 0.000 037 884 5 807 0.000 002 021 3
766 0.000 035 348 7 808 0.000 001 884 4
767 0.000 032 985 3 809 0.000 001 756 8
768 0.000 030 782 6 810 0.000 001 637 9
769 0.000 028 727 2 811 0.000 001 527 0
770 0.000 026 808 5 812 0.000 001 423 5
26
Table 4 – Values of maximum luminous efficacy for mesopic vision, K m,mes;m ,

at varied m values (for other m values use Eq. (8))
m K m, mes;m
0 1700.13
0.1 1402.22
0.2 1181.84
0.3 1020.44
0.4 902.64
0.5 816.88
0.6 757.24
0.7 718.49
0.8 695.95
0.9 685.46
1.0 683.00
27
Table 5 – Values of spectral luminous efficiency for 10° photopic vision, V 10 ( λ )

λ /nm V 10 ( λ ) λ /nm V 10 ( λ ) λ /nm V 10 ( λ )

360 0.000 000 013 398 402 0.002 822 000 000 444 0.072 218 000 000
361 0.000 000 020 294 403 0.003 319 000 000 445 0.074 704 000 000
362 0.000 000 030 560 404 0.003 880 000 000 446 0.077 272 000 000
363 0.000 000 045 740 405 0.004 509 000 000 447 0.079 979 000 000
364 0.000 000 068 050 406 0.005 209 000 000 448 0.082 874 000 000
365 0.000 000 100 650 407 0.005 985 000 000 449 0.086 000 000 000
366 0.000 000 147 980 408 0.006 833 000 000 450 0.089 456 000 000
367 0.000 000 216 270 409 0.007 757 000 000 451 0.092 947 000 000
368 0.000 000 314 200 410 0.008 756 000 000 452 0.096 275 000 000
369 0.000 000 453 700 411 0.009 816 000 000 453 0.099 535 000 000
370 0.000 000 651 100 412 0.010 918 000 000 454 0.102 829 000 000
371 0.000 000 928 800 413 0.012 058 000 000 455 0.106 256 000 000
372 0.000 001 317 500 414 0.013 237 000 000 456 0.109 901 000 000
373 0.000 001 857 200 415 0.014 456 000 000 457 0.113 835 000 000
374 0.000 002 602 000 416 0.015 717 000 000 458 0.118 167 000 000
375 0.000 003 625 000 417 0.017 025 000 000 459 0.122 932 000 000
376 0.000 005 019 000 418 0.018 399 000 000 460 0.128 201 000 000
377 0.000 006 907 000 419 0.019 848 000 000 461 0.133 457 000 000
378 0.000 009 449 000 420 0.021 391 000 000 462 0.138 323 000 000
379 0.000 012 848 000 421 0.022 992 000 000 463 0.143 042 000 000
380 0.000 017 364 000 422 0.024 598 000 000 464 0.147 787 000 000
381 0.000 023 327 000 423 0.026 213 000 000 465 0.152 761 000 000
382 0.000 031 150 000 424 0.027 841 000 000 466 0.158 102 000 000
383 0.000 041 350 000 425 0.029 497 000 000 467 0.163 941 000 000
384 0.000 054 560 000 426 0.031 195 000 000 468 0.170 362 000 000
385 0.000 071 560 000 427 0.032 927 000 000 469 0.177 425 000 000
386 0.000 093 300 000 428 0.034 738 000 000 470 0.185 190 000 000
387 0.000 120 870 000 429 0.036 654 000 000 471 0.193 025 000 000
388 0.000 155 640 000 430 0.038 676 000 000 472 0.200 313 000 000
389 0.000 199 200 000 431 0.040 792 000 000 473 0.207 156 000 000
390 0.000 253 400 000 432 0.042 946 000 000 474 0.213 644 000 000
391 0.000 320 200 000 433 0.045 114 000 000 475 0.219 940 000 000
392 0.000 402 400 000 434 0.047 333 000 000 476 0.226 170 000 000
393 0.000 502 300 000 435 0.049 602 000 000 477 0.232 467 000 000
394 0.000 623 200 000 436 0.051 934 000 000 478 0.239 025 000 000
395 0.000 768 500 000 437 0.054 337 000 000 479 0.245 997 000 000
396 0.000 941 700 000 438 0.056 822 000 000 480 0.253 589 000 000
397 0.001 147 800 000 439 0.059 399 000 000 481 0.261 876 000 000
398 0.001 390 300 000 440 0.062 077 000 000 482 0.270 643 000 000
399 0.001 674 000 000 441 0.064 737 000 000 483 0.279 645 000 000
400 0.002 004 400 000 442 0.067 285 000 000 484 0.288 694 000 000
401 0.002 386 000 000 443 0.069 764 000 000 485 0.297 665 000 000
28

486 0.306 469 000 000 531 0.885 370 000 000 576 0.905 954 000 000
487 0.315 035 000 000 532 0.895 370 000 000 577 0.896 608 000 000
488 0.323 335 000 000 533 0.905 150 000 000 578 0.887 249 000 000
489 0.331 366 000 000 534 0.914 650 000 000 579 0.877 986 000 000
490 0.339 133 000 000 535 0.923 810 000 000 580 0.868 934 000 000
491 0.347 860 000 000 536 0.932 550 000 000 581 0.860 164 000 000
492 0.358 326 000 000 537 0.940 810 000 000 582 0.851 519 000 000
493 0.370 001 000 000 538 0.948 520 000 000 583 0.842 963 000 000
494 0.382 464 000 000 539 0.955 600 000 000 584 0.834 393 000 000
495 0.395 379 000 000 540 0.961 988 000 000 585 0.825 623 000 000
496 0.408 482 000 000 541 0.967 540 000 000 586 0.816 764 000 000
497 0.421 588 000 000 542 0.972 230 000 000 587 0.807 544 000 000
498 0.434 619 000 000 543 0.976 170 000 000 588 0.797 947 000 000
499 0.447 601 000 000 544 0.979 460 000 000 589 0.787 893 000 000
500 0.460 777 000 000 545 0.982 200 000 000 590 0.777 405 000 000
501 0.474 340 000 000 546 0.984 520 000 000 591 0.766 490 000 000
502 0.488 200 000 000 547 0.986 520 000 000 592 0.755 309 000 000
503 0.502 340 000 000 548 0.988 320 000 000 593 0.743 845 000 000
504 0.516 740 000 000 549 0.990 020 000 000 594 0.732 190 000 000
505 0.531 360 000 000 550 0.991 761 000 000 595 0.720 353 000 000
506 0.546 190 000 000 551 0.993 530 000 000 596 0.708 281 000 000
507 0.561 180 000 000 552 0.995 230 000 000 597 0.696 055 000 000
508 0.576 290 000 000 553 0.996 770 000 000 598 0.683 621 000 000
509 0.591 500 000 000 554 0.998 090 000 000 599 0.671 048 000 000
510 0.606 741 000 000 555 0.999 110 000 000 600 0.658 341 000 000
511 0.622 150 000 000 556 0.999 770 000 000 601 0.645 545 000 000
512 0.637 830 000 000 557 1.000 000 000 000 602 0.632 718 000 000
513 0.653 710 000 000 558 0.999 710 000 000 603 0.619 815 000 000
514 0.669 680 000 000 559 0.998 850 000 000 604 0.606 887 000 000
515 0.685 660 000 000 560 0.997 340 000 000 605 0.593 878 000 000
516 0.701 550 000 000 561 0.995 260 000 000 606 0.580 781 000 000
517 0.717 230 000 000 562 0.992 740 000 000 607 0.567 653 000 000
518 0.732 570 000 000 563 0.989 750 000 000 608 0.554 490 000 000
519 0.747 460 000 000 564 0.986 300 000 000 609 0.541 228 000 000
520 0.761 757 000 000 565 0.982 380 000 000 610 0.527 963 000 000
521 0.775 340 000 000 566 0.977 980 000 000 611 0.514 634 000 000
522 0.788 220 000 000 567 0.973 110 000 000 612 0.501 363 000 000
523 0.800 460 000 000 568 0.967 740 000 000 613 0.488 124 000 000
524 0.812 140 000 000 569 0.961 890 000 000 614 0.474 935 000 000
525 0.823 330 000 000 570 0.955 552 000 000 615 0.461 834 000 000
526 0.834 120 000 000 571 0.948 601 000 000 616 0.448 823 000 000
527 0.844 600 000 000 572 0.940 981 000 000 617 0.435 917 000 000
528 0.854 870 000 000 573 0.932 798 000 000 618 0.423 153 000 000
529 0.865 040 000 000 574 0.924 158 000 000 619 0.410 526 000 000
530 0.875 211 000 000 575 0.915 175 000 000 620 0.398 057 000 000
29

621 0.385 835 000 000 666 0.041 345 000 000 711 0.001 642 360 000
622 0.373 951 000 000 667 0.038 750 700 000 712 0.001 525 350 000
623 0.362 311 000 000 668 0.036 297 800 000 713 0.001 416 720 000
624 0.350 863 000 000 669 0.033 983 200 000 714 0.001 315 950 000
625 0.339 554 000 000 670 0.031 800 400 000 715 0.001 222 390 000
626 0.328 309 000 000 671 0.029 739 500 000 716 0.001 135 550 000
627 0.317 118 000 000 672 0.027 791 800 000 717 0.001 054 940 000
628 0.305 936 000 000 673 0.025 955 100 000 718 0.000 980 140 000
629 0.294 737 000 000 674 0.024 226 300 000 719 0.000 910 660 000
630 0.283 493 000 000 675 0.022 601 700 000 720 0.000 846 190 000
631 0.272 222 000 000 676 0.021 077 900 000 721 0.000 786 290 000
632 0.260 990 000 000 677 0.019 650 500 000 722 0.000 730 680 000
633 0.249 877 000 000 678 0.018 315 300 000 723 0.000 678 990 000
634 0.238 946 000 000 679 0.017 068 600 000 724 0.000 631 010 000
635 0.228 254 000 000 680 0.015 905 100 000 725 0.000 586 440 000
636 0.217 853 000 000 681 0.014 818 300 000 726 0.000 545 110 000
637 0.207 780 000 000 682 0.013 800 800 000 727 0.000 506 720 000
638 0.198 072 000 000 683 0.012 849 500 000 728 0.000 471 110 000
639 0.188 748 000 000 684 0.011 960 700 000 729 0.000 438 050 000
640 0.179 828 000 000 685 0.011 130 300 000 730 0.000 407 410 000
641 0.171 285 000 000 686 0.010 355 500 000 731 0.000 378 962 000
642 0.163 059 000 000 687 0.009 633 200 000 732 0.000 352 543 000
643 0.155 151 000 000 688 0.008 959 900 000 733 0.000 328 001 000
644 0.147 535 000 000 689 0.008 332 400 000 734 0.000 305 208 000
645 0.140 211 000 000 690 0.007 748 800 000 735 0.000 284 041 000
646 0.133 170 000 000 691 0.007 204 600 000 736 0.000 264 375 000
647 0.126 400 000 000 692 0.006 697 500 000 737 0.000 246 109 000
648 0.119 892 000 000 693 0.006 225 100 000 738 0.000 229 143 000
649 0.113 640 000 000 694 0.005 785 000 000 739 0.000 213 376 000
650 0.107 633 000 000 695 0.005 375 100 000 740 0.000 198 730 000
651 0.101 870 000 000 696 0.004 994 100 000 741 0.000 185 115 000
652 0.096 347 000 000 697 0.004 639 200 000 742 0.000 172 454 000
653 0.091 063 000 000 698 0.004 309 300 000 743 0.000 160 678 000
654 0.086 010 000 000 699 0.004 002 800 000 744 0.000 149 730 000
655 0.081 187 000 000 700 0.003 717 740 000 745 0.000 139 550 000
656 0.076 583 000 000 701 0.003 452 620 000 746 0.000 130 086 000
657 0.072 198 000 000 702 0.003 205 830 000 747 0.000 121 290 000
658 0.068 024 000 000 703 0.002 976 230 000 748 0.000 113 106 000
659 0.064 052 000 000 704 0.002 762 810 000 749 0.000 105 501 000
660 0.060 281 000 000 705 0.002 564 560 000 750 0.000 098 428 000
661 0.056 697 000 000 706 0.002 380 480 000 751 0.000 091 853 000
662 0.053 292 000 000 707 0.002 209 710 000 752 0.000 085 738 000
663 0.050 059 000 000 708 0.002 051 320 000 753 0.000 080 048 000
664 0.046 998 000 000 709 0.001 904 490 000 754 0.000 074 751 000
665 0.044 096 000 000 710 0.001 768 470 000 755 0.000 069 819 000
30
λ /nm V 10 ( λ ) λ /nm V 10 ( λ )
756 0.000 065 222 000 801 0.000 003 539 950
757 0.000 060 939 000 802 0.000 003 329 140
758 0.000 056 942 000 803 0.000 003 131 150
759 0.000 053 217 000 804 0.000 002 945 290
760 0.000 049 737 000 805 0.000 002 770 810
761 0.000 046 491 000 806 0.000 002 607 050
762 0.000 043 464 000 807 0.000 002 453 290
763 0.000 040 635 000 808 0.000 002 308 940
764 0.000 038 000 000 809 0.000 002 173 380
765 0.000 035 540 500 810 0.000 002 046 130
766 0.000 033 244 800 811 0.000 001 926 620
767 0.000 031 100 600 812 0.000 001 814 400
768 0.000 029 099 000 813 0.000 001 708 950
769 0.000 027 230 700 814 0.000 001 609 880
770 0.000 025 486 000 815 0.000 001 516 770
771 0.000 023 856 100 816 0.000 001 429 210
772 0.000 022 333 200 817 0.000 001 346 860
773 0.000 020 910 400 818 0.000 001 269 450
774 0.000 019 580 800 819 0.000 001 196 620
775 0.000 018 338 400 820 0.000 001 128 090
776 0.000 017 177 700 821 0.000 001 063 680
777 0.000 016 093 400 822 0.000 001 003 130
778 0.000 015 080 000 823 0.000 000 946 220
779 0.000 014 133 600 824 0.000 000 892 630
780 0.000 013 249 000 825 0.000 000 842 160
781 0.000 012 422 600 826 0.000 000 794 640
782 0.000 011 649 900 827 0.000 000 749 780
783 0.000 010 927 700 828 0.000 000 707 440
784 0.000 010 251 900 829 0.000 000 667 480
785 0.000 009 619 600 830 0.000 000 629 700
786 0.000 009 028 100
787 0.000 008 474 000
788 0.000 007 954 800
789 0.000 007 468 600
790 0.000 007 012 800
791 0.000 006 585 800
792 0.000 006 185 700
793 0.000 005 810 700
794 0.000 005 459 000
795 0.000 005 129 800
796 0.000 004 820 600
797 0.000 004 531 200
798 0.000 004 259 100
799 0.000 004 004 200
800 0.000 003 764 730
31
Table 6 – CIE 1931 colour-matching functions and chromaticity coordinates
λ /nm x (λ ) y (λ ) z (λ ) x( λ ) y( λ ) z( λ )
360 0.000 129 900 000 0.000 003 917 000 0 0.000 606 100 000 0.175 56 0.005 29 0.819 15
361 0.000 145 847 000 0.000 004 393 581 0 0.000 680 879 200 0.175 48 0.005 29 0.819 23
362 0.000 163 802 100 0.000 004 929 604 0 0.000 765 145 600 0.175 40 0.005 28 0.819 32
363 0.000 184 003 700 0.000 005 532 136 0 0.000 860 012 400 0.175 32 0.005 27 0.819 41
364 0.000 206 690 200 0.000 006 208 245 0 0.000 966 592 800 0.175 24 0.005 26 0.819 50
365 0.000 232 100 000 0.000 006 965 000 0 0.001 086 000 000 0.175 16 0.005 26 0.819 58
366 0.000 260 728 000 0.000 007 813 219 0 0.001 220 586 000 0.175 09 0.005 25 0.819 66
367 0.000 293 075 000 0.000 008 767 336 0 0.001 372 729 000 0.175 01 0.005 24 0.819 75
368 0.000 329 388 000 0.000 009 839 844 0 0.001 543 579 000 0.174 94 0.005 23 0.819 83
369 0.000 369 914 000 0.000 011 043 230 0 0.001 734 286 000 0.174 88 0.005 22 0.819 90
370 0.000 414 900 000 0.000 012 390 000 0 0.001 946 000 000 0.174 82 0.005 22 0.819 96
371 0.000 464 158 700 0.000 013 886 410 0 0.002 177 777 000 0.174 77 0.005 23 0.820 00
372 0.000 518 986 000 0.000 015 557 280 0 0.002 435 809 000 0.174 72 0.005 24 0.820 04
373 0.000 581 854 000 0.000 017 442 960 0 0.002 731 953 000 0.174 66 0.005 24 0.820 10
374 0.000 655 234 700 0.000 019 583 750 0 0.003 078 064 000 0.174 59 0.005 22 0.820 19
375 0.000 741 600 000 0.000 022 020 000 0 0.003 486 000 000 0.174 51 0.005 18 0.820 31
376 0.000 845 029 600 0.000 024 839 650 0 0.003 975 227 000 0.174 41 0.005 13 0.820 46
377 0.000 964 526 800 0.000 028 041 260 0 0.004 540 880 000 0.174 31 0.005 07 0.820 62
378 0.001 094 949 000 0.000 031 531 040 0 0.005 158 320 000 0.174 22 0.005 02 0.820 76
379 0.001 231 154 000 0.000 035 215 210 0 0.005 802 907 000 0.174 16 0.004 98 0.820 86
380 0.001 368 000 000 0.000 039 000 000 0 0.006 450 001 000 0.174 11 0.004 96 0.820 93
381 0.001 502 050 000 0.000 042 826 400 0 0.007 083 216 000 0.174 09 0.004 96 0.820 95
382 0.001 642 328 000 0.000 046 914 600 0 0.007 745 488 000 0.174 07 0.004 97 0.820 96
383 0.001 802 382 000 0.000 051 589 600 0 0.008 501 152 000 0.174 06 0.004 98 0.820 96
384 0.001 995 757 000 0.000 057 176 400 0 0.009 414 544 000 0.174 04 0.004 98 0.820 98
385 0.002 236 000 000 0.000 064 000 000 0 0.010 549 990 000 0.174 01 0.004 98 0.821 01
386 0.002 535 385 000 0.000 072 344 210 0 0.011 965 800 000 0.173 97 0.004 97 0.821 06
387 0.002 892 603 000 0.000 082 212 240 0 0.013 655 870 000 0.173 93 0.004 94 0.821 13
388 0.003 300 829 000 0.000 093 508 160 0 0.015 588 050 000 0.173 89 0.004 93 0.821 18
389 0.003 753 236 000 0.000 106 136 100 0 0.017 730 150 000 0.173 84 0.004 92 0.821 24
390 0.004 243 000 000 0.000 120 000 000 0 0.020 050 010 000 0.173 80 0.004 92 0.821 28
391 0.004 762 389 000 0.000 134 984 000 0 0.022 511 360 000 0.173 76 0.004 92 0.821 32
392 0.005 330 048 000 0.000 151 492 000 0 0.025 202 880 000 0.173 70 0.004 94 0.821 36
393 0.005 978 712 000 0.000 170 208 000 0 0.028 279 720 000 0.173 66 0.004 94 0.821 40
394 0.006 741 117 000 0.000 191 816 000 0 0.031 897 040 000 0.173 61 0.004 94 0.821 45
395 0.007 650 000 000 0.000 217 000 000 0 0.036 210 000 000 0.173 56 0.004 92 0.821 52
396 0.008 751 373 000 0.000 246 906 700 0 0.041 437 710 000 0.173 51 0.004 90 0.821 59
397 0.010 028 880 000 0.000 281 240 000 0 0.047 503 720 000 0.173 47 0.004 86 0.821 67
398 0.011 421 700 000 0.000 318 520 000 0 0.054 119 880 000 0.173 42 0.004 84 0.821 74
399 0.012 869 010 000 0.000 357 266 700 0 0.060 998 030 000 0.173 38 0.004 81 0.821 81
400 0.014 310 000 000 0.000 396 000 000 0 0.067 850 010 000 0.173 34 0.004 80 0.821 86
401 0.015 704 430 000 0.000 433 714 700 0 0.074 486 320 000 0.173 29 0.004 79 0.821 92
402 0.017 147 440 000 0.000 473 024 000 0 0.081 361 560 000 0.173 24 0.004 78 0.821 98
403 0.018 781 220 000 0.000 517 876 000 0 0.089 153 640 000 0.173 17 0.004 78 0.822 05
404 0.020 748 010 000 0.000 572 218 700 0 0.098 540 480 000 0.173 10 0.004 77 0.822 13
405 0.023 190 000 000 0.000 640 000 000 0 0.110 200 000 000 0.173 02 0.004 78 0.822 20
406 0.026 207 360 000 0.000 724 560 000 0 0.124 613 300 000 0.172 93 0.004 78 0.822 29
407 0.029 782 480 000 0.000 825 500 000 0 0.141 701 700 000 0.172 84 0.004 79 0.822 37
32
408 0.033 880 920 000 0.000 941 160 000 0 0.161 303 500 000 0.172 75 0.004 80 0.822 45
409 0.038 468 240 000 0.001 069 880 000 0 0.183 256 800 000 0.172 66 0.004 80 0.822 54
410 0.043 510 000 000 0.001 210 000 000 0 0.207 400 000 000 0.172 58 0.004 80 0.822 62
411 0.048 995 600 000 0.001 362 091 000 0 0.233 692 100 000 0.172 49 0.004 80 0.822 71
412 0.055 022 600 000 0.001 530 752 000 0 0.262 611 400 000 0.172 39 0.004 80 0.822 81
413 0.061 718 800 000 0.001 720 368 000 0 0.294 774 600 000 0.172 30 0.004 80 0.822 90
414 0.069 212 000 000 0.001 935 323 000 0 0.330 798 500 000 0.172 19 0.004 82 0.822 99
415 0.077 630 000 000 0.002 180 000 000 0 0.371 300 000 000 0.172 09 0.004 83 0.823 08
416 0.086 958 110 000 0.002 454 800 000 0 0.416 209 100 000 0.171 98 0.004 86 0.823 16
417 0.097 176 720 000 0.002 764 000 000 0 0.465 464 200 000 0.171 87 0.004 89 0.823 24
418 0.108 406 300 000 0.003 117 800 000 0 0.519 694 800 000 0.171 74 0.004 94 0.823 32
419 0.120 767 200 000 0.003 526 400 000 0 0.579 530 300 000 0.171 59 0.005 01 0.823 40
420 0.134 380 000 000 0.004 000 000 000 0 0.645 600 000 000 0.171 41 0.005 10 0.823 49
421 0.149 358 200 000 0.004 546 240 000 0 0.718 483 800 000 0.171 21 0.005 21 0.823 58
422 0.165 395 700 000 0.005 159 320 000 0 0.796 713 300 000 0.170 99 0.005 33 0.823 68
423 0.181 983 100 000 0.005 829 280 000 0 0.877 845 900 000 0.170 77 0.005 47 0.823 76
424 0.198 611 000 000 0.006 546 160 000 0 0.959 439 000 000 0.170 54 0.005 62 0.823 84
425 0.214 770 000 000 0.007 300 000 000 0 1.039 050 100 000 0.170 30 0.005 79 0.823 91
426 0.230 186 800 000 0.008 086 507 000 0 1.115 367 300 000 0.170 05 0.005 97 0.823 98
427 0.244 879 700 000 0.008 908 720 000 0 1.188 497 100 000 0.169 78 0.006 18 0.824 04
428 0.258 777 300 000 0.009 767 680 000 0 1.258 123 300 000 0.169 50 0.006 40 0.824 10
429 0.271 807 900 000 0.010 664 430 000 0 1.323 929 600 000 0.169 20 0.006 64 0.824 16
430 0.283 900 000 000 0.011 600 000 000 0 1.385 600 000 000 0.168 88 0.006 90 0.824 22
431 0.294 943 800 000 0.012 573 170 000 0 1.442 635 200 000 0.168 53 0.007 18 0.824 29
432 0.304 896 500 000 0.013 582 720 000 0 1.494 803 500 000 0.168 15 0.007 49 0.824 36
433 0.313 787 300 000 0.014 629 680 000 0 1.542 190 300 000 0.167 75 0.007 82 0.824 43
434 0.321 645 400 000 0.015 715 090 000 0 1.584 880 700 000 0.167 33 0.008 17 0.824 50
435 0.328 500 000 000 0.016 840 000 000 0 1.622 960 000 000 0.166 90 0.008 55 0.824 55
436 0.334 351 300 000 0.018 007 360 000 0 1.656 404 800 000 0.166 45 0.008 96 0.824 59
437 0.339 210 100 000 0.019 214 480 000 0 1.685 295 900 000 0.165 98 0.009 40 0.824 62
438 0.343 121 300 000 0.020 453 920 000 0 1.709 874 500 000 0.165 48 0.009 87 0.824 65
439 0.346 129 600 000 0.021 718 240 000 0 1.730 382 100 000 0.164 96 0.010 35 0.824 69
440 0.348 280 000 000 0.023 000 000 000 0 1.747 060 000 000 0.164 41 0.010 86 0.824 73
441 0.349 599 900 000 0.024 294 610 000 0 1.760 044 600 000 0.163 83 0.011 38 0.824 79
442 0.350 147 400 000 0.025 610 240 000 0 1.769 623 300 000 0.163 21 0.011 94 0.824 85
443 0.350 013 000 000 0.026 958 570 000 0 1.776 263 700 000 0.162 55 0.012 52 0.824 93
444 0.349 287 000 000 0.028 351 250 000 0 1.780 433 400 000 0.161 85 0.013 14 0.825 01
445 0.348 060 000 000 0.029 800 000 000 0 1.782 600 000 000 0.161 11 0.013 79 0.825 10
446 0.346 373 300 000 0.031 310 830 000 0 1.782 968 200 000 0.160 31 0.014 49 0.825 20
447 0.344 262 400 000 0.032 883 680 000 0 1.781 699 800 000 0.159 47 0.015 23 0.825 30
448 0.341 808 800 000 0.034 521 120 000 0 1.779 198 200 000 0.158 57 0.016 02 0.825 41
449 0.339 094 100 000 0.036 225 710 000 0 1.775 867 100 000 0.157 63 0.016 84 0.825 53
450 0.336 200 000 000 0.038 000 000 000 0 1.772 110 000 000 0.156 64 0.017 71 0.825 65
451 0.333 197 700 000 0.039 846 670 000 0 1.768 258 900 000 0.155 60 0.018 61 0.825 79
452 0.330 041 100 000 0.041 768 000 000 0 1.764 039 000 000 0.154 52 0.019 56 0.825 92
453 0.326 635 700 000 0.043 766 000 000 0 1.758 943 800 000 0.153 40 0.020 55 0.826 05
454 0.322 886 800 000 0.045 842 670 000 0 1.752 466 300 000 0.152 22 0.021 61 0.826 17
455 0.318 700 000 000 0.048 000 000 000 0 1.744 100 000 000 0.150 99 0.022 74 0.826 27
456 0.314 025 100 000 0.050 243 680 000 0 1.733 559 500 000 0.149 69 0.023 95 0.826 36
457 0.308 884 000 000 0.052 573 040 000 0 1.720 858 100 000 0.148 34 0.025 25 0.826 41
33
458 0.303 290 400 000 0.054 980 560 000 0 1.705 936 900 000 0.146 93 0.026 63 0.826 44
459 0.297 257 900 000 0.057 458 720 000 0 1.688 737 200 000 0.145 47 0.028 12 0.826 41
460 0.290 800 000 000 0.060 000 000 000 0 1.669 200 000 000 0.143 96 0.029 70 0.826 34
461 0.283 970 100 000 0.062 601 970 000 0 1.647 528 700 000 0.142 41 0.031 39 0.826 20
462 0.276 721 400 000 0.065 277 520 000 0 1.623 412 700 000 0.140 80 0.033 21 0.825 99
463 0.268 917 800 000 0.068 042 080 000 0 1.596 022 300 000 0.139 12 0.035 20 0.825 68
464 0.260 422 700 000 0.070 911 090 000 0 1.564 528 000 000 0.137 37 0.037 40 0.825 23
465 0.251 100 000 000 0.073 900 000 000 0 1.528 100 000 000 0.135 50 0.039 88 0.824 62
466 0.240 847 500 000 0.077 016 000 000 0 1.486 111 400 000 0.133 51 0.042 69 0.823 80
467 0.229 851 200 000 0.080 266 400 000 0 1.439 521 500 000 0.131 37 0.045 88 0.822 75
468 0.218 407 200 000 0.083 666 800 000 0 1.389 879 900 000 0.129 09 0.049 45 0.821 46
469 0.206 811 500 000 0.087 232 800 000 0 1.338 736 200 000 0.126 66 0.053 43 0.819 91
470 0.195 360 000 000 0.090 980 000 000 0 1.287 640 000 000 0.124 12 0.057 80 0.818 08
471 0.184 213 600 000 0.094 917 550 000 0 1.237 422 300 000 0.121 47 0.062 59 0.815 94
472 0.173 327 300 000 0.099 045 840 000 0 1.187 824 300 000 0.118 70 0.067 83 0.813 47
473 0.162 688 100 000 0.103 367 400 000 0 1.138 761 100 000 0.115 81 0.073 58 0.810 61
474 0.152 283 300 000 0.107 884 600 000 0 1.090 148 000 000 0.112 78 0.079 89 0.807 33
475 0.142 100 000 000 0.112 600 000 000 0 1.041 900 000 000 0.109 60 0.086 84 0.803 56
476 0.132 178 600 000 0.117 532 000 000 0 0.994 197 600 000 0.106 26 0.094 49 0.799 25
477 0.122 569 600 000 0.122 674 400 000 0 0.947 347 300 000 0.102 78 0.102 86 0.794 36
478 0.113 275 200 000 0.127 992 800 000 0 0.901 453 100 000 0.099 13 0.112 01 0.788 86
479 0.104 297 900 000 0.133 452 800 000 0 0.856 619 300 000 0.095 31 0.121 94 0.782 75
480 0.095 640 000 000 0.139 020 000 000 0 0.812 950 100 000 0.091 29 0.132 70 0.776 01
481 0.087 299 550 000 0.144 676 400 000 0 0.770 517 300 000 0.087 08 0.144 32 0.768 60
482 0.079 308 040 000 0.150 469 300 000 0 0.729 444 800 000 0.082 68 0.156 87 0.760 45
483 0.071 717 760 000 0.156 461 900 000 0 0.689 913 600 000 0.078 12 0.170 42 0.751 46
484 0.064 580 990 000 0.162 717 700 000 0 0.652 104 900 000 0.073 44 0.185 03 0.741 53
485 0.057 950 010 000 0.169 300 000 000 0 0.616 200 000 000 0.068 71 0.200 72 0.730 57
486 0.051 862 110 000 0.176 243 100 000 0 0.582 328 600 000 0.063 99 0.217 47 0.718 54
487 0.046 281 520 000 0.183 558 100 000 0 0.550 416 200 000 0.059 32 0.235 25 0.705 43
488 0.041 150 880 000 0.191 273 500 000 0 0.520 337 600 000 0.054 67 0.254 09 0.691 24
489 0.036 412 830 000 0.199 418 000 000 0 0.491 967 300 000 0.050 03 0.274 00 0.675 97
490 0.032 010 000 000 0.208 020 000 000 0 0.465 180 000 000 0.045 39 0.294 98 0.659 63
491 0.027 917 200 000 0.217 119 900 000 0 0.439 924 600 000 0.040 76 0.316 98 0.642 26
492 0.024 144 400 000 0.226 734 500 000 0 0.416 183 600 000 0.036 20 0.339 90 0.623 90
493 0.020 687 000 000 0.236 857 100 000 0 0.393 882 200 000 0.031 76 0.363 60 0.604 64
494 0.017 540 400 000 0.247 481 200 000 0 0.372 945 900 000 0.027 49 0.387 92 0.584 59
495 0.014 700 000 000 0.258 600 000 000 0 0.353 300 000 000 0.023 46 0.412 70 0.563 84
496 0.012 161 790 000 0.270 184 900 000 0 0.334 857 800 000 0.019 70 0.437 76 0.542 54
497 0.009 919 960 000 0.282 293 900 000 0 0.317 552 100 000 0.016 27 0.462 95 0.520 78
498 0.007 967 240 000 0.295 050 500 000 0 0.301 337 500 000 0.013 18 0.488 21 0.498 61
499 0.006 296 346 000 0.308 578 000 000 0 0.286 168 600 000 0.010 48 0.513 40 0.476 12
500 0.004 900 000 000 0.323 000 000 000 0 0.272 000 000 000 0.008 17 0.538 42 0.453 41
501 0.003 777 173 000 0.338 402 100 000 0 0.258 817 100 000 0.006 28 0.563 07 0.430 65
502 0.002 945 320 000 0.354 685 800 000 0 0.246 483 800 000 0.004 87 0.587 12 0.408 01
503 0.002 424 880 000 0.371 698 600 000 0 0.234 771 800 000 0.003 98 0.610 45 0.385 57
504 0.002 236 293 000 0.389 287 500 000 0 0.223 453 300 000 0.003 64 0.633 01 0.363 35
505 0.002 400 000 000 0.407 300 000 000 0 0.212 300 000 000 0.003 86 0.654 82 0.341 32
506 0.002 925 520 000 0.425 629 900 000 0 0.201 169 200 000 0.004 64 0.675 90 0.319 46
507 0.003 836 560 000 0.444 309 600 000 0 0.190 119 600 000 0.006 01 0.696 12 0.297 87
34
508 0.005 174 840 000 0.463 394 400 000 0 0.179 225 400 000 0.007 99 0.715 34 0.276 67
509 0.006 982 080 000 0.482 939 500 000 0 0.168 560 800 000 0.010 60 0.733 41 0.255 99
510 0.009 300 000 000 0.503 000 000 000 0 0.158 200 000 000 0.013 87 0.750 19 0.235 94
511 0.012 149 490 000 0.523 569 300 000 0 0.148 138 300 000 0.017 77 0.765 61 0.216 62
512 0.015 535 880 000 0.544 512 000 000 0 0.138 375 800 000 0.022 24 0.779 63 0.198 13
513 0.019 477 520 000 0.565 690 000 000 0 0.128 994 200 000 0.027 27 0.792 11 0.180 62
514 0.023 992 770 000 0.586 965 300 000 0 0.120 075 100 000 0.032 82 0.802 93 0.164 25
515 0.029 100 000 000 0.608 200 000 000 0 0.111 700 000 000 0.038 85 0.812 02 0.149 13
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739 0.000 743 396 000 0.000 268 453 900 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
740 0.000 690 078 600 0.000 249 200 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
741 0.000 640 515 600 0.000 231 301 900 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
742 0.000 594 502 100 0.000 214 685 600 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
743 0.000 551 864 600 0.000 199 288 400 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
744 0.000 512 429 000 0.000 185 047 500 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
745 0.000 476 021 300 0.000 171 900 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
746 0.000 442 453 600 0.000 159 778 100 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
747 0.000 411 511 700 0.000 148 604 400 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
748 0.000 382 981 400 0.000 138 301 600 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
749 0.000 356 649 100 0.000 128 792 500 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
750 0.000 332 301 100 0.000 120 000 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
751 0.000 309 758 600 0.000 111 859 500 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
752 0.000 288 887 100 0.000 104 322 400 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
753 0.000 269 539 400 0.000 097 335 600 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
754 0.000 251 568 200 0.000 090 845 870 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
755 0.000 234 826 100 0.000 084 800 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
756 0.000 219 171 000 0.000 079 146 670 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
757 0.000 204 525 800 0.000 073 858 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
39
758 0.000 190 840 500 0.000 068 916 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
759 0.000 178 065 400 0.000 064 302 670 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
760 0.000 166 150 500 0.000 060 000 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
761 0.000 155 023 600 0.000 055 981 870 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
762 0.000 144 621 900 0.000 052 225 600 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
763 0.000 134 909 800 0.000 048 718 400 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
764 0.000 125 852 000 0.000 045 447 470 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
765 0.000 117 413 000 0.000 042 400 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
766 0.000 109 551 500 0.000 039 561 040 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
767 0.000 102 224 500 0.000 036 915 120 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
768 0.000 095 394 450 0.000 034 448 680 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
769 0.000 089 023 900 0.000 032 148 160 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
770 0.000 083 075 270 0.000 030 000 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
771 0.000 077 512 690 0.000 027 991 250 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
772 0.000 072 313 040 0.000 026 113 560 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
773 0.000 067 457 780 0.000 024 360 240 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
774 0.000 062 928 440 0.000 022 724 610 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
775 0.000 058 706 520 0.000 021 200 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
776 0.000 054 770 280 0.000 019 778 550 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
777 0.000 051 099 180 0.000 018 452 850 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
778 0.000 047 676 540 0.000 017 216 870 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
779 0.000 044 485 670 0.000 016 064 590 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
780 0.000 041 509 940 0.000 014 990 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
781 0.000 038 733 240 0.000 013 987 280 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
782 0.000 036 142 030 0.000 013 051 550 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
783 0.000 033 723 520 0.000 012 178 180 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
784 0.000 031 464 870 0.000 011 362 540 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
785 0.000 029 353 260 0.000 010 600 000 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
786 0.000 027 375 730 0.000 009 885 877 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
787 0.000 025 524 330 0.000 009 217 304 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
788 0.000 023 793 760 0.000 008 592 362 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
789 0.000 022 178 700 0.000 008 009 133 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
790 0.000 020 673 830 0.000 007 465 700 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
791 0.000 019 272 260 0.000 006 959 567 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
792 0.000 017 966 400 0.000 006 487 995 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
793 0.000 016 749 910 0.000 006 048 699 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
794 0.000 015 616 480 0.000 005 639 396 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
795 0.000 014 559 770 0.000 005 257 800 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
796 0.000 013 573 870 0.000 004 901 771 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
797 0.000 012 654 360 0.000 004 569 720 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
798 0.000 011 797 230 0.000 004 260 194 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
799 0.000 010 998 440 0.000 003 971 739 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
800 0.000 010 253 980 0.000 003 702 900 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
801 0.000 009 559 646 0.000 003 452 163 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
802 0.000 008 912 044 0.000 003 218 302 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
803 0.000 008 308 358 0.000 003 000 300 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
804 0.000 007 745 769 0.000 002 797 139 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
805 0.000 007 221 456 0.000 002 607 800 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
806 0.000 006 732 475 0.000 002 431 220 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
807 0.000 006 276 423 0.000 002 266 531 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
40
808 0.000 005 851 304 0.000 002 113 013 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
809 0.000 005 455 118 0.000 001 969 943 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
810 0.000 005 085 868 0.000 001 836 600 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
811 0.000 004 741 466 0.000 001 712 230 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
812 0.000 004 420 236 0.000 001 596 228 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
813 0.000 004 120 783 0.000 001 488 090 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
814 0.000 003 841 716 0.000 001 387 314 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
815 0.000 003 581 652 0.000 001 293 400 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
816 0.000 003 339 127 0.000 001 205 820 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
817 0.000 003 112 949 0.000 001 124 143 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
818 0.000 002 902 121 0.000 001 048 009 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
819 0.000 002 705 645 0.000 000 977 057 8 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
820 0.000 002 522 525 0.000 000 910 930 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
821 0.000 002 351 726 0.000 000 849 251 3 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
822 0.000 002 192 415 0.000 000 791 721 2 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
823 0.000 002 043 902 0.000 000 738 090 4 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
824 0.000 001 905 497 0.000 000 688 109 8 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
825 0.000 001 776 509 0.000 000 641 530 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
826 0.000 001 656 215 0.000 000 598 089 5 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
827 0.000 001 544 022 0.000 000 557 574 6 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
828 0.000 001 439 440 0.000 000 519 808 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
829 0.000 001 341 977 0.000 000 484 612 3 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
830 0.000 001 251 141 0.000 000 451 810 0 0.000 000 000 000 0.734 69 0.265 31 0.000 00
41
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42

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Rapport BIPM-2019/05

BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES

PRINCIPLES GOVERNING PHOTOMETRY

Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 SÈVRES Cedex, France

Principles Governing Photometry

2.1 luminous flux

where Q v is the luminous energy emitted, transferred or received and t is time

2.2 luminous intensity

where K m is maximum luminous efficacy, I e, λ ( λ ) is the spectral radiant intensity at

Hence, luminance is often considered as a quotient of averaged quantities; the area,

where K m is maximum luminous efficacy, E e, λ ( λ ) is the spectral irradiance at

The frequency in the candela definition of 540 × 10 Hz, denoted as ν cd , corresponds to a

4 Spectral luminous efficiency functions

4.1 Photopic vision

4.2 Scotopic vision

4.3 Mesopic vision

4.4 10° photopic vision

4.5 Use of these spectral luminous efficiency functions

5 Photometric quantity names and symbols

5.1 Photometric quantities for photopic vision

• (photopic) luminous flux, Φ v

• (photopic) luminous intensity, I v

5.2 Photometric quantities for scotopic vision

• scotopic luminous flux, Φv′

• scotopic luminous intensity, Ι v′

• scotopic luminance, L′v

5.3 Photometric quantities for mesopic vision

• mesopic luminous flux, Φmes;m

• mesopic luminous intensity, I mes;m

• mesopic illuminance, E mes;m

• mesopic luminance, Lmes;m

where m is a coefficient (0 ≤ m ≤ 1) determined by the visual adaptation level. The value of m

5.4 Photometric quantities for 10° photopic vision

• 10° luminous flux, Φ 10

5.5 Photometric quantities for other observers

6 Basic equations relating photometric quantities to radiometric quantities

6.1 General equation

K cd is the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 ×

candela (555.017 nm in standard air).

6.2 (Photopic) luminous flux

Φv is the luminous flux;

Other photopic photometric quantities (e.g. luminance, illuminance, luminous intensity)

Other scotopic photometric quantities (e.g. scotopic luminance, scotopic illuminance,

K cd is the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 ×

candela (555.017 nm in standard air).

Φmes;m = K m,mes;m ∫λ Φe,λ (λ ) Vmes;m (λ ) dλ (9)

The values of K m,mes;m are given in Table 4 for representative values of m.

m( n −1) Lv,adapt + (1 − m( n −1) ) L′v,adapt V ′(λm )

mn =a + b log10 ( Lmes,n ) for 0 ≤ m n ≤ 1 , (11)

6.5 Luminous flux for 10° photopic vision

Φ10 = K m,10 ∫λ Φe,λ (λ ) V10 (λ ) dλ (12)

= K cd ⋅ V10 (λm,10 ) / V10 (λcd )

candela (555.017 nm in standard air).

7 Relating photochemical and photobiological quantities to photometric

8.2 Tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates

Where X, Y, Z are the tristimulus values.

NOTE In the special case of X = x (λ ) , Y = y (λ ) , Z = z (λ ) the chromaticity coordinates are denoted by

Luminance is intended to correlate with the perception of brightness. However, in photopic

Table 1 – Values of spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision, V( λ )