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Physical State Composition Pure Substance or Mixtures

This document provides an overview of general chemistry and the classification of matter. It discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and how matter can be classified based on its physical composition as either elements, compounds, or mixtures. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements bonded together. Mixtures maintain their individual chemical identities when combined. The document also describes different types of mixtures and several methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, distillation, and chromatography. Chromatography in particular can be used in forensic analysis to separate chemical components in samples like blood or cloth.

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Rachel Villasis
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views

Physical State Composition Pure Substance or Mixtures

This document provides an overview of general chemistry and the classification of matter. It discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and how matter can be classified based on its physical composition as either elements, compounds, or mixtures. Elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, while compounds are made of two or more elements bonded together. Mixtures maintain their individual chemical identities when combined. The document also describes different types of mixtures and several methods for separating mixtures, including filtration, distillation, and chromatography. Chromatography in particular can be used in forensic analysis to separate chemical components in samples like blood or cloth.

Uploaded by

Rachel Villasis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1: LESSON 1 MATTER Why some identify gas as liquid?

It is gasoline not gas


a state of matter.
Chemistry: provides important understanding of our
world right now, how life goes on a daily basis. the
science that deals with the composition and properties
Composition of Matter
of substances and various elementary forms of matter. 
 A sample of matter can be element, compound or
Mixture
Classification of Matter  Pure substance or mixtures.
 According to its physical state, as a gas, liquid and
1. Element 
solid
 Are substances that cannot be decomposed into
 According to its composition as an element,
simper substance.
compound or mixture.
 One kind of atom
 Can be found in the periodic table
Physical State of Matter: Observable Properties

 A sample of matter can be solid, liquid or gas.


 These three forms of matter are called the state of
matter.
 These states of matter differ in some of their simple
observable properties.

2. Compound 
 Are composed of two or more elements.
 Two kind of atom.
- Has a structure that is why it has shape.

3. Mixture 
 Are combinations of two or more substance.
- Has no structure. Can be distinct but has no shape.  Retain its own chemical identity and hence its
properties.
How can you identify if a substance is a compound or a
mixture? Mixture is a combination of compounds.

- It cannot be distinct by our naked eye.


2. Distillation
 The process of evaporating or boiling a liquid
and condensing its vapor. purification or
separation of mixture by using different
evaporation rates or boiling points of their
components.
Ex. Lemon juice and sugar. Extracting the
liquids. The vapor will be what’s left after it is
boiled it will become a liquid (example like
alcohol)

 Types of Mixture
 Homogenous Mixture
Greek: “Homos” translated to Homo means “same”

- Is any mixture in which the substance has uniform


appearance; hence, the individual components of
these mixtures cannot be distinguished from one
another.
Example: Lemon juice and soft drinks are homogenous
because the components of these mixtures cannot be
distinguished from one another. Also, lemon juice
sachet with water. Also, salt.

 Heterogenous Mixture
Greek: “heteros” translated to Hetero means “different”

- Any mixture in which the substances are not


distributed evenly and do not have a uniform
composition.
Example: Vegetable salad and a mixture of sand and
water is an example of heterogenous because the
components of these mixtures are still visible.
3. Chromatography
 The separation of a mixture by passing it in
 Separation of Mixtures solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in
1. Filtration gas chromatography) through a medium in
 The process of separating suspended solid which the components move at different
matter from a liquid, by causing the latter to rates. The separation is by water.
pass through the pores of some substance,
called a filter. Filtering large junk (residue) is
prescribed and not dissolved substances.

 Use of Chromatography
1. Forensic Examination/chromatography
 This can take the form of crime scene testing
(the analysis of blood or cloth samples),
arson verification (identifying the chemicals
responsible for a fire to see whether there
was foul play) or blood testing after death to
determine levels of alcohol, drugs or
poisonous substances in the body

2. Separation of Black pigment


 Separating the component of black until it
fades.

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