Module 1: NUMBERS AND NUMBER SENSE

Lesson 1: SETS
Learning Competency 3.2: Use Venn diagram to represent sets, subsets and set
operations.
I – OBJECTIVES
a. Describe and define set operations ( union and intersection of sets)
b. Perform the set operations (union and intersection of sets)
c. Use Venn diagrams to represent the union and intersection of sets.
d. Value accumulated knowledge as means of new understanding.
II – SUBJECT MATTER
Topic: SETS
Subtopic: Set Operations and Venn diagram.
Materials: Activity sheets
References: TG-G7 pp.5-9, MSA Elem. Algebra pp.4-6.Grade 7 Mathematics
Patterns and Practicalities by Gladys S. Nivera, pp. 18-20
III – PROCEDURE
A. Preliminaries:
Motivational Activity:

CANTEEN BREAK!

Two students, Kathryn and Daniel, ordered their meal at recess. Kathryn ordered her
usual meal ; puto, spaghetti, and iced tea while Daniel has puto, pansit and
sago. Which common food do they both ordered? Which foods does either Kathryn
or Daniel ordered, or both? How many foods are there?

Kathryn’s meal order Daniel’s meal order

A= {puto, spaghetti, iced tea} B= {puto, pancit, sago}
B. Lesson Proper
1. Teaching/Modeling
Developmental Activity
Examples 1: Find the union of the given pairs of sets.

a) A = {1,2,3} B = {3,4,5,6}
b) X = {2,4,6} Y=∅
c) M = {a,b,c} N = {x,y,z}

Solution:
a) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
b) 𝑋 ∪ 𝑌 = {2,4,6}
c) 𝑀 ∪ 𝑁 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧}

Example 2: Find the intersection of the given pairs of sets.

a) A = {m,a,p} B = {n,o,t,e}
b) E = {2,4,6,8,10} F = {4,8,12,16}
c) H = {h,a,t} J = {m,a,t,h,s}

Solution:
a) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = ∅ since no element is common to the given sets
b) 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {4,8} since 4 and 8 are in both sets.
c) 𝐻 ∩ 𝐽 = {ℎ, 𝑎, 𝑡} since h, a, and t are in both sets

From the previous activity we can represent the union and intersection of the
given sets by Venn diagram

Example 1: Illustrating the union of sets using Venn Diagram

a) b) c)
A B X Y M N
1 4 6 b y
3 5 4 a x
2 6 2 c z

Notice that although 3 is a member of both sets A and B in Example 1(a), it is

listed only once in the union of the two sets.

In Example 1(b), 2, 4 and 6 are the members of both sets X and Y since Y is
an empty set.

In Example 1(c) all elements a, b, c, x, y and z are in the union of sets M and
N
Example 2: Illustrating the union of sets using Venn Diagram
c)

a) b)

M N
m n
a o t
p e

Observe that figure a) shows that two sets are disjoint if and only if their
intersection is an empty set.

The shaded part in figure b) is the intersection of two sets.

Figure c) shows that intersection of sets H and J is inside set J,since all the
element of set H are in set J it is also considered that
𝐻 ⊂ 𝐽 (𝐻 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐽).

2. Analysis

a. In example 1, can you tell the elements in either of the sets A or B?

b. What are the elements of set X or set Y? How about the members of either
set M or set N or both?

c. In Example 2, can you tell the elements that are common to both sets in a),
b); and c)?

d) By illustrating the sets using Venn diagrams, describe the union and the
intersection of sets.

3. Guided Practice

Let: V = {2x|x ∈ I, 1 < x < 4}

W = { x2| x ∈ I, -2 < x < 2}
Question:

1. What elements are found in the intersection of V and W? How many are
there ?
2. What elements are found in the union of V and W? How many are there?
4. Independent Practice

Given Sets A and B

Draw Venn diagram and determine the following sets:

Set A Set B
Students who likes ABS-CBN Students who likes GMA-7 shows
shows
Kim James
James Marianne
Kath Luis
Angel Regine
Luis Kim

a) 𝑈 = ___________________________ 𝑛(𝑈) = __________________

b) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = ______________________ 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = _____________

c) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = ______________________ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = _____________

5. Generalization

The Venn diagram at the left shows two sets

A and B that overlap. The universal set is U.
Values that belong to both set A and set B
are located in the center region labeled
𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 where the circles overlap.

This region is called the “intersection” of

the two sets. The intersection of two sets A
and B, written 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, is the set of all elements common to sets A and B.
Thus 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 is the set of elements found in both A and B
(Intersection is where the two sets intersect, or overlap).

NOTE*: Sets whose intersection is an empty set are called disjoint sets

The notation 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 represents the entire region covered by both sets A and B
(and the section where they overlap). This region is called the “union” of the
two sets.

The union of two sets A and B, written 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, is the set which consists of all
elements that belong either to A or to B or to both A and B.

Informally, 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 is formed by putting all elements of A and B together

 (Union like marriage, brings all of both sets together.)
The word “or” suggests union. In fact, “or” is to union as “and” is to
intersection.

The cardinality of the union of two sets is given by the following equation:

𝒏(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) = 𝒏(𝑨) + 𝒏(𝑩) − 𝒏(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)

The notion of set union is the basis for the addition of all elements, but only
when disjoint sets are used. But if there is an intersection, the number of
elements in the intersection must be subtracted from the sum of elements of
the two sets.

Union and intersection are called set operations because they replace two
sets with a third set.

6. Application
If you are given these sets:
Set A = {1,2,3,4,5} Set B = {2,4,6} Set C = {1,3,6}

Illustrate by Venn diagram and answer the following:

1. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 4. 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶
2. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 5. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶
3. 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 6. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶
What elements are in the universal set?
7. Assessment
A. Fill in the blank with ∈, ∪, ∩,or ⊆.
a. {a, b, c} _____ {c, d} = {a, b, c, d} c. a _____ {a, b, c}
b. {b, c, d, e} _____ {{b, e, f, g} = {b, e} d. {a, b, c} _____ {a. b. c}

B. The illustration shows the number of students who play Clash of Clans
(COC) and League of Legends (LOL)
 1. How many students play either CoCs or LoL?

2. How many students play LoL?

3. How many students do not play LoL?

4. How many students play CoC?

5. How many students do not play CoC?

6. How many students only play CoC and LoL?

7. How many students do not play either of the games?

IV. ASSIGNMENT

1. Define set complement and set difference.

Look for LM Guide pp. 10

Electronic Sources:

http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/math/algebra/ap2/lvenn.htm
ANSWER KEY

GUIDED PRACTICE

Solution1:

Steps: 1.List all the elements of set V and W

V= {2,4,6,8} W = {0,1,4}
2. Look at the two sets and find a common element. That is the
intersection of your sets : 𝑉 ∩ 𝑊 = __________
3. List all the elements of both sets but make sure that the elements are
written only once. That is the intersection of the sets: 𝑉 ∪ 𝑊 = _________

Solution 2:

Steps: 1. Illustrate the union and intersection using Venn diagram

2. List all the elements of set V and W
V= {2,4,6,8} W = {0,1,4}
a. Look for a common elements of sets V and W on the list then write it
in the overlapping part of the circles.

b. List the remaining elements of set V in circle V. List the remaining

elements of set W in circle W.

c. Check the elements in Venn Diagram against the list in Step 2.

Compare and count the number of elements in the list against the
elements in your Venn diagram, if they are the same, then you have
drawn the correct illustration.

d. Now you can write the correct notation of the set operation and solve
just by looking at your Venn diagram

Answer:
 1. 𝑉 ∩ 𝑊 = {4}, has 1 element
2. 𝑉 ∪ 𝑊 = {0,1,2,4,6,8}, has 6 elements

*Note:
The element {4} is counted only once.

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE

a. 𝑈 = {𝐾𝑖𝑚, 𝐽𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝐾𝑎𝑡ℎ, 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑙, 𝐿𝑢𝑖𝑠, 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒, 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒} 𝑛 (𝑈 ) = 7

b. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {𝐾𝑖𝑚, 𝐽𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝐾𝑎𝑡ℎ, 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑙, 𝐿𝑢𝑖𝑠, 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒, 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒} 𝑛 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) = 7

c. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐽𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑠, 𝐿𝑢𝑖𝑠, 𝐾𝑖𝑚} 𝑛 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) = 2

APPLICATION

1. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

2. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {2,4}

3. 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 = {1,2,3,4,6}

4. 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 = {6}

5. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

6. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = {1,3}

U= {1,2,3,4,5,6}

ASSESSMENT
A. a. ∪

b. ∈

c.∩

d.⊆

B. 1. 37

2. 24

3. 17

4. 30

5. 11

6. 17

7. 4