EXPERIMENT 1: BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

NAME: Daffa Madri Atha

MATRIC NUMBER: 201438

DEMO : NUR FATIMA’ AL-ZAHARA’ BINTI TUAN MOHAMOOD

LECTURE’S NAME : Dr. Ili Syazana Johari

DATE : 29 October 2021

OBJECTIVE
At the of this lab session student must be able to:
1. Can use the weighing balance and volume apparatus properly
2. Write the accuracy of the apparatus correctly.

INTRODUCTION
Chemistry is a science that is learned via experimentation. The experiment that was
carried out necessitated careful observation and the application of good laboratory techniques.
The laboratory course will lay the groundwork for future chemistry by requiring mastery of the
techniques, concepts, and calculations presented. Mass measurement, volume transfer, solution
preparation and dilution, titration, and qualitative analysis are all critical methods that must be
performed safely while balancing precision and speed. The right use of equipment for
measuring various physical attributes is critical. This may include interpolation and estimating
the distance between the points on a scale, as well as utilizing the proper number of significant
figures when reporting measured data quantities.

a) Volumetric flask
One of the most basic pieces equipment used in measuring volume is volumetric flask.
A volumetric flask (measuring flask or graduated flask) is a piece of laboratory glassware, a
type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a precise volume at a particular temperature.
Volumetric flasks are used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. These
flasks are usually pear-shaped, with a flat bottom, and made of glass or plastic. The marking
indicates the volume of liquid contained when filled up to that point. The volumetric flask must
always wash and pre-rinse with the solvent before using it.

B). Pipette

A pipette or chemical dropper is a laboratory tool commonly used to transport measured

volume of liquid. Pipette come in several designed for various purposes with different level of
accurancy and precision. Many pipette types work by creating a partial vacuum above the
liquid-holding chamber and selectively releasing this vacuum to draw up and dispense liquid.
Measurement accurancy varies greatly depending on the style. The pipette must always wash
and pre-rinse with the solvent before using it.

C) Burette

A burette is a vertical cylindrical piece of laboratory glassware with a volumetric graduation

on its full length and precision tap or stopcock, on the bottom. It is used to dispense known
amounts of a liquid reagent in experiments for which precision is necessary, such as a titration
experiment. Burette are extremely accurate a 50-mL burette has a tolerance of 0.1mL or 0.06
mL. The difference between starting and final volume is the amount dispensed. The spacing
between the lines will allow you to estimate the volume to the nearest 0.01mL.Thus, typical
burette readings would be two decimal points for example,9.20mL or 16.5mL are not
acceptable.

METHODOLOGY
DATA AND CALCULATION

BALANCE A (0.1 READING READING READING AVERAGE

g) 1 2 3
NO.

1. Mass of weighing 26.0 26.0 26.0 26

bottle (empty)

2. Mass of weighing 27.8 27.8 27.8 27.8

bottle + 1 coin

3. Mass of 1 coin 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

4. Mass of weighing 43.5 43.5 43.5 43.5
bottle + 10 coins

5. Mass of 10 coins 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5

6. Mass of 1 coin 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75

(from no. 5)

BALANCE B READING READING READING AVERAGE

(0.001 g) 1 2 3
NO.

1. Mass of weighing 26.019 26.017 26.018 26.018

bottle (empty)

2. Mass of weighing 27.749 27.747 27.749 27.749

bottle + 1 coin

3. Mass of 1 coin 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73

4. Mass of weighing 43.498 43.498 43.497 43.497

bottle + 10 coins

5. Mass of 10 coins 17.479 17.481 17.479 17.479

6. Mass of 1 coin 1,747 1.748 1,747 1.747

(from no. 5)

FLASK A FLASK B
NO.

1. Mass of empty flask, g 56.4345 59.1420

2. Burette (initial), mL 50 54

3. Burette (final), mL 25 27

4. Volume of water (from 2 & 3), mL 5 7

 5. Mass of flask + water, g 81.4613 86.142

6. Mass of water, g 25.0268 27

7. Volume of water from beaker, mL 25 26

8. Mass of water from beaker, g 25.0708 26,0809

9. Mass of empty flask, g 56.4345 59.1420

10. Pipette (initial), mL 15 25

11. Pipette (final), mL 0 0

12. Volume of water (from 10 & 11), mL 7 9

13. Mass of flask + water, g 81.4613 84.1199

14. Mass of water, g 25.0268 27

15. Volume of water from graduated cylinder, mL 20 25

16. Mass of water from graduated cylinder, g 20 25

Percentage of error from Burette : A = 11.2869 - 1 x 100% = 10.2869 %

1
B = 8.4489 - 1 x 100% = 7. 4489 %
1
Percentage of error from pipette : A = 8.0620 - 1 x 100% = 7.0620 %
1
B = 6. 5714 – 1 x 100 % = 5.5714 %
1
Percentage of error from Beaker : A = 1.0028 – 1 – x 100% = 0.0028 %
1
 B = 1.0032 – 1 x 100% = 0.0032 %
1
Percentage of Error from Greaduated Cylinder: A = 1 %
B=1%

DISCUSSION
Quantitative measurement is data measurement that can be expressed numerically
Because the purpose of quantitative measurement is to do statistical analysis, data must be
numerical. Then, density of water is the weight of water per unit volume, which varies
according to the temperature of the water. In most calculations, 1 gram per milliliter (1 g/ml)
or 1 gram per cubic centimeter (1 g/cm3) is used. While the density can be rounded to 1 gram
per milliliter, there are more accurate values available. Last, Accuracy refers to an instrument's
capacity to measure an exact value. In other words, the measure's resemblance to a standard or
genuine value. Taking modest readings yields accuracy. The little reading decreases the
calculation's inaccuracy and precision The closeness of two or more measurements to each
other is known as the precision of a substance. If you weigh a given substance five times and
get 3.2 kg each time, then your measurement is very precise but not necessarily accurate.
Precision is independent of accuracy.

From the calculation and data the most accurate for weigh the coin is use the electronic
balanced. Because, the electronic balance can weigh gentle from 1 coin to 10 coin in the bottle
and the balance that is easily to use from balance A it because, the measure mass its 0.1g. For
the balance B the measure mass is 0.001g it makes the data have many decimal numbers.

Based on my data the percentage of error from all apparatus its different. From, the all
burette has 17.7358 % total of percentage of error, the pipette has 12.6334% percentage of
error, the beaker has 0.006 % of percentage of error and last the graduated cylinder has 2 %
total of percentage error. The most precise apparatus to calculated the density its from the
graduated cylinder because, the graduated cylinder has an accurate number to calculated the
density.
CONCLUSION
From this experiment, it helped us to know how to use the basic laboratory apparatus
in measurement. In term of the use of measurements, we learned how to compute the accuracy
and the precision of the results proper way in reporting in significant figures. In performing
this experiment, we are required to have a careful and keen observation plus proper and right
laboratory techniques and operations to obtain correct results. Furthermore, using the correct
formulas in computing accuracy, precision and reporting it on a right way by using the rules
on scientific notation.

PRECAUTION
1. When getting solutions for your experiments or stains for experiments or observations,
put the containers or bottles back in their designated place after you have used them.
2. Wash all glassware and put it back where you found it.
3. Maintenance and regular inspection of laboratory equipment are essential parts of this
activity.

REFERENCES

A. (2021, March 22). General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) Guidelines

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What’s the difference between experimental and theoretical value? (2017). Quora.

https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-difference-between-experimental-and-theoretical-

value

Study.com | Take Online Courses. Earn College Credit. Research Schools, Degrees &

Careers. (2017). Study. https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-difference-between-

qualitative-quantitative-measurement.html