INTELLIGENT CLOUD BASED REMOTE ELECTRICITY METERING

AND BILLING SYSTEM OVER IOT

Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment

of the requirements of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
branch
by
student name roll no

Under the Supervision of

Guide name

Collage logo

2020-21

Collage name

1|Page
 ABSTRACT

This paper gives an overview of

current wireless charging
technologies on electric vehicles
(EVs) charging. In
general, the near-eld technologies
are preferred over far-eld ones.
Inductive power transfer and
strongly cou-
pled magnetic resonance
technologies are chosen for detailed
review. Furthermore, special issues
related to EV
applications are also discussed,
namely efcient power supply,
misalignment tolerance, multiple
pick-up control,
simultaneous power and data
transmission and shielding methods
2|Page
  The nation and world is facing a huge problem today of
disposal, segregation and recycling of solid waste, and
improper management of these wastes are hazardous and
dangerous to human health and ecological system.
 There is a rapid increase in capacity and categories of solid
waste as a result of urbanization, constant economic growth,
and industrialization.
 Global Waste Management Market reported that the amount
of waste generated worldwide produced is 2.02 billion tones.
“Wastes are not always waste if it is segregated as it was”.
 To properly manage the waste it has to be handled, segregated,
transported and disposed so as to reduce the risks to the public
lives and sustainable environmental .
 The economic value of waste is best comprehended when it is
segregated. Currently there is no such system employed of
segregation of glass and plastic wastes at industrial level.
 This project proposes an Automation of Waste material
Segregation in scrap industry.
 This method is easy and simple solution of segregation of two
types of wastes glass and plastic.
 It is designed to sort the trash into waste like plastic waste and
glass waste ready to be processed separately for the next
process of operation.
 Experimental results show that the segregation of waste into
plastic and glass waste has been successfully implemented
using the Automation of material segregation (AMS) method.

INDEX

3|Page
 SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1 Problem statement

1.2 Objectives

1.3 Scope

1.4 Methodology

2. Literature review

3. System description

3.1Working principle

3.2 System components

4. Calculations

6. Advantages and disadvantages

7. Applications

8. Future scope

9. Conclusion

10. References

1.INTRODUCTION
4|Page
  The generation and disposal of waste in large quantities has created a
greater concern over time for the world which is adversely affecting the
human lives and environmental conditions.[1].
 People became adapted to tossing things away and never realize the
consequences of their action.
 The common method of disposal of the industrial waste is by
uncontrolled and unplanned, and exposed dumping at the river sites and
open areas.
 This method is injurious to plants, human health and animal life.
 This liquid leachate generated because of improper disposal and mixed
waste contaminates land, water at surface and ground that becomes
source of harmful diseases and degrades value of environment and
other resources of nature. [2:4].
 The waste becomes valuable if it is segregated and recycled the recent
advancements in technology [3] has also made waste to become useful
entity with conversion of waste to different forms and harness energy
such as Waste to Energy, in this conversion method the waste can be
employed to generate synthetic gas (syngas) made up of carbon
monoxide and hydrogen.

 The gas after burning can be used to produce steam and electricity;
Waste to Fuel, for generation of bio fuels. When the waste is segregated

into The generation and

basic streams.

disposal of waste in large

quantities has
created a greater concern over time
for the world which is
adversely affecting the human lives
and environmental
5|Page
conditions. [1]. Wastes are the one
which grows with the
growth of the country. Segregation
of waste is important for
proper disposal of vast amount of
garbage modern society
produces in an environmentally
sensible mode. People became
adapted to tossing things away and
never realize the
consequences of their action. The
common method of disposal
of the industrial waste is by
uncontrolled and unplanned, and
exposed dumping at the river sites
and open areas. This
method is injurious to plants, human
health and animal life.
This liquid leachate generated
because of improper disposal
6|Page
and mixed waste contaminates land,
water at surface and
ground that becomes source of
harmful diseases and degrades
value of environment and other
resources of nature.
[2:4]. The waste becomes valuable if
it is segregated and
recycled the recent advancements in
technology [3] has also
made waste to become useful entity
with conversion of waste
to different forms and harness energy
such as Waste to
Energy, in this conversion method
the waste can be employed
to generate synthetic gas (syngas)
made up of carbon
monoxide and hydrogen. The gas
after burning can be used to
7|Page
produce steam and electricity; Waste
to Fuel, for generation of
bio fuels.
When the waste is segregated into
basic streams. The metallic
waste could be reused or recycled.
Even though there are large
scale industrial waste segregators
present, it is always much
better to segregate the waste at the
source itself. The benefits
of doing so are that a higher quality
of the material is retained
for recycling which means that more
value could be recovered
from the waste [3]. The occupational
hazard for waste workers
is reduced. Also, the segregated
waste could be directly sent to

8|Page
the recycling and processing plant
instead of sending it to the
segregation plant then to the
recycling plant.
Currently there is no system of
segregation of glass, plastic
and metallic wastes at an industry.
J.S. Bajaj [4] has suggested
that a least cost, most appropriate
technological option for safe
management should be developed.
The purpose of this project
is the realization of a compact, low
cost and user friendly
segregation system for urban
households to streamline the
waste management process.

9|Page
 1.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT

 Poor waste management has caused an increase in landfilling

and dumping sites that instigated pollution and a waste of
recyclable materials that can be used for recycling or
remanufacturing.
 Wastes are the one which grows with the growth of the country.
 Segregation of waste is important for proper disposal of vast amount of
garbage modern society produces in an environmentally sensible mode.

10 | P a g e
 1.2.OBJECTIVES

 The main sources of waste are industrial and domestic waste. This project mainly
concentrates on domestic waste whose value is unrecognized since people don’t
spend time on segregating waste into their basic streams.
 The wet waste generated can be used to generate biogas, metallic and dry waste can
be send for recycling, if metallic waste is left untreated then it becomes a threat to
animal and plant lives.
 If waste is separated at household level then they can be directly sent for recycling
instead of sending them to industries first for segregation which becomes a huge
task and the waste does not get segregated accurately.
 The methods adopted for waste segregation in industries is hazardous to human
health since it makes use of x-rays and infrared rays. The environmental risks
associated with poor waste management are well known and understood.
 The main aim of the project is to segregate waste at source level to wet, dry and
metallic such that waste is not wasted but there value is understood and can be
converted to a source of energy, in a cost effective way.

11 | P a g e
 1.3. Methodology
The method used to carry out this project is the principle of serial communication in
collaboration with embedded system. The project has a electric meter which will work and a
GSM modem which is the latest technology used for communication between MODEM and
embedded systems.

The modem will send a message as and when desired to the electricity officials through
Subscriber Identity Module inserted inside the MODEM.

12 | P a g e
 2. LITRATURESURVEY

In order to overcome the problems of the existing traditional meter reading system , efforts
are underway around the world to automate the meter reading systems and to provide
comprehensive information to the consumer for efficient use of utilities.

Researchers have proposed different implementation techniques for AMR. One is the SMS-
based Reconfigurable Automatic Meter Reading System which uses the GSM network for
sending the ARM data.

The other technique is secure and scalable automated reading system which uses the existing
local ISPs instead of requiring its own proprietary set communication infrastructure. The
gateway node basically consists of an embedded microprocessor system, based on embedded
linux, and a modem.

The remote real time automatic reading system employs distributed structure based on
wireless sensor networks which consists of measure units, sensor nodes, data collectors,
server and wireless communication network.

Review on Smart Electric Metering System Based on GSM/IOT ; Shaista Hassan Mir1 , Sahreen
Ashruf2 , Sameena3 , Yasmeen Bhat4 and Nadeem Beigh5

The new era of Internet of Things (IoT) referred to uniquely identifiable objects
representing in an “internet like” structure. IoT has been playing major role in our daily life in terms
of intelligence and automation of conventional objects. By creating connectivity, IoT, as intelligent
system, connect things like universal global neutral network. As the technology is advancing, the
IoT’s automation management system is applied in many basic infrastructures such as electricity, gas

13 | P a g e
and water management systems in order to make it more convenient for individuals and
organizations. Therefore, the system can overcome the issues of human error and efforts in terms of
controlling and management. To achieve this sophisticated system, the communication and
networking has the major role to track all kind of connectivity among the individual devices. The
challenge is to build the network system which is robust, at the same time low power consuming
and inexpensive. Monitoring and keeping tracking of electricity consumption for verification is a
tedious task today since manual meter reading and recording is in vogue. It is important to know
from the customer view point that if one is charged fairly and according to the need. Automation of
the system will allow users to monitor energy meter readings over the internet in the real-time.

IOT BASED SMART ENERGY METER 1ABDEALI K BALAIYAWALA, 2CHIRAG L BAFNA, 3 JAHANVI R
TANK, 4PANKAJ M MOHAN
The demand for power has increased exponentially over the last century , one avenue through which
today’senergy problems can be addressed is through the reduction of energy usage in households .This has
increased the emphasis on the need for accurate and economic methods of power measurement.

The main object of the project is to develop smart Energy Meter is not only measure the consumer’s power
consumption in KWH but also to enable and support real consumption in rupees according to consumer tariff, so
meter reader don’t need to visit each customer for the consumed data collection and to distributed the bill
slips.In our project, A Node MCU, Arduino Controller, has been used. By using this controller the readings of
the Energy Meter are been directly given to our website. The tariff applicable to the consumer is displayed on
the home page of each individual consumer on his/her account. Also a facility is given for directly cutting-off of
supply from consumer’s online account. Also the utility can cut-off the supply if the consumer doesn’t pay the
bill. The use of GSM module provides a feature of notification through SMS. Online payment facility is also
made.

14 | P a g e
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

15 | P a g e
 WORKING

.
The waste is categorized into three sections, metal, glass and plastic.
An inductive sensor is used to detect the waste to be either metal and if not, the conveyor
belt moves the waste to the capacitive detection to see whether the waste is glass or
plastic.
IR sensor to detect the waste entering the bin.
when the waste is placed,
waste and sends a signal to the conveyor belt to rotate the belt.
When the waste’s reaches the first sensor which is the Eddy current proximity sensor, if
the waste is metallic, the sensor sends signal response to the Arduino microcontroller to
justify the waste state,
The belts starts moving only when the object is identified
If the object is identified as metal by the metal detector then the servo motor rotates & dumps in
metal bin

else if the object is plastic then the servo motor rotates with an angle of dumps in plastic bin

and if the object is not identified glass then the servo motor rotates with & dumps in glass bin.

16 | P a g e
 SPECIFICATION

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
• Atmega328p
• LCD
• IR sensor
• Laser
• L293D
• DC acurator

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
 Arduino IDE
 Keil
 Proteus

17 | P a g e
At-mega 328
Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping,
aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As soon as it reached a
wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to new needs and challenges,
differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D
printing, and embedded environments.

Arduino is a single-board microcontroller to make using electronics in multidisciplinary projects

more accessible.
The hardware consists of a simple open source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel
AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. The software consists of a standard
programming language compiler and a bootloader that executes on the microcontroller.

Microcontroller:
ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage(recommended):7-12V

18 | P a g e
 • Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (ofwhich 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 40mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB(ATmega328)
• SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
PIN CONFIGURATIONS:

19 | P a g e
 Pin Descriptions
VCC
Digital supply voltage
GND
Ground

16X2 LCD display

LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs
(seven segment LEDs or other multi segment LEDs) because of the following reasons:

1. The declining prices of LCDs.

2. The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in contrast to LEDs, which
are limited to numbers and a few characters.

20 | P a g e
3. Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the task
of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU to keep displaying
the data.

4. Ease of programming for characters and graphics.

These components are “specialized” for being used with the Atmega 328s, which means that
they cannot be activated by standard IC circuits. They are used for writing different messages
on a miniature LCD.

A model described here is for its low price and great possibilities most frequently used in
practice. It is based on the HD44780 Atmega 328 (Hitachi) and can display messages in two
lines with 16 characters each. It displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, punctuation marks,
mathematical symbols etc. In addition, it is possible to display symbols that user makes up on
its own. Automatic shifting message on display (shift left and right), appearance of the
pointer, backlight etc. are considered as useful characteristics.

21 | P a g e
 WiFi IEEE802.11 b/g/n support for WPA and WPA2

Bluetoot
No
h

RAM 160KB - 64KB Instruction - 96KB Data

Flash Extern QSPI - 512KB A 4MB

GPIO 16

DAC 0

ADC 1

ENERGY METER. Utilities are one of the electrical departments, which

install these instruments at every place like homes, industries,
organizations, commercial buildings to charge for the electricity
consumption by loads such as lights, fans, refrigerator, and other home
appliances.

Watt-Hour Meter

22 | P a g e
The basic unit of power is watts and it is measured by using a watt meter.
One thousand watts make one kilowatt. If one uses one kilowatt in one-
hour duration, one unit of energy gets consumed. So
energy meters measure the rapid voltage and currents, calculate their
product and give instantaneous power. This power is integrated over a time
interval, which gives the energy utilized over that time period.

VOLTAGE SENSOR

A voltage sensor is a sensor used to calculate and monitor the amount of

voltage in an object. Voltage sensors can determine the AC voltage or DC
voltage level. The input of this sensor is the voltage, whereas the output is
the switches, analog voltage signal, a current signal, or an audible signal.
Sensors are devices that can sense or identify and react to certain types of
electrical or optical signals. The implementation of a voltage sensor and
current sensor techniques have become an excellent choice for the
conventional current and voltage measurement methods

23 | P a g e
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

1. PROTEUS

What Is Proteus ??

Basically PROTEUS is also a simulating software but it helps you attach many components
with the Arduino. Like resistors, capacitors, LEDs, LCDs, keypads, ICs etc. and these are just
few that I have named in general. It has a complete library and you will find everything that
you will ever need. You can design your complete circuit and then simulate it to view the
final output. This means that after perfecting your project on the programming side in  KEIL,
you'll need to simulate it on PROTEUS to determine the output of the hardware components
and change it if need be. This will completely ensure your project's success.

USING PROTEUS

PROTEUS is designed to be user-friendly and you will get the hold of it instantly. There is no
need to worry about some complex configuration / settings prior to simulation. Here are the
basic steps.

 Place your components from the library

 Connect them accordingly

24 | P a g e
 Load HEX file (if Arduino is involved)
 Simulate the circuit

25 | P a g e
 8. conclusion

26 | P a g e
 FUTURE WORK

he theory behind the project was to improve the efficiency of waste management
which though has high critical consequences, was always overlooked due to the lack
of awareness about the poor waste management impact on the environment.

27 | P a g e
 REFERENCES

[1] AD Awale, AA Margaje, AB Jagdale. Automated Waste Segregator, Journal Of Information,

Knowledge and Research in Electronics And Communication Engineering, 4(2), 2017.

[2] VJ Aleena, Kavya, Alakrishnan, TB Rosmi, KJS Krishna, S Sreejith, TD Subha. Automatic Waste
Segregator and Monitoring System, Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and
Applications(JoMEA),3(2), 2016.

[3] MK Pushpa, A Gupta, SM Shaikh, S Jha, V Suchitra. Microcontroller based Automatic Waste
Segregator, IJIREEICE, 3(5), 2015.

[4] A. S. Bharadwaj, R. Rego, and A. Chowdhury, “IoT based solid waste

management system: A conceptual approach with an architectural
solution as a smart city application,” 2016 IEEE Annual India
Conference (INDICON), 2016. S. Suthar and P. Singh, “Household solid waste generation
and composition in different family size and socio-economic groups: A

case study,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 14, pp. 56–63, 2015.
[5] M. E. Edjabou, M. B. Jensen, R. Götze, K. Pivnenko, C. Petersen, C.
Scheutz, and T. F. Astrup, “Municipal solid waste composition:
Sampling methodology, statistical analyses, and case study
evaluation,” Waste Management, vol. 36, pp. 12–23, 2015

28 | P a g e
29 | P a g e