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Curl Matlab

This document defines key concepts in vector calculus, including the gradient, curl, divergence, and Laplacian operators. It provides the mathematical definitions of these operators and gives examples of calculating the curl and divergence of vector fields. Several theorems are also stated, such as the curl of a gradient field being zero and a vector field being conservative if its curl is zero.

Uploaded by

Nikhil Chaudhari
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
912 views

Curl Matlab

This document defines key concepts in vector calculus, including the gradient, curl, divergence, and Laplacian operators. It provides the mathematical definitions of these operators and gives examples of calculating the curl and divergence of vector fields. Several theorems are also stated, such as the curl of a gradient field being zero and a vector field being conservative if its curl is zero.

Uploaded by

Nikhil Chaudhari
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spring 2004 Math 253/501503

14 Vector Calculus
14.5 Curl and Divergence
Thu, 08/Apr c 2004, Art Belmonte
Summary
Let F(x, y, z) = [P, Q, R] be a vector eld and f (x, y, z) be a
scalar eld.
Denitions
The vector differential operator del is


x
,

y
,

.
The gradient of f is

f =

f
x
, f
y
, f
z

.
The curl of F is curl F =

F =

i j k

z
P Q R

R
y
Q
z
, P
z
R
x
, Q
x
P
y

.
The divergence of F is div F =

F = P
x
+ Q
y
+ R
z
.
The laplacian of f is

2
f =

f = f
xx
+ f
yy
+ f
zz
.
The laplacian of F is

2
P,

2
Q,

2
R

.
Theorems
The curl of a gradient vector eld is the zero vector. That is,
curl

= 0 = [0, 0, 0].
If F is a vector eld dened on R
3
such that curl F = 0 (the
zero vector [0, 0, 0]), then F is conservative; i.e., F =

f
for some scalar potential function f .
If F is a vector eld on R
3
whose components have
continuous second-order partial derivatives, then
div curl F = 0, the scalar zero.
Hand Examples
905/2
Find the curl & divergence of the vector eld F =

x
2
y, yz
2
, x
2
z

.
Solution
The curl of F is curl F =

F or

i j k

z
x
2
y yz
2
x
2
z

2yz, 2xz, x
2

.
The divergence of F is div F =

F or


x
,

y
,

x
2
y, yz
2
, x
2
z

= 2xy +z
2
+ x
2
.
905/18
Is the vector eld F = [xz, xy, yz] conservative? If so, nd a
scalar potential function f for F.
Solution
Assume that F, which is dened on R
3
, is conservative. Then it is
the gradient of some scalar eld f . By the rst theorem, we have
0 = curl

f = curl F. But the curl of F is curl F =

F or

i j k

z
xz xy yz

= [z, x, y] = [0, 0, 0] .
We thus have a contradiction. Accordingly, the vector eld F is
not conservative.
MATLAB Examples
905/6
Find the curl and divergence of F =

sin x, cos x, z
2

.
Solution
In MATLAB you may use the Curl and div commands I wrote.
(Cooper already had a different routine called curl.) There are
also curl and div commands available on your TI-89 on the
FVMD menu (Functions and Matrix & Vector Derivatives).
%
% Stewart 905/6
%
syms x y z
F = [sin(x) cos(x) z2];
curl F = Curl(F); pretty(curl F)
[0 0 -sin(x)]
div F = div(F); pretty(div F)
cos(x) + 2 z
%
echo off; diary off
1
905/16
Is the vector eld F =

x, e
y
sin z, e
y
cos z

conservative? If so,
nd a scalar potential function f for F.
Solution
We see that curl F = 0 on R
3
. So F is conservative by the second
theorem in the Summary. We then use the pot command to yield
the desired potential function f .
%
% Stewart 905/16
%
syms x y z
v = [x y z];
F = [x exp(y)*sin(z) exp(y)*cos(z)];
curl F = Curl(F); pretty(curl F)
[0 0 0]
f = pot(F,v); pretty(f)
2
1/2 x + exp(y) sin(z)
%
echo off; diary off
906/38
Given the position vector eld r = [x, y, z] and spherical radius
variable =

x
2
+ y
2
+z
2
, verify the identity

3
= 12,
where

2
is the laplacian.
Solution
We simply show that

3
12 = 0. Done!
%
% Stewart 906/38
%
syms x y z
v = [x y z];
r = len(v)
r =
(x2+y2+z2)(1/2)
f = r3;
% Left - Right = 0
lmrez = simple(laplacian(f) - 12*r)
lmrez =
0
%
echo off; diary off
2

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