10/16/2018

Welcome to the An Overview on ACCA’s Residential

PMG Educational Program HVAC System Design Process
Sponsored by: John D. Sedine
Engineered Heating & Cooling, Inc.
Cedar Springs, MI

Presentation Overview:
Designer’s Objective
ACCA Manual J, Manual S, Manual D
1. Provide a fundamental understanding on the basics of what it takes to
do an accurate residential mechanical system design: To design a mechanical system that can add (heating) or
remove (cooling) heat energy at a rate (BTUs per hour) that
will allow the home’s indoor environment to achieve the
design conditions.
2. Provide verification points and caveats
• Code officials: For the purpose of issuing a permit This will keep occupants comfortable and safe and provide
• Quality control personnel: Checking consistency/accuracy for energy-efficient operation.
3. Highlight relevant ACCA resources and opportunities

Disclaimer: This is NOT a design course!

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Benefits of Proper Design

• Comfort Related • Equipment Related
• Better part-load humidity and • Proper ducts installed
temperature control • Proper electrical circuit
sizing
• Smaller temperature swings • Part load operation
between rooms • Reduced cycling
• Improved humidity control (loading / unloading)
• Less drafts and noise • Longer equipment life
• Improved occupant comfort / • Less nuisance service
calls
satisfaction

• Economic Related • Health Related

• Lower project costs • Reduced potential for
• Lower operating expenses mold growth
• Reduced installed load on • Less contribution to
the public utility system asthma and other
respiratory conditions

Part 1 – Load Calculation ACCA/ANSI 2 Manual J - 2016

• Standard required in:
– 2015 IRC §M1401.3, and
– 2015 IECC §R403.7

• Comprised of two sections

– Normative: 9 pages of text and 200
pages of tabular information that are
the enforceable requirements
– Informative: 390 pages of in depth
discussion, documentation, and
examples

• Latest ANSI approval in Feb 2016

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Load Calcs: Heat Gain / Heat Loss Manual J Load Design Conditions

Summer Winter Two design conditions … hence, two sets of peak

• Heat flows INTO the • Heat flows OUT of the loads.
home home
– Sensible heat – dry – Sensible heat only Outdoor Design Temp
(Geographic‐specific) Indoor Design Temp
heat (dry bulb;
thermometer) Heat Gain (summer) 1% db condition 75 F
– Latent heat – wet Heat Loss (winter) 99% db condition 70 F
heat (wet bulb;
humidity)
Heat Gain … so we need Heat Loss … so we need
heating
cooling
Heat flow is a rate; the units are Btu/h.  
(Analogous to mph).

Loads That Must Be Accounted For Basic Load Equation

(as applicable to the specific home)

• Fenestration (windows, glass doors, skylights) Load = U x A x ∆T

• Opaque panels (wood/metal doors, above & below grade U = the heat transfer performance index
walls, partition walls, ceilings, floors)
(how well a material transfers heat; it’s the reciprocal of R-value)
• Infiltration
A = the Area of the surface (window, wall, ceiling, etc.)
• Ventilation
• Internal (number of people and appliances) ∆T = the temperature difference across the surface
• System (ducts and blower)
Load units are Btu/h

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Designer Software Options Manual J, Form J1ae (Block Load)

Simple load calculation – MJ8AE (Abridged Edition)
• Dwelling must be 100% compatible with AE Checklist
• Can be done by hand or using ACCA MJ8
speedsheet

Full load calculation – Full MJ8

• Can be done by hand, but extremely time consuming
• Usually use third party software1
1ACCA vets third party software for compliance with MJ8 procedures, those that pass received “Powered by
Manual J” recognition (see: http://www.acca.org/standards/approved-software)

Load Calculation
Min. Verification Points
What to Watch Out For …
• Location (City, State) Some practitioners will try to fudge the numbers to
• Outdoor design temperatures and grains get bigger loads:
(Why deviating from MJ8 Tables 1A or 1B?) • Change the design temperatures (outdoor and/or indoor)
• Indoor design temperatures (75°F db cooling, • Design to the worst case scenario (e.g., very loose house)
70°F db heating unless superseded by • Add more occupants than ‘number of bedrooms plus 1’
code/regulation) • Calculate duct loads even when ducts in conditioned space
• Orientation matches actual home or plan • Not include window overhangs and shading
• Occupants = number of bedrooms + 1 • Puff up internal loads
• Conditioned floor area = home or plan • Use a factor of safety
• Eave overhang depth and internal shading =
home or plan / default The above practices are not supported by ACCA.
• Number of skylights = home or plan Manual J instructs practitioners to be thorough and
• Sensible + latent heat gain = total heat gain reflect the ACTUAL conditions.

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Part 2 - Equipment Selection ANSI/ACCA 3 Manual S - 2014

• Standard required in:
– 2015 IRC §M1401.3, and
– 2015 IECC §R403.7

• Comprised of two sections:

– Normative: 22 pages of enforceable
requirements
– Informative: 270 pages of in-depth
discussion, documentation, and
examples

• Latest ANSI approval in May 2014

Overview Equipment Selection Steps Size Limits For Each Equipment Type

1. Start with sizing values

• MJ8 heating load: For furnaces and boilers
• MJ8 cooling load: For cooling-only and heat pump
units
2. Manual S provides sizing rules
• Sets upper and lower limits for equipment total
capacity
3. Designer must use OEM performance data
• Capacity values must be for operating conditions

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Heat Pump Sizing Limits Heat Pump Size Limits Conditions

Condition A Size Limits apply when:

• JSHR < 0.95 or HDD/CDD < 2.0
• Moisture control is primary concern

Condition B Size Limits apply when:

• JSHR ≥ 0.95 and HDD/CDD ≥ 2.0
• Heating performance is primary concern

JSHR = sensible cooling load / total cooling load

HDD = heating degree day (base 65ᵒF)
Designer must heed the  CDD = cooling degree day (base 50ᵒF)
notes for the tables. Source for HDD and CDD is MJ8, ASHRAE, or NOAA

Size Limits & Compressor Speed AHRI Ratings

A piece of equipment’s AHRI rating is evaluated for air at:

• Single Compressor Speed
80°F db / 67°F wb entering the indoor unit, and
– Use OEM performance data for only compressor speed
• Multi (2 or more) Compressor Speed 95°F db entering the outdoor unit.
– Use OEM performance data for high-speed
• Variable Compressor Speed A standardized testing point for equipment capacity and
efficiency, but inappropriate for use in equipment sizing and
– Use OEM performance data for the speed used for AHRI
rating test selection.

BUT cooling capacity must be based on OEM performance No one wants an 80°F indoor environment in the summer!
data for the design conditions and NOT on AHRI rating And not every location will have a 95°F outdoor design
temperature.

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Equipment Sizing / Selection What to Watch Out For …

Min. Verification Points
Cooling Equipment Heating Equipment
Equipment  • Type • Type Some designers will:
Information • Model • Model • Seek (incorrectly) to use AHRI rated capacities
instead of OEM engineering performance data
• Sensible Capacity • Not interpolating the OEM performance data for
Capacities satisfy • Total Output Capacity the capacity at design conditions
• Latent Capacity
design conditions • Auxiliary Heating Cap. • Misread / misapply OEM performance data tables
• Total Capacity (can be very confusing, and will come in different configurations)
Within load
• To be verified • To be verified • Round up to next size
sizing limits
• Push for equipment outside of the sizing limits
Blower Info • CFM • CFM
(at design conditions) • ESP • ESP

Part 3 – Duct System Design ANSI/ACCA 1 Manual D - 2016

• Standard required in:
– 2015 IRC §M1601.1 and §M1602.2
– 2015 IMC §603.2

• Comprised of two sections

– Normative: 43 pages of enforceable
requirements
– Informative: 213 pages of in-depth
discussion, documentation, and
examples

• Latest ANSI Approval in Oct 2016

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Friction Rate
Worksheet

80 
Ft
0.23 IWC

.23 * 100 
TEL = 120 FT TEL = 255 FT FR = ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
375

FR = 0.061 
IWC / 100 Ft

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Friction Rate Equation Friction Rate Chart

100

Outside of the
“wedge” may
• FR is friction rate
– Units of IWC/100 lead to velocity
• Available Static Pressure (ASP): problems
– Blower ESP minus component pressure losses
– Component pressure losses e.g.: coil, registers,
grille
• TEL is total effective length of longest path
– Sum of straight sections and fittings

Finding Each Room Cfm Example

• Air handler delivers 1000 Cfm at 0.23

IWC (net)
Blower CFM ∗
• Total heating load: 60,000 Btu/h
• Total cooling load: 48,000 Btu/h
• One value for cooling and one value for heating

• The designer must use the larger of the two cfm
values for sizing the duct runs Blower Cfm = 1000
Total heating load = 60,000 Btu/h
Reminder: Loads are in Btu/hr Total cooling load = 48,000 Btu/h
C ‐ Btu/h H ‐ Btu/h C ‐ Cfm H ‐ Cfm Design Cfm
Room 1 4800 5800 100 97 100
Room 2 19200 25200 400 420 420
Room 3 24000 29000 500 483 500

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FR & Cfm  Duct Size &

Velocity
Velocity Limit
• Compare the velocity (feet per minute, fpm) at the
• Using a duct slide rule, the design cfm with the limits for turbulence /
Cfm and calculated FR will: noise control
– Provide values for sizing • If the velocity exceeds the limits, then use the
the ducts cfm for the limit velocity – resulting in bigger
• Round diameter ducts
• Rectangular
– Provide an associated
velocity in feet per
minute (fpm)

Manual D
What to Watch Out For …
Min. Verification Points
ACCA recommended minimum: • Designers that ALWAYS use a FR of 0.10
• ESP from blower table at Design Airflow (CFM) – It needs to be calculated every time for the specific duct
system details
• Total Component Pressure Losses (CPL) • Check the math
• Available static pressure (ASP = ESP – CPL) – ASP = ESP – CPL
• Lengths: longest supply duct, longest return duct, TEL – FR = (ASP x 100) / TEL
– Spot check a few register CFMs
• Determined Friction Rate • Not using balancing hand dampers in
• Used Manual J room loads to determine Heating/Cooling the runout branches
• Not altering the design for a house plan
CFMs that is rotated to the opposite street side
• Ensure maximum airflow velocity limits are not exceeded

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Part 4: ACCA-Available Resources Free Form

ACCA Design Review Form
Everything you need
to check on one form.
• Load calculation
• Equipment
selection
• Duct system design

Free to download at
www.acca.org/codes www.acca.org/codes

Free Standards Free Training for Code Officials

(and Others!)

Free PDF Downloads on HVAC Three-part video training on Manuals J / D / S

• Approximately 45 minutes for each segment
• Quality Installation (ACCA 5 QI)
• A bit more detailed than this presentation
• QI Verification (ACCA 9 QIvp) • Free! … www.ACCA.org/codes
• Quality Maintenance (ACCA 4 QM)
• Quality Restoration (ACCA 6 QR) CEUs available from ICC
• ACCA is an ICC Preferred Education Provider
• Whole House Evaluation (ACCA 12 QH) • See: http://www.acca.org/certification/code-essentials CEUs have 
• and more • 0.2 CEU; Cost for the J / D / S test = $60
associated 
costs.

Free to download at www.acca.org/quality

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ACCA Technical Reference Note Free ACCA Membership

“Computing Manual J Infiltration Load Based
Upon a Target Envelop Leakage Requirement” for ICC Code Offices

Shows how to convert a maximum code To obtain ACCA member benefits for free,
allowable leakage limit (say, 3 or 5 ACH 50 per the ICC IECC)
to: contact:
1. Manual J infiltration CFM value, and then Karla Price Higgs
to Vice President, Member Services
International Code Council
2. infiltration load contributions (Btuh) of:
• sensible heating, KHiggs@iccsafe.org
• sensible cooling, and
• latent cooling.

Educational: Technician Training

Educational Offerings
& Certification
QI Design … [Load Calcs, Equipment Selection, Duct Design, etc.] On-line learning
– Technician Field Practices for Quality
Installation
Offered via: – Home Evaluation and Performance
Improvement
• In-person training
(3-day class) – Friction Rate Primer and Duct Design
Fundamentals
• Online training – Duct Diagnostics & Repair
(18 hours of videos, plus
assessments) – Etc.
• Offline DVDs Convenient … affordable … on-
These each have 
demand training focused on quality associated 
5-year certificates provided for These each have  HVACR installation, maintenance, costs.
associated  home performance, and more.
successful passage of final exam costs.

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HVAC Primer, residential HVAC Primer, commercial

Bob’s House Maria’s Restaurant

A case study for A case study for
understanding the residential understanding the
commercial HVAC design
HVAC design process as
process as described in the
described in the ACCA ACCA commercial design
residential design manuals. manuals.

May be May be
purchased at purchased at
www.acca.org/store/
www.acca.org/store/

Contact Information:
John D. Sedine, President
Engineered Htg & Clg
1321 17 Mile Rd NE
Cedar Springs, MI 49319 ACCA Contact:
johns@engineeredhvac.com Glenn C. Hourahan, P.E.
616.439.3311 Sr. Vice President
ACCA
2800 S. Shirlington Road; Suite 300
Arlington, VA 22206
glenn.hourahan@acca.org

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www.iccsafe.org/conference www.learn.iccsafe.org
Learning Center: X33821
#ICCAC18

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