MSU Entomology

Republic of the Philippines
Mindanao State University at Naawan

College of Agriculture and Forestry
9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines
Section 1. Entomology c. Melon fruit fly

d. Corn earworm
1. Among the invertebrates, only inscets have this
character? 13. Which of the following rice pests possesses
a. Segmentation chewing type of mouthparts during the
b. Wings destructive stage?
c. Antennae a. Green leafhopper
d. 3 pairs of jointed legs b. Rice bug
c. Stemborer
2. From which character was the name “Arthropoda” d. Brown planthopper
derived?
a. Segmentation 14. Which is NOT true of ALL in insects?
b. Wings a. They have antennae
c. Antennae b. They have wins
d. Jointed legs c. They have three body regions
d. They have three pairs of legs
3. Which of these is important in distinguishing
damselflies from dragonflies? 15. This sensory organ is NOT found among insects.
a. Legs a. Mouthpart
b. Cerci b. Antennae
c. Eyes c. Chelicerae
d. Antennae d. Eye
4. Which of these is important in distinguishing 16. The first segment of the insect antenna
beetles from dragonflies? a. Scape
a. Wings b. Pedicel
b. Cerci c. Flagellum
c. Eyes d. Clavola
d. Antennae
17. The second segment of the insect antennae
5. In insects, where are the cerci located? a. Scape
a. Head b. Pedicel
b. Thorax c. Flagellum
c. Abdomen d. Clavola
d. Legs
18. In the piercing-sucking type of mouthparts, this
6. In insects, where are the wings found? component cannot be inserted into the host plant,
a. Head hence it bends when insect is feeding
b. Thorax a. Labrum
c. Abdomen b. Mandible
d. Legs c. Maxilla
d. Labium
7. In insects, where are the prolegs/pseudolegs
located? 19. In the chewing type of mouthparts, this
a. Head component cuts and grinds the food
b. Thorax a. Labrum
c. Abdomen b. Mandible
d. Hindleg c. Maxilla
d. Labium
8. In caterpillars, where are prolegs/pseudolegs
located? 20. In the chewing type of mouthparts, this
a. Head component is immediately behind the mandible,
b. Thorax and it holds and pushes the food into the mouth
c. Abdomen a. Labrum
d. Pseudo thorax b. Mandible
c. Maxilla
9. Which of the following is used to enclose the d. Labium
stylets In insects with piercing-sucking
mouthtype? 21. This body region bears the legs and the wings of
a. Labium the insect
b. Hypopharunx a. Head
c. Labrum b. Thorax
d. Epipharynx c. Abdomen
10. Where would you least likely find insects? d. Cephalothorax
a. North pole
b. Mt. Makiling 22. The basal segment of an insect leg
c. Laguna lake a. Trochanter
d. Sulu sea b. Tibia
c. Tarsus
11. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of d. Coxa
arthropods?
a. Radial symmetry 23. The opening to the respiratory system of an insect
b. Exoskeleton a. Tympanum
c. Jointed legs b. Cerci
d. Segmented body c. Spiracle
d. Hypopharynx
12. Which of the following pest is NOT an arthropod?
a. Santol gall mite 24. This body region bears the genitalia and visceral
b. Golden apple snail organs of the insect
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the authors.
a. Head a. Economic injury level

b. Thorax b. Economic threshold level
c. Abdomen c. Equilibrium level
d. Cephalothorax d. Damage level
25. The 2 pairs of insect wings, when present, are located 37. A modern approach to minimize damage by pests with
in the ultimate population management rather than
a. The prothorax and mesothorax eradication
b. The mesothorax and metathorax a. Integrated pesticide management
c. The prothorax and metathorax b. Integrated pest management
d. All segments of the thorax c. Pest control strategies
d. Pesticide management
26. Termites have this type of antenna.
a. Geniculate 38. A control method whereby synthetic toxic substances
b. Moniliform or bioactive plant are used to combat pest population
c. Filiform a. Use of resistant varieties
d. Lamellate b. Cultural control
c. Chemical control
27. This type of antennae is found among scarabaeid d. Biological control
beetles.
a. Bipectinate 39. An unwanted organism which competes with man for
b. Clavate food and shelter or threatens their health, comfort or
c. Filiform welfare
d. Lamellate a. Pest
b. Insect
28. The setaceous type of antennae is found among c. Weed
a. Butterflies d. Pathogen
b. Grasshoppers
c. Dragonflies 40. A serious pest species that occurs perennially &
d. Houseflies regularly limits crop productivity
a. Occasional pest
29. The aristate type of antennae is found among b. Key pest
a. Butterflies c. Potential pest
b. Grasshoppers d. Destructive pest
c. Dragonflies
d. Houseflies 41. A pest that occurs at infrequent intervals and causes
economic damage only at a certain time and place
30. This elbow-like type of antennae found among ants a. Occasional pest
a. Geniculate b. Key pest
b. Clavate c. Chronic pest
c. Lamellate d. Potential pest
d. Plumose
42. A kind of pest that has no significant damage under
31. This type of antennae is found among mosquitoes. prevailing agro-ecosystem but might bring about damage
a. Geniculate with a change in crop and cultural practices
b. Clavate a. Occasional pest
c. Lamellate b. Key pest
d. Plumose c. Potential pest
d. Chronic pest
32. Preying mantis uses this type of forelegs to catch its
prey 43. The relative amount of heritable qualities in plants that
a. Grasping influences the ultimate degree of damage by the pest.
b. Clinging a. Host plant resistance
c. Walking b. Insecticide resistance
d. Digging c. Tolerance
d. Antibiosis
33. Headlice use this type of legs to anchor themselves on
the host. 44. The man-directed control of insect pests by employing
a. Grasping the use of natural enemies
b. Clinging a. Mechanical control
c. Walking b. Cultural control
d. Digging c. Biological control
d. Autocidal control
34. In what type of insect development is the young stage
known as a naiad? 45. A control method that utilizes suitable agronomic
a. Ametabolous practices to reduce pest population
b. Hemimetabolous a. Mechanical control
c. Paurometabolous b. Cultural control
d. Holometabolous c. Biological control
35. What type of insect development has larval and pupal d. Genetic control
stages?
a. Ametabolous 46. The term given for crop destruction, injury or loss of
b. Hemimetabolous value caused by the feeding activity of different pests.
c. Paurometabolous a. Characteristic damage
d. Holometabolous b. Pest infestation
c. Threshold
36. The pest population density where the cost of control d. Damage indicator
is much higher than the expected cost of harvest of the
protected crop.
the authors.
47. A kind of damage caused by the feeding of an insect

through the removal of plant sap or plant parts in contrast 58. The most destructive avian pest that attacks rice and
with the damage caused by disease-transmitting insects other small grains
a. Indirect damage a. Philippine weaver
b. Direct damage b. Philippine eagle
c. Damage indicator c. Philippine oriole
d. Action threshold d. Philippine bird
48. The pest density at which artificial control measures
should be applied to prevent pest population increase or 59. A vertebrate pest which is a perennial problem in crop
pest outbreak production and which usually demands a unified,
a. Economic injury level coordinated and sustained community action for its
b. Equilibrium level effective control
c. Economic threshold level a. Birds
d. Satiation level b. Snakes
c. Rodents
49. An insect which carries and transmits a disease d. Crocodile
causing organism to a plant.
a. Predator 60. A serious pest of corn that attacks all parts of the plant
b. Parasite except the roots
c. Vector a. Cutworm
d. Symbionts b. Comstalk borer
c. Corn-semi-looper
50. A toxic substance which is readily available and kills d. Corn-borer
pest instantly
a. Insecticide 61. A Homopteran insect pest that transmits the tungro
b. Pesticides viruses
c. Rodenticide a. Brown planthopper
d. Weedicide b. Green leafhopper
c. Whitebacked planthopper
51. An insect that feeds on a number of unrelated species d. Zigzag leafhopper
of plants
a. Polyphagous insect 62. Substances, such as sex pheromones, that lure
b. Phytophagous onsect insects and can be used as a means of control
c. Monophagous insect a. Anti-feedants
d. Entomophagous insect b. Repellants
c. Attractants
52. A biological control agent that consumes many preys d. Chemo-sterilants
in its lifetime
a. Parasite 63. A group of rodenticides that are slow-acting and are
b. Vector usually referred to as ant coagulant rodenticides
c. Predator a. Sterilants
d. Symbionts b. Chronic rodenticides
c. Baits
53. The collective term for parasitic and predatory insects d. Acute rodenticides
a. Phytophagous insects
b. Entomophagous insects 64. The ability of populations of pests to survive doses of
c. Polyphagous insect an insecticide which are normally lethal
d. Phagocytic insects a. Insecticide resistance
b. Overdose
54. A biological control organism that usually lives inside c. Insecticide threshold level
the body of its host and consumes only one host to d. Insecticide mismanagement
complete its life cycle 65. Synchronous planting is an example of
a. Parasite a. Mechanical control
b. Predator b. Biological control
c. Vector c. Chemical control
d. Pathogen d. Cultural control
55. The symptom of stemborr dame of whole priroductive 66. The physical removal of insect pests from the infested
stage of the noe plant characterized by the appearance of plants
whole panicles of unfiled grains a. Mechanical control
a. Deadheart b. Biological control
b. Whitehead c. Chemical control
c. Witting d. Cultural control
d. Mosaic
67. The ability of a plant variety to withstand infestation
56. The symptom of yellowing and willing of the youngest and to support insect populations that would otherwise
leaf as a result of feeding by the stemborer larvae during severely damage susceptible plants
the vegetative stage of the rice plant. a. Antibiosis
a. Deadheart b. Host evasion
b. Whitehead c. Tolerance
c. Leafrolling d. Non-preference
d. Rotting
68. Includes all adverse effects exerted by the plant on the
57. The growth stage/s of the rice plant that is/are most insect's survival, development and reproduction
preferred by the rice bug a. Antibiosis
a. Negative stage b. Host evasion
b. Soft dough stage c. Tolerance
c. Milk stage d. Non-preference
d. Both B and C
the authors.
69. The toxic component of a pesticide

a. Diluent
b. Inert ingredient
c. Active ingredient
d. Surfactant
70. An insecticide that is absorbed by and translocated in

the plant and the insect acquire the poison through feeding
a. Contact insecticide
b. Stomach insecticide
c. Systemic insecticide
d. Surfactant
71. A liquid pesticide formulation that does not dissolve in

water but is dissolved in organic solvents
a. Emulsifiable concentrate
b. Dust
c. Aqueous concentrate
d. Aerosols
72. A solid pesticide formulation applied undiluted where

the active ingredient is combined with inert ingredients
such as clay to form particles about the size of coarse
sugar
a. Dust
b. Water soluble powder
c. Wettable powder
d. Granule
73. Pesticide category symbolized by a red band and skull

and crossbones
a. Category 1
b. Category II
c. Category III
d. Category IV
74. Which is NOT an expression of active unit in pesticide

labels?
a. percent
b. g/kg
c. ml or g/liter
d. ppm
75. A universally accepted name given a pesticide by an

appropriate professional organization
a. Trade name
b. Common name
c. Proprietary name.
d. Brand name.
the authors.
c. 6.25 L
d. 250 L
7. If the only available packaging in a farmer's favorite

store is 250 ml bottle of Confidor SL 100, how many
bottles should the farmer buy if he needs 2.25 liters?
a. 7
b. 8
c. 9
d. 10
8. Confidor SL 100 costs P750 per 250 ml bottle. How

much does a mango farmer has to pay for 2.25 liters of
Confidor SL 100?
a. P7,500
b. P6,500
c. P6,250
d. P6,750
9. Sumicidin 3EC has to be mixed at 5 tbsp/16-liter water.

What is the dilution rate of Sumicidin 3EC to water?
a. 5:16
b. 25:16
c. 50:16
d. 1:320
10. If Sumicidin 3EC has to be mixed at 5 tbsp/16 L water,

what is the percentage of Sumicidin 3EC in the spray
solution?
a. 0.31
b. 5
Section 2. Insecticide Calculations c. 8
d. 32
1. If Insecticide X contains the active ingredient 11. At the seedling stage of the rice plant, insecticide M
imidacloprid at 300 g/liter of the formulated product, what should be applied at 19 16 -sprayer loads per hectare.
percentage of the product is its active ingredient? How many liters of spray solution have to be prepared for
a. 0.3 a 1.25-hectare rice farm at seedling stage?
b. 3 a. 304
c. 30 b. 19
d. 300 c. 380
d. 16
2. Insecticide Y has 3% active ingredient. Express the
concentration of Insecticide in parts per million. 12. As seedling stage of the rice plant, recommendation
a. 300 calls for 40 ml of insecticide M per sprayer load with spray
b. 3000 volum of 19 sprayer loads per hectare. At vegetative
c. 30,000 stage, rate of application is 30 ml of insecticide M per
d. 300 sprayer load and a spray volume of 31 sprayer loads per
hectare. How much more insectide M is needed in
3. During severe corn borer infestation. Furadan 3G spraying a hectare at vegetative than at seedling stage?
should be applied at 33.3 kg/ha How much of the product a. 120 ml
is needed for 15.000 m2 of corn in case of severe.com b. 10 ml
borer infestation? c. 17 ml
a. 133.3 kg d. 170 ml
b. 49.95 kg
c. 99 99 kg 13. A carbamate insecticide, effective against thrips, has
d. 33.33 kg 500 g Methiocarb per kg formulated product. What is the
concentration in percent of the formulated product?
4. If 33.3 kg Furadan 3G had been used and it has 30 g a. 5
Carbofuran active ingredient/kg product, how many b. 50
kilograms of Carbofuran was applied? c. 0.5
a. 0.5 d. 31.25
b. 5
c. 1 14. For severe infestation, a pyrethroid insecticide with
d. 10 25% active ingredient should be used at 5 tbsp/16 liter of
water. What is the concentration in percent of the spray
5. At the application rate of 33 3 kg Furadan 3G/ha, how solution?
much would be applied per plant if there were 75,000 a. 0.025
plants in the 15,000 m² farm? b. 0.05
a. 1.07 g c. 0.075
b. 0.67 g d. 0.08
c. 16g
d. 7.5 g 15. If 150 liters of the spray solution should be prepared,
how many kilograms of the formulated product are needed
6. How much of Confidor SL 100 is needed to prepare a with the recommendation that it has to be applied at 5
2.500 liters of spray solution if the dilution rate is 25 ml/100 tbsp/16 liters of water?
L of water? a. 4.7
a. 625 ml b. 0.5
b. 625 L c. 0.47
the authors.
d. 15 b. 10.5kg
c. 17.5kg
16. A slurry, good for 1 kg of seeds, is prepared by mixing d. 15kg
12.5 ml of Insecticide ST in 10 ml of water. How much of
the slurry is needed for 4.5 tons of seeds? 24. Consider the following information:
a. 101.25 L Insect pest to be controlled: leafhopper of eggplant
b. 10.12 L Area to be treated: 1.75 ha
c. 1.25 L Labor cost: P250.00/man day
d. 1.21 L
Insecticide Insecticide Insecticide
17. How much water is needed in the preparation of a G EC WP
slurry for 4.5 tons of seeds if the dilution rate is 125 ml of Type of Granule Imulsifiable Wettable
Insecticide ST per 10 ml of water per kilogram of seeds? formulation concentrate powder
a. 54 L Recommended 6 kg/ha 1.25 L/ha 1.5 kg/ha
b. 45 L rate
c. 450 L Insecticide P160/k P980/L P750/kg
d. 102 L cost
Required man- 3 2 2
18. If a farmer would do his own seed treatment how much days for
of Insecticide ST would he need to treat 20 kg seeds application/ha
enough to plant a hectare given a dilution rate of 12.5 ml Interval of 3 every 30 2 every 2 2 every 2
of Insecticide ST in 10 ml of water? application days weeks weeks
a. 25 ml
b. 10.5 ml Which formulation is the cheapest to use in the long run?
c. 20 ml a. Granule
d. 250 ml b. Wettable powder
c. Emulsifiable concentrate
19. A farmer used 360 ml of Insecticide Y in his farm. He d. B and C
followed the recommended dosage of 3 tbsp/16 liters of
water and spray volume of 160 liters per hectare. What is
the area of his farm?
a. 1.02 25. At spray volumes of 240 and 176 L/ha, a molluscicide
b. 1.2 should be diluted at 70 and 100 ml/16 liters of water,
c. 1.12 respectively. Which of the spray volumes would require
d. 1.45 less of the molluscicide?
a. 176 L/ha
20. What is the rate of application in amount of formulated b. 240 L/ha
product per hectare if the recommended dosage is 3 c. A&B
tbsp/16 liter of water with spray volume of 160 li/ha? d. it depends
a. 35 ml/ha
b. 350 ml/ha
c. 300 ml/ha
d. 30 ml/ha
21. What is the rate of application in terms of g ai/ha if

Insecticide Y which has 2.5% active ingredient, has to be
diluted at 4 tbsp/16 li of water and applied at 240 li/ha?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
22. Insect pest to be controlled: leafhopper of eggplant

Labor cost: P250.00/man day
Type of Insecticide EC Insecticide WP

formulation imulsifiable wettable
concentrate powder
Recommended 1.25 L/ha 1.75 kg/ha
rate
Insecticide cost P 980/L P750/kg

Required man-
days for 2 3
application /ha
Considering insecticide and labor costs, how much wold

the farmer save if he used the wettable powder rather than
the emulsifiable concentrate?
a. P287.50
b. P320.00
c. P337.50
d. P180.00
23. How much od Insecticide G is needed for 1.75-hectare

eggplant farm if the recommended rate of application is 6
kg/ha/application?
a. 10kg
the authors.
a. Pseudomonas solanacearum
b. Pectobacterium carofovorum
c. Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris
d. Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea
7. Causal agent of bacterial wilt of tomato

a. Pectobacterium carotovorum
b. Xanthomonas vesicatoria
c. Ralsto parum
d. Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae
8. Causal agent of bacterial blight of rice

a. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola
b. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
c. Xanthomonas sacchari
d. Xanthomonas campestris
9. Causes fire blight of apples and pears

a. Erwinia amylovora
b. Erwinia chrysanthemi
c. Erwinia carotovora
d. Erinia stewarti
10. Not found in the cell envelope of Gram positive

bacteria
a. inner cytoplasmic membrane
b. outer membrane
c. peptidoglycan layer
d. periplasmic space
11. Antibiotic that interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis

and thereby prevents cell wall synthesis in growing
bacterial cells
a. kanamycin
b. cycloheximide
c. penicillin
d. streptomycin
12. Bacterial surface appendage responsible for motility

a. cila
b. fimbriae
c. flagella
d. pili
Section 3. Bacteriology 13. Main means of reproduction of bacteria.

a. budding
1. The shape of majority of plant pathogenic bacteria b. spore formation
a. spherical c. binary fission
b. rod-shape d. transverse fission
c. helical
d. Filamentous 14. Missing in mollicutes
a. cell membrane
2. Developed the substage condenser for the microscope b. cytoplasm
a. Leeuwenhoek c. cell wall
b. Pasteur d. ribosomes
c. Abbe
d. Hooke 15. Flagellation pattem characterized by the presence of a
single flagellum
3. Showed that fire blight of pear and twig blight of apple a. peritrichous
were caused by a bacterium b. monotrichous
a. Erwin Frank Smith c. amphitrichous
b. Demetri Iwanowski d. polytrichous
c. Martinus Willem
d. Thomas Jonathan Burrill 16. The genetic material of bacteria
a. hydrochloric acid
4. Causal agent of crown gall b. ribonucleic acid
a. Rhizobium trifoli c. phosphatidic acid
b. Agrobacterium tumefaciens d. deoxyribonucleic acid
c. Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi
d. Agrobacterium rhizogenes 17. Where protein synthesis occurs
a. lysosomes
5. Not among the five major genera of phytopathogenic b. ribosomes
bacteria c. mesosomes
a. Bacterium d. chromosome
b. Xanthomonas
c. Pseudomonas 18. Contains the genetic material
d. Erwinia a. mesosome
b. chromosome
6. Causal agent of soft rot of vegetables c. ribosome
the authors.
d. lysosome c. tricarboxylic acid cycle

d. succinic acid cycle
19. Where cellular respiration occurs in bacteria 32. Organisms that can use carbon dioxide as their sole
a. cell membrane principal source of carbon
b. chloroplast a. autotrophs
c. mitochondria b. lithotrophs
d. ribosome c. heterotrophs
d. organotrophs
20. Five-carbon sugar component of DNA
a. ribose 33.Organisms that use reduced, preformed organic
b. deoxyribose molecules as carbon source
c. maltose a. autotrophs
d. dextrose b. prototrophs
c. heterotrophs
21.The two purine nucleotides in DNA d. auxotrophs
a. adenine and thymine
b. adenine and guanine 34. A micronutrient that is needed by bacteria in small
c. cytosine and guanine amount
d. arginine and guanine a. carbon
b. manganese
22. The two pyrimidine nucleotides in RNA c. nitrogen
a. cytosine and thymine d. phosphorus
b. cytosine and uracil
c. adenine and thymine 35. A stage in the bacterial growth phase characterized by
d. adenine and uracil the exponential increase in cell population
a. lag phase
23. Provides structural integrity to the cell b. logarithmic phase
a. cell wall c. stationary phase
b. cytoplasm d. death phase
c. cell membrane
d. nucleus 36. The basic unit of bacterial classification
a. kingdom
24. Regulates the transport of materials into and out of the b. family
cell c. genus
a. cell wall d. species
b. cytoplasm
c. cell membrane 37. A group within a pathogen species that infects a set of
d. nucleus differential varieties
a. species
25. Type of ribosome present in a bacterial cell b. race
a. 80S c. pathovar
b. 50S d. biovar
c. 30S
d. 70S 38. A virus that infects bacteria
a. prophage
26. Filamentous bacteria b. baculovirus
a. Bacillus c. bacteriophage
b. Clostridium d. macrophage
c. Stryptomyces
d. Erwinia 39. The sequence of events that give rise to disease
a. pathogenesis
27. Bacteria devoid of cell wall b. disease cycle
a. Mollicutes c. saprogenesis
b. Gracilicutes d. pathogen cycle
c. Fermicutes
d. Mendosicutes 40. Stage of pathogenesis that involves the transfer of the
inoculum from a source into the infection court
28. The building blocks of proteins a. penetration
a. fatty acids b. establishment
b. peptides c. infection
c. nucleic acid d. inoculation
amino acid
41. Openings in the epidermis by two specialized
29. The building blocks of polysaccharides epidermal cells
a. disaccharides a. stomates
b. glucose b. hydathodes
c. cell membrane c. lenticels
d. nucleus d. nectarines
30. Metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate 42. Natural openings in the stem and root surface
a. glycolysis a. stomates
b. gluconeogenesis b. hydathodes
c. hydrolysis c. lenticels
d. photosynthesis d. nectaries
31. Also called the Citric Acid Cycle 43. External secretory structure where water from the
a. ketoglutaric acid cycle interior of the leaf is discharged to the leaf surface
b. fumaric acid cycle a. stomates
the authors.
b. hydathodes
c. lenticels 55. The severity of bacterial leaf blight in hybrid rice seed
d. nectaries production has been hastened by the clipping of the flag
leaf of one of the parents. Why is this so?
44. Extrafloral structures that secrete a sugary liquid a. clipping produces wounds that serve as bacterial
a. stomates entry points
b. hydathodes b. clipping disrupts physiological processes in the
c. lenticels plant
d. nectaries c. clipping reduces photosynthetic rate
d. all of the above
45. A microbial product other than an enzyme which
causes obvious damage to plant tissues, and which is 56. Potato scab is caused by the pathogen
known with reasonable confidence to be involved in a. Ralstonia solanacearum
disease development b. Xylella fastidiosa
a. phytoalexin c. Erwinia amylovora
b. phytotoxin d. Streptomyces scabies
c. cutin
d. suberin 57. A common media used for bacterial isolation is
a. PDA
46. Hyperauxiny is the accumulation of unusually high b. TZCA
concentrations of c. PDPA
a. cytokinin d. none of the above
b. giberillin
c. ethylene 58. Bacterial isolation can be accomplished using the
d. indole acetic acid a. Baermann Funnel Technique
b. Tissue Planting Technique
47. Hormone involved in fruit ripening c. Streak Plate Method
a. cytokinin d. Slide Culture Technique
b. giberillin
c. ethylene 59. Which of the following crops can be a possible host for
d. indole acetic acid Ralstonia solanacearum?
a. banana
48. Clustering of roots, flowers, fruits or twigs around a b. potato
common focus c. rice
a. hypertrophy d. eggplant
b. epinasty
c. hyperplasia 60. The soft rot bacteria produces which makes it able to
d. fasciation degrade the middle lamella and cause lysis of the cell
contents.
49. A plant overgrowth due to abnormal cell enlargement. a. peroxidases
a. Hypertrophy b. catalase
b. epinasty c. pectinases
c. hyperplasia d. amylase
d. fasciation
61. Type of flagellation of Erwinia species.
50. A plant overgrowth due to increased cell division a. monotrichous
a. Hypertrophy b. peritrichous
b. epinasty c. lophotrichous
c. hyperplasia d. amphitrichous
d. fasciation
62. Common bacterial plant pathogen in the Philippines
51. Yellowing caused by some factor other than light, such that produces yellow and mucoid colonies in ordinary
as infection by a virus or a mycoplasma culture media.
a. gummosis a. Pseudomonas
b. chlorophyllosis b. Xanthomonas
c. chlorosis c. Ralstonia
d. Variegation d. Agrobacterium
52. Caused by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of 63. Common isolation method of bacterial plant pathogens
meristematic and parenchymatous tissues from plant tissues
a. canker a. streaking
b. gall b. tissue planting
c. scab c. staining
d. blight d. baiting
53. A general necrosis caused by the rapid growth and 64. Causal agent of bugtok and moko diseases of banana.
advance of the causal bacteria through leaves and stems a. Fusarium oxysporum
a. wilt b. Pectobacterium carotovorum
b. blast c. Fusarium oxysporum
c. blight d. Ralstonia solanacearum
d. rot
65. Citrus greening or mottling is now believed to be
54. Overgrowths of the protoplast of adjacent living caused by a:
parenchymatous cells, protrude into xylem vessels through a. Phytoplasma
pits b. Nematode
a. gums c. fungus
b. tyloses d. virus
c. abscission layers
d. cork layers
the authors.
c. symptom
d. host
3. A diseased plant is a
a. pathogen
b. parasite
c. suscept
d. abiotic
4. May not cause diseases in plants

a. Abiotic factors
b. Parasites
c. Infectious agents
d. worms
5. The corn disease incited by Bipolaris maydis may be

controlled by
a. insecticides
b. antibiotics
c. fungicides
d. miticides
6. Aflatoxin is formed by
a. Aspergillus flavus
b. Aspergillus rhizopus
c. Aspergillus scabies
d. Aspergillus Ipomeae
7. Fungi in the Philippines reproduce mainly by forming

mycelia
a. sexual spores
b. asexual spores
c. mycelia
d. endospores
8. Fungal pathogens are often isolated by

a. serial dilution
b. tissue planting
c. spore trapping
d. Baermann funnel
9. Quiescent or latent infection is often associated with

a. soft rot diseases
b. die-back
c. blights
d. anthracnose
10. Bacteria unlike fungi cannot enter the host plant

through
a. Stomata
b. hydathodes
c. lenticels
d. intact host surface
11. Group of microorganisms that can directly penetrate

the intact host surface
a. fungi
b. bacteria
c. viruses
d. viroids
12. Fungal structure used for attachment to the host

surface
a. penetration peg
b. germ tube
c. haustorium
d. appressorium
Section 4. Mycology 13. Some fungal pathogens form this structure to obtain
nutrients from the host
1. Fungal mycelium appearing on rotten fruit is a a. germ tube
a. symptom b. sporeling
b. sign c. infection hypha
c. pathogen d. haustorium
d. disease
14. In the absence of plants in field, fungal pathogens will
2. Mummification of fruits is an example of not survive in
a. sign a. plant debris
b. suscept b. soil
the authors.
c. seeds
d. human beings 27. Fungi belonging to Class Oomycetes are commonly
called the
15. Characteristic of fungi a. rust fungi
a. eukaryotic b. plasmodiophoroid fungi
b. prokaryotic c. powdery mildew fungi
c. chlorophyllous d. downy mildew fungi
d. photosynthetic
28. A known non-spore forming fungus is
16. Not a source of pathogen inoculum a. Fusarium
a. soil b. Aspergillus
b. infected weeds c. Rhizoctonia
c. plant debris d. Pyricularia
d. uninfected plant
29. The asexual stage of fungi is also known as the
17. The presence of different nuclei in the same mycelium a. pleomorph stage
is b. anamorph stage
a. heterotrophism c. teliomorph stage
b. hermaphrodite d. holomorph stage
c. heterokaryosis
d. heterothallism 30. The fungal inocula that initiate rust disease outbreak in
the tropics are the
18. Example of sexual spores are a. uredospores
a. zoospores b. teliospores
b. uredospores c. basidiospores
c. chlamydospores d. aeciospores
d. ascospores
31. A fungus merely covering the surface of the plant
19. Examples of asexual spores are without necessarily parasitizing it
a. teliospores a. sooty mold
b. zygospores b. slime mold
c. oospores c. powdery mold
d. conidia d. grey mold
20. The walls of fungi generally contain 32. A group of substances secreted by pathogens that
a. chitin interfere with the permeability of protoplast membrane
b. glucan a. enzymes
c. chitin and glucan b. growth regulators
d. pectin c. toxins
d. suppressors
21. Clearly demonstrated that fungi are the cause, and not
the result of plant diseases 33. Fungi that only reproduce asexually
a. De Bary a. Ascomycetes
b. Prevost b. Zygomycetes
c. Kuhn c. Deuteromycetes
d. Burril d. Basidiomycetes
22. Dean of Filipino Plant Pathologists 34. In a life cyle of a typical myxomycete, the myxamoeba
a. Gonzales are usually formed during
b. Ocfemia a. dry condition
c. Teodoro b. humid condition
d. D. Orillo c. hot condition
d. sunny condition
23. A common symptom of diseases caused by fungi
a. mosaic 35. The naming of newly discovered fungal species is
b. sarcody based commonly on
c. spot a. location
d. yellowing b. host
c. distinct structural character
24. Signs that do not indicate fungal infection d. well-known mycologist
a. mycelial tufts
b. spores 36. Non-parasitic fungi which are present on plant parts
c. sclerotia with deposit of insects, particularly aphids and scale
d. gummosis insects.
a. downy mildew fungi
25. Fungi like Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus b. powdery mildew fungi.
infecting cereal and legume seeds produce a carcinogenic c. sooty mold fungi
toxin which is d. slime molds
a. mycotoxin
b. aflatoxin 37. Growth of germ tube towards hosts or substrates may
c. fumonisin be due to chemicals. This condition is
d. tabtoxin a. thigmotropism
b. phototropism
26. Which among the following phyla belongs to the c. chemotropism
kingdom of true fungi d. aerotropism
a. Oomycota
b. Zygomycota 38. Phylogenetic classification of fungi is based on
c. Myxomycota a. character sets
d. Plasmodiophoromycota b. ultrastructural features
the authors.
c. hyphal arrangement 51. Effective seed treatment fungicide against corn downy
d. evolutionary relationship mildew
a. mancozeb
39. A subgroup within a species usually characterized by b. metalaxyl
the common possession of a single or few new characters c. captan
a. biotype d. benomyl
b. race
c. strain 52.Color band of highly toxic pesticides
d. formae speciales a. blue
b. red
40. A fungal insect parasite c. yellow
a. Metarrhizium d. green
b. bCurvularia
c. Gilmaniella
d. Choanepora
41. The most common infectious agents of plant disease

a. Bacteria
b. fungi
c. nematodes
d. phanerogams
42. Sigatoka is a fungal disease of

a. Mango
b. banana
c. citrus
d. rice
43. The causal agent of mango anthracnose is

a. Lasiodiplodia theobromae
b. Diplodia natalensis
c. Sphaceloma fawcetti
d. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
44. Peronosclerospora philippinensis is the causal agent

of
a. downy mildew of corn
b. downy mildew of grapes
c. downy mildew of crucifer
d. downy mildew of cucurbits.
45. The causal agent of corn rust is

a. Uromyces phaseoli
b. Bipolaris maydis
c. Puccinia polysora
d. Ustilago maydis-zeae
46. Gibberella fujikurol is the causal agent of

a. rice blast
b. bakanae of rice
c. rice sheath blight
d. Brown spot
47. Rice fungal disease that caused the Bengal famine in

1943
a. rice blast
b. rice tungro
c. brown spot
d. sheath blight
48. Fungal disease that destroyed the coffee industry of

Batangas
a. rust
b. twig blight
c. Fusarium wilt
d. Sclerotium rot
49. Fungal pathogens that do not produce any spores

a. Oidium and Cladosporium
b. Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium
c. Fusarium and Helminthosporium
d. Colletotrichum and Gloeosporium
50. Which is not included in Koch's postulates?

a. association
b. isolation
c. inoculation
d. colonization
the authors.
Section 5. Nematology
1. The only plant pathogen belonging to animal kingdom

a. aphids
b. earthworms
c. nematodes
d. mole crickets
2. This nematode is known as the root knot nematode and

is considered as the most destructive to worldwide
agriculture.
a. Meloidogyne
b. Xiphinema
c. Trichodorus
d. Radopholus
3. This nematode is known as the burrowing nematode

and is a major parasite of bananas and plantains causing
the "toppling disease".
a. Meloidogyne incognita
b. Xiphinema index
c. Trichodorus primitivus
d. Radopholus similis
4. Some nematodes are able to transmit plant viruses.

What role do these nematodes play in disease
development?
a. Incitants
b. Vectors
c. Pathogens
d. Parasites
5. Some nematodes alter host physiology, rendering a

resistant crop susceptible to invasion of fungal or bacterial
pathogens. What role do these nematodes play in disease
development?
a. Incitants
b. Vectors
c. Pathogens
d. Parasites
6. For annual crops, the maximum number of nematode

parasites can be recovered during
a. Fallow period
b. Vegetative stage
c. Flowering stage
d. Near harvest stage
7. This is the outer non-cellular layer covering the

nematode body and is shed-off during molting.
a. exoskeleton
b. skin
c. endoskeleton
d. cuticle
8. This/these feeding structure/s distinguish/es plant

parasitic from non-plant parasitic nematodes.
a. stylet
b. denticles
c. mural tooth
d. all of the above
9. For root knot and cyst nematodes, this is also known as

the infective stage
adult female
a. 1st stage juvenile
the authors.
b. 2nd stage juvenile

c. 4th stage juvenile 21. If juveniles and adults are motile and outside of roots
during all life cycle stages plant parasitic nematode is a/an
10. Where are the eggs of root-knot nematode deposited? a. migratory ectoparasite.
a. inside body of females b. migratory endoparasite
b. in a gelatinous matrix c. direct parasite
c. outside the root d. indirect parasite
d. migration path
22. If juveniles and adults are motile during all life cycle
11. What is the typical life cycle of Meloidogyne incognita? stages but may be either within or inside of roots a plant
a. migratory ectoparasite parasitic nematode is a/an
b. sedentary ectoparasite a. migratory ectoparasite
c. migratory endoparasite b. migratory endoparasite
d. sedentary endoparasi c. direct parasite
d. indirect parasite
12. Which of the following root symptoms should raise
suspicion of a nematode problem? 23. If an infective stage juvenile enters a root, takes up a
a. galls or swelling feeding site and remains at that site a plant parasitic
b. wilting nematode is a /an
c. leaf spot a. direct parasite
d. chlorosis b. indirect parasite
c. sedentary endoparasite
13. Which of the following is not typical of nematode injury d. sedentary ectoparasite
to plants?
a. mechanical damage to cells 24. Education, quarantine, using certified planting
b. death of plants materials, checking suspect materials before planting, and
c. virus transmission cleaning equipment, are examples of what type of
d. death of cells management of plant parasitic nematodes
a. prevention
14. Plant parasitic nematodes are diagnosed by examining b. protection
a. soil and roots c. eradication.
b. leaves d. immunization
c. fruits
d. stems 25. Crop rotation, using resistant varieties, fallowing, using
cover crops, and varying the date of planting and harvest
15. The typical number of juvenile stages in the life cycle are examples of what type of management of plant
of a nematode is parasitic nematodes
a. 2 a. biological
b. 3 b. cultural
c. 4 c. physical
d. 5 d. chemical
16. Nematodes which produce eggs that hatch after being 26. The most widely used category of chemicals for
laid are called management of plant parasitic nematodes has traditionally
a. parthenogenetic been
b. hermaphroditic a. mebendazoles
c. oviparous b. carbamates
d. ovoviviparous c. fumigants
d. natural products
17. Nematode species which require the presence of both
females and males for reproduction to occur are called 27. A broad spectrum gaseous chemical used for
a. amphimictic management of plant parasitic nematodes that is thought
b. parthenogenetic to be damaging to the ozone layer is
c. hermaphroditic a. metam-sodium
d. ovoviviparous b. carbamate
c. methyl bromide
18. Process reproducing from eggs without fertilization by d. all of the above
sperm cells is called
a. amphimictic 28. The practice of incorporating fresh plants or plant
b. parthenogenetic materials onto the soil as a control plant parasitic
c. hermaphroditic nematodes is called
d. oviparous a. biological control
b. biofumigation
19. Possessing both functional male and female c. fallowing
reproductive organs is d. organic fertilization
a. amphimictic
b. parthenogenetic 29. What is the main compound present in some species
c. hermaphroditic of Tagetes that repels and/or suppress certain plant
d. none of the above parasitic nematodes?
a. alpha terthienyl
b. beta-ocimene
20. In some genera of plant parasitic nematodes like c. isothiocyanate
Meloidogyne, Globodera, Heterodera, etc, males and d. all of the above
females have entirely different morphology. How is this
phenomenon called? 30. What is the practice of leaving the farm unplanted for
a. sexual degeneration certain period, thus, depriving the nematodes of their hosts
b. sexual mutation which brings their population into a significantly low level?
c. sexual diversity a. crop rotation
d. sexual dimorphism b. fallowing
the authors.
c. sanitation
d. solarization 41. Avariety is said to be tolerant if it
a. Produce good yield despite of high level of
31. The following except for one are responsible for nematode infestation
nematode control by incorporating fresh chicken dung into b. Suppress the multiplication of nematodes
infested soils c. Does not show symptoms
a. It harbors lots of microorganisms that may be d. Low levels of nomatode population
parasitic to nematodes
b. It generates heat during decomposition 42. The permanent nurse cells induced by ROOT KNOT
c. It increases soil fertility NEMATODES in roots are called
d. It imparts toxic compounds a. galls
b. syncytia
32. In the Philippines, BIOACT and BIOCON are c. giant cells
commercial products of a fungus that parasitizes d. nodules
Meloidogyne spp, Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus
reniformis, etc.vWhat is that fungus? 43. The permanent nurse cells induced by CYST
a. Paecilomyces lilacinus NEMATODES in roots are called
b. Verticillium chlamydosporium a. root galls
c. Arthrobotrys oligospora b. syncytia
d. Rhizoctonia solani c. giant cells
d. root nodules
33. What is the common pattern of nematode spatial
distribution in a field? 44. Tylenchulus semipenetrans is the most widespread
a. random and serious nematode pest of citrus in the Philippines.
b. patchy What citrus disorder is caused by this nematode?
c. uniform a. citrus decline
d. none of the above b. 26citrus tristeza
c. toppling disease of citrus
34. Which of the following facilitates long-distance spread d. citrus root rot
of nematodes?
a. Water 45. Which of the following is NOT true about the nature of
b. Drainage plant parasitic nematodes?
c. infected seeds/bulbs/corms a. Worm-shaped except for females of some genera
d. soil particles adhering on farm equipment which are swollen
b. Two or more species/ genera may infect a single
35. In what order does the most of the important genera of host
plant parasitic nematodes belong? c. Parasitizes plants but in their absence, may feed
a. Triplonchida on soil fungi and
b. Dorylaimida d. Needs a thin film of water for movement
c. Tylenchida
d. Aphelenchida 46. Consider the disease complex situation between
Pratylenchus sp. (a nematoda) and Fusarium sp. (a
36. What is the most preferred site for penetration of soilborne fungal pathogen) illustrated below. Which of the
infective stage of Meloidogyneroot spp.? statementa below is NOT correct?
a. root cap
b. zone of elongation
c. zone of differentiation
d. zone of maturation
37. What soil texture is generally most preferred by plant

parasitic nematodes?
a. sandy
b. clayey
c. silty a. Pratylenchus is the more important pathogen
d. muddy b. Pratylenchus broke-down the resistance of the
plant to Fusarium
38. Which life stage of the nematode will NOT be killed by c. It would be necessary to control both Fusarium
a systemic nematicide? and Pratylenchus
a. eggs d. It would be enough to control only Pratylenchus
b. juveniles
c. females feeding inside the roots
d. Females feeding on the root surface
39, Hot water treatment is a very practical method of

controlling nematodes that are possibly harbored by
planting materials, thus preventing their introduction to a
new focality. The following planting materials can be
subjected to this procedure EXCEPT for
a. Seedpotato
b. banana com
c. rice seeds
d. onion bulb
40. In hematology, a variety is said to be resistant if it

a. Produce good yield despite of high level of
nematode infestation
b. Suppresses the multiplication of nematodes
c. Supports multiplication of nematodes
d. Leaves of plants appear normal
the authors.
Section 6. General Plant Virology
1. Which of the following methods primarily determines a

biological property of a plant virus?
a. ease of inoculation
b. shape and size of its particle
c. positive reaction of certain stains
d. positive reaction of certain hosts
2. A plant virus is not stable when

a. its infectivity is retained even with harsh
environments
b. it infects only one host
c. it has a vector
d. it has a wide host range
3. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the

smaller/shorter species of proteins and nucleic acids
a. occupy the upper (top) part of the gel
b. occupy the bottom part of the gel
c. remain stationary
d. occupies the middle part of the gel
4. Which of the following is true of non-persistent viruses?

a. infects and multiplies in specific tissues/cells of
the host
b. is transmitted by both aphids and leafhoppers
c. its vectors loss the ability to transmit them after
molting
d. its vectors do not loss the ability to transmit the
virus after molting
5. A plant infected with cant reduction in its yield is

considered a virus concentration in but shows no
significant reduction in its yield is considered
a. Susceptible
b. Resistant
c. Tolerant
d. semi-tolerant
6. In general, plants infected with persistent viruses show

symptoms that are mostly
the authors.
a. dwarfing/stunting and mosaics/mottles 16. Virus genome organization means the arrangement of
b. dwarfing/stunting and leaf curls/cupping the
c. dwarfing/stunting and yellowing/chlorosis a. nucleic acid with its protein coat
d. dwarfing/stunting and leaf fall b. amino acids in all its coat proteins
c. various genes along the whole nucleic acid
7. Who among the scientists named below is considered strand
the Father of Virology? d. sugars with its coat protein
a. Berkeley
b. Beijerinck 17. In plant viruses having a double stranded nucleic acid
c. Newton genomes, which of the following is/are not true?
d. Galileo a. strands are held together by hydrogen bonds
b. strands are in opposite polarities
8. The shape of the virus particle is a stable characteristic. c. thymine or uracyl pairs with adenine
Which of the following is not a known shape of the plant d. strands are held together by nitrogen bonds
viruses?
a. Rod 18. Which of the following would contribute highly to a fast
b. spherical characterization of a plant virus? It being
c. geminate a. a virus with known physical properties in vitro
d. triangle b. transmitted only by certain species of a vector
c. infects specialized cells of its host
9. An example of a rod shaped plant virus is d. easily mechanically transmitted
a. tobacco mosaic
b. rice tungro 19. The biological properties of a virus are reflected
c. banana bunchy to through infectivity assays. In this type of assay...
d. citrus tristeza virus a. only purified viruses can be tested
b. Both purified and viruses in sap can be tested
10. A virus is different from a viroid in that the viroid is c. only infectious particles cause infections
composed of d. both infectious and non-infectious particles
a. single stranded circular RNA and a protein coat necessary for infection
b. single stranded RNA alone with extensive base
paring 20. Plant viruses with genomes, whether composed of one
c. single stranded DNA alone with extensive base or more than one strand. enclosed in a single coat protein
paring is a
d. single stranded circular DNA and a protein coat a. helper virus
b. dependent virus
11. Pioneering experiments that laid the foundations of c. monocomponent virus
virology as a discipline of biology were those by d. satellite virus
a. Shepherd and co-workers
b. Stanley, Markham and Smith 21. From the site of inoculation, plant viruses spread
c. Schramm, Frankael-Conrat and Williams through the plant in a slow cell-to-cell spread through the
d. Mayer, Iwanowski and Beijerinck a. stomata
b. xylem
12. The early works on plant diseases due to viruses were c. plasmodesmata
based on the simple fact that they are d. phloem
a. very infectious and cause mosaic/mottle
symptoms 22. Which of the following is a barrier to virus movement
b. very infectious and very small through the plant.
c. are transmitted by aphids a. movement from the first infected cell
d. associated with leafhoppers b. movement out of parenchyma cells into vascular
tissues
13. The plant viruses have been labeled as genetic c. movement out of the vascular tissue into the
parasites in that they.. parenchyma of an invaded
a. take over the genetic machinery of their host cells d. movement out of the stylet of the vector among
for their own reproduction epidermal cells of the plant
b. allow continuous and uncontrolled division of their
host cells 23. The survival and spread of certain plant viruses
c. take over the DNA of their host cells and package depend on
it as their own a. amount of virus produced in infected tissues
d. use the enzymes of the host for their assembly b. its degree of stability
into particles c. persistence in its vector
d. all of the above
14. The most important group of vectors of plant viruses,
both in terms of number of the viruses they transmit and 24. Which virus would most likely survive?
the economic importance of the diseases these viruse a. a virus that kills its host plants with a rapidly
cause, is the developing systemic disease
a. hoppers b. a virus that causes only mild or moderate survive
b. whiteflies and reproduce effectively disease that allows the
c. aphids plant to
d. Beetles c. a virus that will not infect and cause any disease
d. a virus that does not replicate in plants
15. A number of economically important virus diseases
have been ravaging crops in the Philippines. Which of the 25. Which of the following would not contribute to plant
following is not a virus disease? virus disease epidemics?
a. rice tungro a. presence of active and mobile vectors
b. papaya ring spot b. planting of susceptible hosts
c. abaca/banana bunchy to c. monocropping
d. coconut cadang-cadang d. multicropping
the authors.
26. Roguing as a virus disease control strategy is 36. The structural protein component of plant viruses is the
worthwhile or effective if disease spread one assembled to be the capsid while the nonstructural
a. is occurring rapidly relative to the lifetime of the proteins are those that.....
crop a. Protect the nucleic acid genome
b. is occurring slowly relative to the lifetime of the b. mediate replication of the genome
crop c. determine the type of relationship with its vector
c. is occurring simultaneously on several hosts d. protect another protein
d. is occurring at random
37. Which of the following mediates the synthesis of RNA
27. A seed infected with a virus is an important source of from a viral RNA template?
infection since the seed introduces a. DNA dependent DNA polymerase
a. the virus into the crop at a very early stage b. DNA dependent RNA polymerase
b. a concentrated foci of infection throughout the c. RNA dependent RNA polymerase
crop d. RNA dependent DNA polymerase
c. the virus into the crop at all stages of the crop
d. the virus into the crop at a late stage. 38. The study of the reaction of the antibody and antigen
in vitro is called
28. When a virus preparation is treated with mild alkali (0.3 a. Immunology
M NaOH), the following biomolecules would be expected b. Hematology
to be cleaved c. serology
a. Proteins d. virology
b. DNAs 33. Which of the following fungus is not known to include
c. RNAs species as vectors of plant viruses?
d. polysaccharides a. Olpidium spp.
b. Phytophthora spp.
29. A virus preparation which is not so pure (i.e. contains c. Spongaspora spp.
host components) when used to immunize a rabbit, the d. Plasmodiophora spp.
rabbit will
a. produce antibodies against the virus only 40 With the use of insecticides to control a persistently
b. produce antibodies of the host plant component transmitted plant virus, the following is/are not expected
only effect/s
c. produce antibodies to both the virus and host a. reduction of total inoculum
component b. reduction of disease spread
d. not produce any antibody c. reduction of total insect vector population
d. no reduction of disease spread
30. Which of the following is a form of susceptible
response by the plant to a virus infection? 41. Which of the following should not be considered in
a. production of local lesions identifying or classifying a plant virus?
b. relatively fast appearance of severe symptoms a. genomic organization
c. slow virus multiplication and spread in it b. type of nucleic acid
d. slow appearance of symptoms c. shape of particle
d. organization of protein
31. Which of the following is true of a virus as an antigen?
a. induces the production of antibodies and reacts 42. A persistently transmitted virus
specifically to the antibodies a. Induces foliar symptoms such as mosaic, stunting
b. should react to all antibodies produced or dwarfing
c. induces only the production of antibodies in a b. is lost by the vector after a few seconds to
warm-blooded animal minutes of vector probing/feeding
d. not recognized by antibodies in immunized c. usually has no latent period
animals d. has a long latent period
32. The early definitions of a virus mentioned which of the 43. A virus that does not persist in its insect vector
following characteristic? a. infects specialized cells such as those in the
a. as obligate parasites vascular system
b. possession of RNA as genome b. is transmitted after several hours to a few days of
c. smaller than the pore size of bacterial filters vector probing/feeding
d. cause mosaic symptoms c. is not lost after molting of the vector
d. is lost after molting of the vector
33. The virus capsid are made up of subunits called
a. coat proteins
b. amino acids
c. polypeptides
d. capsomeres
34. DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids in
viruses. These nucleic acids can best be differentiated on
which of the following?
a. nitrogen bases
b. sequence
c. phosphate groups
d. length
35. The main components of plant viruses are

a. DNA + glycoprotein + lipids
b. Transfer RNA+ protein + lipids
c. glyconucleoprotein + lipids
d. either DNA or RNA + protein
the authors.
Section 7. Management of Plant Diseases
1. Integrated Pest Management does not encourage

a. Combination of two or more control measures
b. Optimization of control methods
c. Utilization of natural mortality factors
d. Frequent, non-judicious use of pesticides
2. Refers to the ability to endure pest attack without

suffering from significant loss of yield.
a. tolerance
b. antibiosis
c. non-preference
d. hypersensitive
3. Pest control method that includes tactics causing pests

to contribute to the destruction of their own species.
the authors.
a. Autocidal Control a. getting rid of a pest once it is introduced in an

b. Biological Control area
c. Behavioral Control b. killing pest inside host
d. Genetic control c. keeping pest away from the host
d. shielding host from pest through physical or
4. It is a type of host resistance where insects exhibit chemical means
abnormal development when they feed on resistant host.
a. Non-preference 15. It refers to the population or injury level of pest where a
b. Tolerance pest control method should be initiated in order to prevent
c. Antibiosis significant economic loss
d. Horizontal resistance a. economic injury level (EIL)
b. economic threshold level
5. Refers to the control of pest by living organisms under c. warning threshold level
either natural or artificial circumstances. d. damage threshold level
a. Cultural Control
b. Biological Control 16. The following attributes of modern agriculture
c. Behavioral Control aggravates pest and disease problems
d. mechanical control a. continuous monoculture
b. use of high yielding varieties (HYVS)
6. Refers to pest whose population equilibrium is always c. excessive use of chemical inputs
above the economic threshold level. d. all of the above
a. Key pests
b. Occasional pests 17. Legal actions intended to exclude potential pests and
c. Potential pests to prevent spread of those already present
d. Minor pests a. eradication
b. containment
7. Refers to the level of pest population or injury, which c. uppression
indicates potential danger d. quarantine
a. Economic Threshold Level
b. Economic Injury Level 18. Which of the following is not an insecticide
c. Warming Threshold Level a. Endrin
d. Action Threshold Level b. Malathrin
c. Cypermethrin
8. Principle of crop protection where the host is d. Permethrin
manipulated to resist pest attack.
a. Protection 19. Which of the following is a systemic fungicide
b. Host evasion a. Metalaxyl
c. Immunization b. Captan
d. Avoidance c. Mancozeb
d. Chlorothalonil
9. Interaction between two organisms where both are
adversely affected is called 20. Which of the following crop is a heavy user of fungicide
a. competition worldwide
b. parasitism a. Grape
c. amensalism b. Apple
d. symbiosis c. Banana
d. Citrus
10. It is a phase in the sequential development of crop
protection (according to Smith, 1969) which is 21. Which of these pesticide groups is excessively used in
characterized by serious pest outbreaks due to excessive the Philippines
use of pesticides and finally the collapse of pest control a. Fungicides
program b. Insecticides
a. Crisis Phase c. Herbicides
b. Integrated Pest Control d. Nematicides
c. Exploitation Phase
d. Disaster Phase 22. Effective physical pest control action
a. Bagging
11. Which of the following is an autotroph? b. Hand picking
a. weed c. Herding
b. plant pathogen d. Flooding
c. insect pest
d. parasite or predator 23. It is a biological control product against pests
a. Katol
12. Which of these are density-independent mortality b. Dipel
factors. c. Methyl Eugenol
a. parasites d. Off
b. predators
c. food supply 24. It is a biological control product against weed
d. drought a. Dipel
b. Gallex
13. A concoction of lime, copper sulfate and water which c. Kodiak
had been accidentally found to mixture possess fungicidal d. Devine
activity
a. lime sulfur 25. Which of the following is a contact herbicide
b. Bordeaux a. 2-4 D
c. copper fungicide b. Glyphosate
d. Paris Green c. Paraquat
d. Butachlor
14. The principle of pest exclusion means
the authors.
26. Physical pest control method required to eliminate fruit

flies on mango and papaya for export to Japan. 36. The principle of immunization is achieved through
a. Hot Water Treatment a. providing chemical or physical barrier
b. Vapor heat treatment b. application of pesticides
c. Refrigiration c. improving the nutrition of the host
d. UV radiation d. pruning infected plant parts
27. Which of these pesticide groups is excessively used 37. The discovery of DDT is considered as one of the
worldwide? major events in the history of crop protection When was
a. Fungicides DDT discovered?
b. Insecticides a. 1959
c. Herbicides b. 1937
d. Nematicides c. 1935
d. 1939
28. Sustainable agriculture shall mean any method of
practice that aims to make agriculture 38. It is considered as pest of quarantine interest in
a. economically viable Palawan
b. ecologically sound a. Mango seed weevil
c. socially just b. Mango pulp weevil
d. all of the above c. Mango weevil
d. Asiatic Palm weevil
29. A phase in the development of crop protection which is
characterized by the use of traditional varieties and natural 39. A rite traditionally performed by the Romans to
pest control methods. appease the goddess associated with cereal rust disease
a. Disaster phase is
b. Crisis phase a. Robigus
c. Exploitation phase b. Robigalia
d. Subsistence Phase c. Robigalion
d. Robicon
30. A recommendation calls for 1 gm active ingredient
(a.i.) of metalaxyl per kg of corn seeds. If Apron 50 SD 40. Comprises the total complex of organisms in a
(formulated product) contains 50% metalaxyl, how much cropped area together with all aspects of the environment
Apron 50 SD is needed to treat 100 kg sweet corn seeds? as modified by the activities of man.
a. 200 g a. Ecosystem
b. 100 g b. Pathosystem
c. 20 g c. agroecosystem
d. 2g d. crop system
31. If Sovin 50 WP is recommended for leafhopper control 41. The study of disease development in plant population
at the rate of 100 gm Sevin 50 WP per 100 li of water, is called
what is the concentration or strength of the finished spray a. Epidemiology
in ppm? b. Etiology
a. 100 c. Phytopathology
b. 1000 d. Endemicity
c. 500
d. 5000 42. Which of the following is a factor involved in disease
production?
32. Given the application rate of 100 gm Sevin 50WP per a. plant susceptibility and pathogen virulence
100 liter of water, what is the concentration or strength of b. duration and intensity of various environmental
the finished spray in percent ai? factors
a. 0.01 c. intervention measures by man
b. 0.10 d. all of the above
c. 0.05
d. 0.005 43. An epidemic is more likely to occur when
a. there is monocropping of a single variety over a
33. Given the application rate of 100 gm Sevin 50WP per wide area
100 liter water, what is the recommended rate of b. plants are predisposed by excessive fertilization
application in table spoon (tbs) per 16 liters of water or injuries
(1 tbsp=10g)? c. the environment is favorable for disease
a. 1.6 tbs development
b. 3 tbs d. all of the above
c. 16 tbs
d. 6 tbs 44. The prevention of a new pathogen from being
introduced into a locality where it is currently unknown to
34. The interaction between two organisms where one occur is the principle of
party is benefited while the other is adversely affected is a. Protection
called. b. Exclusion
a. competition c. Eradication
b. parasitism d. Immunization
c. amensalism
d. mutualism 45. Establishment of physical or chemical barriers to avoid
contact of the pathogen and the crop is the principle of
35. A type of cultural practice which tend to reduce both a. Exclusion
the initial pest population or sources of infestation and b. Eradication
reproductive ability of the pests. c. Protection
a. crop rotation d. Immunization
b. pruning
c. tillage 46. The principle that aims to eliminate pathogens that
d. furrowing have become established in an area.
the authors.
a. Exclusion d. pandemic
b. Eradication
c. Protection 57. The widespread distribution of clubroot disease of
d. Immunization cabbage in the Mountain Province can be attributed to
a. wet and humid condition in the area
47. Modification of certain physiological or physical b. the poor fertility of the soil
features of the host so that it can repel infection, as in c. the elevation of the farms
breeding for disease resistance. d. none of the above
a. Exclusion
b. Eradication 58. Coconut planting materials from the Bicol region are
c. Protection subjected under quarantine to manage this disease.
d. Immunization a. coconut bud rot
b. bunchy top
48. A highly effective fungicide accidentally discovered by c. cadang-cadang disease
Pierre Marie Alexis Millardet in October 1982 is d. bugtok
a. Bordeaux mixture
b. copper sulfate 59. Fallowing the field can control diseases in crops by
c. copper chloride a. reducing the rate of disease spread
d. Mancozeb b. reducing the amount of initial inoculum
c. both a and b
49. Rice tungro can be effectively managed by application d. reducing the symptom expression
of insecticide. In this case disease management is
achieved through 60. Some diseases may not be visible when the fruit is still
a. reduction in the initial amount of inoculum unripe but begin to manifest its symptoms when ripening
b. reduction in the rate of inoculum production has commenced. This is exemplified by
c. controlling the vector a. stem end rot of avocado
d. all of the above b. scab of citrus
c. soft rot of carrots
50. An air pollutant is any factor mediated by the d. fruit blotch of watermelon
atmosphere that causes an unwanted effect. Which is not
an air pollutant?
a. ethylene
b. nitrogen oxide
c. cement dust
d. chicken dung
51. The presence of ooze from the infected tissue is a sign

of _______ infection.
a. fungal
b. bacterial
c. nematode
d. virus
52. The presence of this bodies in the nucleus or

cytoplasm of the cell of an infected plant may indicate viral
infection.
a. fat bodies
b. inclusion bodies
c. starch inclusions
d. antibodies
53. The components of the disease pyramid are

a. pathogen, host, environment, time
b. pathogen, host, environment, time, human
intervention
c. pathogen, host, environment
d. pathogen, host, environment, time, resources
54. The famous downy mildew of corn (Peronosclerospora

philippinensis) can be effectively controlled by
a. rouging of infected plants
b. seed treatment with Apron®
c. detasseling
d. good fertilization
55. In disease assessment, this is the proportion of plant

units diseased in relation to the total number of units
examined
a. severity
b. yield loss.
c. incidence
d. spread
56. This is a phenomenon where the pathogen spreads to

and affects many individuals within the population over a
relatively large area within a short period of time
a. plague
b. epidemic
c. epidemiology
the authors.
c. One month
d. One week
11. Perennial weeds are also called "evergreens" and

reproduce by seeds and vegetative propagules. Water
Section 8. Weed Science lettuce is an aquatic perennial that reproduces by:
a. Stolon
1. A grassy weed capable of producing contractile roots b. Rhizome
and arrested shoot growth when subjected to extremely c. Off-shoot
dry condition d. Tubers
a. Large crab grass
b. Itch grass 12. Grassy weeds (Poaceae) look similar to sedges except
c. Mudgrass that their stem called culm is:
d. Snodgrass a. Triangular
b. Cylindrical
2. Damage caused by weeds is generally not visible or c. Polyhedral
noticeable because: d. shapeless
a. Weeds seldom causes total crop failure
b. Weeds are always associated with domestic 13. The hairy membranous outgrowth in between
animals leafsheath and leaf blade in grasses is called:
c. It is not easy to see and count weeds a. Leaf blade
d. Weeds are hard to control b. Petiole
c. Ligule
3. Which weed species does not belong to the group: d. angular
a. Eleusine indica
b. Paspalum distichum 14. Seed dispersal through water run-off is common
c. Monochoria vaginalis among weeds because of.
d. Rottboelia cochinchinensis a. Light weight and possess oily film to enable them
to float
4. Broadleaf weeds are those with expanded leaf blades b. Impermeable to water
which include: c. Sometimes possessing swimmerets
a. Amaranthus spinosus d. Active swimmers
b. Monochoria vaginalis
c. Rottboellia cochinchinensis 15. Allelophaty in weeds-crop association means:
d. A and B Weeds secreting substances that may stimulate or retard
the growth of the associated crop:
5. Vegetative reproduction is common among perennial a. Weeds grow taller than the crop hence competing
weeds. Identify which vegetative propagule is applicable to for source of light
Pistia stratiotes or water lettuce: b. Weeds harbors insects that in turn destroy the
a. Rhizome associated crop
b. Bulb c. weeds as alternate host to pathogens
c. Off shoot
d. Tuber 16. Weeds adapt to the growing condition of the area. This
turf grass was introduced to Southeast Asia as a turf grass
6. Not all weeds are destructive, some are useful to man in but growing luxuriantly as a weed
terms of: a. Echinochloa colona
a. Providing food and cover for wild life b. Cynodon dactylon
b. Source of prohibited drugs c. Eleusine indica
c. Makes the soil acidic d. Digitaria spp.
d. Source of pathogenic microorganism
17. The most competitive stage of the weed plant is:
7. Weeds can also cause losses in terms of its effects on a. Mature stage
water management such as: b. Seedling stage
a. Serves as barrier for inland waterways and c. Juvenile stage
harbors d. Early stage
b. Active evaporation
c. Serves as growth medium. 18. Which among the following weed species is an
d. Harbors fishes and crabs example of a monocotyledonous broadleaf?
a. Bidens pilosa
b. Imperata cylindrica
8. This aquatic weed serves as host habitat to mosquitos c. Monochoria vaginalis
carrying the parasite responsible for rural filariasis and d. Sphenoclea zeylanica
encephalomyelitis:
a. Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) 19. The measure of the adaptive potential of a weed that
b. Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny amaranth) enables it to survive in an environment which is
c. Imperata cylindrica (cogon) continuously disturbed by man is referred to as:
d. Monochoria vaginalis (water lily) a. Adaptability
b. Persistence
9. Some weeds are toxic to to human and livestock. This c. Phenology
species cause diarrhea resulting death of animals: d. Sociability
a. Tridax procumbens
b. Chromolaena odorata 20. The following weed species reproduce asexually
c. Portulaca oleracea except:
d. Eleusine indica a. Cyperus rotundus
b. Fimbristylis littoralis
10. Annual weeds like Amaranthus and Sphenoclea c. Pistia stratiotes
reproduce mainly by seeds and complete its life cycle in: d. Paspalum distichum
a. One cropping season
b. One year
the authors.
21. To compute for the Summed Dominance Ratio of all b. It permits germination of the weeds after the crop
weeds found in the are, heshould: has been established
a. Get the sum of the relative values of density and c. It removes the capacity of the weeds to
biomass reproduce asexually.
b. Get the sum of the relative value of density and d. It prevents the weed seeds under the soil from
biomass then divide it by 3. decaying.
c. Determine the sum of density and biomass and
divide the sum by 2. 31. A grass is a weed which
d. Determine the sum of the relative values of Has a hollow sometimes solid cylindrical culm, distinct
density and biomass then divide the sum by 2. nodes and internodes, leaves that are arranged alternately
and arises from the nodes.
22. A weed which germinates, grows vegetatively, a. Has long, narrow and thin leaves
produces seeds and is able to live from year to year is: b. Has triangular culm, no distinct nodes and
a. annual weed internodes and leaves arranged in a rosetle
b. dicot weed manner
c. monocot weed c. A and B
d. perennial weed d. All of the above
23. Cyperus rotundus is able to persist because: 32. The primary propagule for reproduction of Imperata
a. It reproduces asexually cylindrical is:
b. The seed has pappus, which enables it to be a. tuber
disseminated by air. b. stolon
c. Its seeds have long viability period. c. rhizome
d. None of the above d. seed
e. All of the above
33. The period or stage in the life cycle of the crop where
24. Which of the following weeds could be found in weeds' presence could affect yield of the crop is referred
lowland rice areas? to as:
a. Little iron weed a. Critical density of weed competition
b. Dayflower b. Critical threshold density
c. Tropic ageratum c. Critical period of weed density
d. Sprangle top d. Critical period of weed competition
25. Weeds found in temperate areas differ from those in 34. Annual weeds are known to be present in the farm
the tropics because of: every season in spite of good control measures because:
a. difference in soil condition a. They happen to thrive in there.
b. difference in crops grown b. They have enormous amount of seeds in the soil
c. difference in climatic conditions c. Their seeds are not dormant
d. all of the above d. They have vegetative propagules in the soil.
e. none of the above
35. Most weeds belonging to Asteraceae family like
26. Which among the following weeds is a sedge? Vernonia cinerea are easily carried by wind from one place
a. beggarstick to another due to:
b. bulrush a. Seed appendages like pappus
c. little iron weed b. Seeds enclosed in burrs
d. spreading dayflower c. Seeds covered by an oily film
d. Seeds being dormant
27. In indigenous people's communities, some weeds are
removed and controlled at once, but others are left to grow 36. Which among the following best describes a weed in
with the crop for quite sometime because: relation
a. The weeds removed are hard to control while a. It is a product of natural selection crop production
those retained are easier to control b. It is a pest at a particular situation
b. The weeds removed are perennial while those c. It is a plant without any use nor function.
retained are annuals d. It is a plant whose virtues have not yet been
c. The weeds removed are aggressive while those discovered.
retained are not
d. The weeds removed are harmful to them while 37. Poisoning specimens for herbarium collection means:
those retained are of some use to them. a. Putting it in an oven or under the sun to dry.
b. Dipping it in a solution that would inhibit pest
28. Weeds with complete plant parts should be collected attack.
for an herbarium because: c. Flattening the specimen by putting any heavy
a. it would facilitate easier identification of the weed. object on top.
b. It would provide a good specimen. d. Cutting it into small parts to facilitate drying.
c. It would be a good practice to do so.
d. It would not be attacked by molds. 38. The best time to collect weeds is during:
a. Lunch time
29. In crop production, the primary reason why weed is b. Mornings
considered as a pest is: c. Late in the afternoon
a. It is able to harbor other organisms d. None of the above
b. It is able to significantly lower the quantity and
quality of products. 39. It refers to the number of weeds in a given unit area:
c. It produces seeds and vegetative propagules. a. Biomass
d. It annoys human. b. Density
c. Frequency
30. Seed dormancy is an important adaptive mechanism d. Summed dominance ratio
of weeds because:
a. It permits more weeds to germinate only when 40. It refers to the amount of organic matter produced per
environmental conditions in the farm would give a unit area.
greater chance for their survival. a. Biomass
the authors.
b. Density b. Density
c. Frequency c. Frequency
d. Summed dominance ratio d. Summed dominance ratio
41. Which among the following is a perennial weed? 52. Pistia stratiotes is able to reproduce through seeds
a. Ageratum conyzoides and vegetatively
b. Cyperus iria a. bulb
c. Paspalum distichum b. corm
d. Synedrella nodiflora c. off-shoot
d. tuber
42. 2,4-D is an old herbicide that can effectively control
broadleaf weeds. 2,4-D stands for 53. The following are weeds found in upland areas except.
a. 2,4 dichloro acetic acid a. Barnyard grass
b. 2,4-dichloro benzoic acid b. Goose grass
c. 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid c. Spindle top
d. 2,4-dichloro phenol acetic acid d. Spiny amaranth
43. Identification of weeds at the seedling stage is quite 54. A monocot weed is one with:
difficult because: a. Fibrous root system and leaves having parallel
a. Weeds belonging to the same family are very venation.
similar in appearance stage. b. Taproot system and leaves having netted
b. Weeds cannot be easily seen due to their small venation.
size. c. Fibrous root system and leaves with netted
c. Weeds tend to grow taller than crops. venation.
d. Weeds do not grow at this time. d. Taproot system and leaves having parallel
venation.
44. Which among the following factors is always important
for weed germination? 55. More than 95% of the weeds that infest crops come
a. Light from
b. Amount of photosynthesis a. Neighboring farms through irrigation water
c. Temperature b. Neighboring farms brought by wind.
d. Water c. The soil.
d. All of the above
45. Seeds of Cenchnus echinatus are easily disseminated
by man and animals because 56. Which of the following affect the degree of weed-crop
a. Their seeds are light and numerous competition?
b. Their seeds are enveloped by a thin and ily a. Competing ability of the dominant weed species
membrane. b. Competing ability of the crop
c. Their seeds have bur. c. Crop spacing
d. Their seeds are connected to a pappus. d. All of the above
46. Which among the following weed species is a 57. Which of the following reproduce by rhizomes and
sedge? seeds?
a. Ageratum conyzoides a. cogon grass
b. Cyperus iria b. bermuda grass
c. Paspalum conjugatum c. purple nutsedge
d. Sphenoclea zeylanica d. all of the above
58 Weed seeds are disseminated by
47. Which among the following weed species is a woody a. wind.
perennial weed? b. human beings.
a. Commelina diffusa c. small animal
b. Chromolaena odorata d. all of the above
c. Pistia stratiotes
d. Rottboollia cochinchinensis 59. Allelopathic plants are those that secrete substances
a. That enhance or inhibit germination and growth of
48. Which among the following weed species reproduces neighboring plants
by seed alone? b. That inhibit germination and growth of other
a. Commelina diffusa plants,
b. Chromolaena odorata c. That prevent the flowering of neighboring plants
c. Pistia stratiotes d. All of the above
d. Synedrella nodiflora
60. Weeds compete with crop plants for
49. Which among the following weeds are spread easily by a. space.
wind? b. soil nutrients and water.
a. Echinochloa glabrescens c. solar radiation.
b. Mimosa pudica d. All of the above
c. Tridax procumbens
d. Sphenoclea zeylanica 61. Which of the following can be used as biocontrol
agents of weeds?
50. The tubers of Cyperus rotundus would remain dormant a. insects
if: b. plant pathogens
a. There is continuous cultivation c. sheep
b. Cyperus rotundus plants are left intact. d. All of the above
c. Herbicides are not applied
d. The area where they are planted is weeded. 62. Which of the following can be considered cultural weed
control?
51. Which sampling parameter describes how often a a. Thorough land preparation
weed is found in a sampling area? b. Interrow cultivation
a. Biomass c. Use of high quality crop seeds
the authors.
d. All of the above 73. Which of the following growth stages of weeds are
most vulnerable to control measures?
63. An effective biological control agent of weeds should a. Seedling stage
a. Feed and reproduce only on the specific problem b. Flowering stage
weed species c. Tillering stage
b. Feed on several weed species. d. All of the above
c. Reproduce faster than the problem weed
species. 74. Which of the wing information should help in effectively
d. A and C managing weeds?
a. factors affecting germination
64. Interspecific weed competition is b. Number of days to flowering
a. Competition between the same weed species. c. Rate of growth of weed
b. Competition between different weed species. d. All of the above
c. Competition between the crop and the weeds.
d. All of the above 75. Factors that determine the weed distribution and
abundance include
65. Once a crop is infested with weeds, significant yield a. climate.
reduction b. edaphic.
a. will surely occur. c. rainfall.
b. Will surely not occur. d. All of the above
c. will occur if population has reached a level that
cannot be tolerated by the crop. 76. The following weed species are predominant in
d. All of the above transplanted irrigated lowland rice except
a. barnyard grass.
66. Mulching with organic materials desirable method of b. pickerel weed.
weed control because it c. cogon grass
a. inhibits weed growth. d. gooseweed.
b. helps in conserving soil moisture
c. softens the soil. 77. Covercropping is a desirable weed control method in
d. None of the above plantation tree crops
a. Leguminous plant species used for this purpose
67. Which of the following weed control methods can be include
effectively used in transplanted irrigated rice? b. Calopogonium mucunoides
a. Thorough land preparation c. Centrosema pubescens.
b. Use of high quality seeds d. Pueraria phaseoloides
c. Flooding e. All of the above
d. All of the above
78. 2,4-D is a
68. Interrow cultivation with animal-drawn native plows is a a. Selective postemergence translocated herbicide
common weed control method in dryland crops but b. Nonselective postemergence herbicide
a. It does not provide effective control of weeds c. Selected contact herbicide
along crop rows d. All of the above
b. It may injure the roots of crops.
c. It cannot be done when the soil is too wet. 79. Important parts of the knapsack sprayer are
d. All of the above a. tank.
b. Pump assembly
69. Integrated weed management is the use of appropriate c. nozzle.
control methods that d. All of the above
a. complement or supplement each other.
b. is ecologically and socially acceptable. 80. The types of spray nozzles commonly available in the
c. is cost effective. Philippines are
d. all of the above a. cone type.
b. fan type.
70. Perennial weeds are more difficult to control than c. deflecting type.
annuals because d. A and B
a. they are able to reproduce asexually and
sexually. 81. The volume of spray solution delivered per unit area
b. their vegetative organs are mostly found under a. Increases with higher pressures.
the ground. b. Increases with larger nozzle sizes.
c. they are able to regrow once they are cut. c. Decreases with faster speed of travel.
d. All of the above d. All of the above
71. Weeds are plants 82. The sprayer nozzle

a. that are out of place.. a. transforms the herbicide solution into fine
b. whose harmful effects greatly outweigh their droplets.
beneficial effects. b. mixes the herbicide and water in the tank.
c. that are undesirable c. guides the herbicide solution to target plants.
d. All of the above d. All of the above
72. Which of the following are benefits that may be derived

from plants that may be considered weeds in crops? 83. In an emulsifiable concentrate herbicide formulation,
a. Biological filters the active ingredient is
b. Possible source of germplasm for domesticated a. not soluble in organic solvents.
plants b. soluble in water and organic solvents.
c. Act as soil binders in rolling areas and minimize c. soluble in organic solvents but not in water.
erosion d. All of the above
d. All of the above
84. Selective herbicides
a. Kill the weeds but not the crop.
the authors.
b. Kill the weeds and inhibit crop growth.

c. Kill some plants but not others.
d. A and C
85. A postermergence herbicide is applied

a. after land preparation.
b. before land preparation.
c. after the weeds or crops have emerged.
d. All of the above
86. If the rate of application of a powder herbicide

containing 50% active ingredient is 0.5 kg active
ingredient/ha, the weight of formulated product needed for
1 hectare is
a. 250 g.
b. 500 g.
c. 150 g.
d. 1000 g.
87. The recommended rate of application of a liquid

herbicide containing 20% active ingredient/liter is 1.0 kg
ai/ha. If the delivery of a 16-liter knapsack sprayer that will
be used is 400 1/ha, the volume of the herbicide needed
for each tankload of solution is
a. 200 ml.
b. 100 ml.
c. 300 ml.
d. 400 ml.
the authors.

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Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University at Naawan

Section 1. Entomology c. Melon fruit fly

a. Head a. Economic injury level

47. A kind of damage caused by the feeding of an insect

69. The toxic component of a pesticide

70. An insecticide that is absorbed by and translocated in

71. A liquid pesticide formulation that does not dissolve in

72. A solid pesticide formulation applied undiluted where

73. Pesticide category symbolized by a red band and skull

74. Which is NOT an expression of active unit in pesticide

75. A universally accepted name given a pesticide by an

7. If the only available packaging in a farmer's favorite

8. Confidor SL 100 costs P750 per 250 ml bottle. How

9. Sumicidin 3EC has to be mixed at 5 tbsp/16-liter water.

10. If Sumicidin 3EC has to be mixed at 5 tbsp/16 L water,

21. What is the rate of application in terms of g ai/ha if

22. Insect pest to be controlled: leafhopper of eggplant

Type of Insecticide EC Insecticide WP

Insecticide cost P 980/L P750/kg

Considering insecticide and labor costs, how much wold

23. How much od Insecticide G is needed for 1.75-hectare

7. Causal agent of bacterial wilt of tomato

8. Causal agent of bacterial blight of rice

9. Causes fire blight of apples and pears

10. Not found in the cell envelope of Gram positive

11. Antibiotic that interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis

12. Bacterial surface appendage responsible for motility

Section 3. Bacteriology 13. Main means of reproduction of bacteria.

d. lysosome c. tricarboxylic acid cycle

4. May not cause diseases in plants

5. The corn disease incited by Bipolaris maydis may be

7. Fungi in the Philippines reproduce mainly by forming

8. Fungal pathogens are often isolated by

9. Quiescent or latent infection is often associated with

10. Bacteria unlike fungi cannot enter the host plant

11. Group of microorganisms that can directly penetrate

12. Fungal structure used for attachment to the host

41. The most common infectious agents of plant disease

42. Sigatoka is a fungal disease of

43. The causal agent of mango anthracnose is

44. Peronosclerospora philippinensis is the causal agent

45. The causal agent of corn rust is

46. Gibberella fujikurol is the causal agent of

47. Rice fungal disease that caused the Bengal famine in

48. Fungal disease that destroyed the coffee industry of

49. Fungal pathogens that do not produce any spores

50. Which is not included in Koch's postulates?

1. The only plant pathogen belonging to animal kingdom

2. This nematode is known as the root knot nematode and

3. This nematode is known as the burrowing nematode

4. Some nematodes are able to transmit plant viruses.

5. Some nematodes alter host physiology, rendering a

6. For annual crops, the maximum number of nematode

7. This is the outer non-cellular layer covering the

8. This/these feeding structure/s distinguish/es plant

9. For root knot and cyst nematodes, this is also known as

b. 2nd stage juvenile

37. What soil texture is generally most preferred by plant

39, Hot water treatment is a very practical method of