For Proposal Defense

TITLE: Modular Distance Learning Modality: Challenges of selected PNCHS-
SHS Teachers in Teaching during Pandemic

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
This study is anchored on the study of Cabardo, et.al. (2022) and
Castroverde & Acala
Cabardo concluded that the utilization of modular distance learning
provides various challenges to teachers, where they find it time-consuming
with learners submitting incomplete and unanswered modules, where
parental support was seemed inadequate and having insufficient trainings to
effectively use the learning modality in the teaching and learning.
Castroverde & Acala concluded that the teachers and the selected
secondary schools under the Division of Tacloban City encountered various
challenges in teaching using the modular distance learning modality amid the
Covid-19 pandemic. This includes the process of how they prepare, distribute
and collect modules, monitor students’ learning, check and evaluate their
outputs as well as provide feedback on students’ performance.
Title of Cabardo’s Study: Challenges and mechanisms of teachers in the
implementation of modular distance learning in the Philippines: a
phenomenological study
Authors: Jimmy Rey O. Cabardo, Cristy Jean O. Cabardo, Sheila Jean O. Cabardo-Mabida
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS:

This qualitative phenomenological study is focused on the challenges in
teaching by the selected Senior High School Teachers of Pototan National
Comprehensive High School using modular distance learning modality during
pandemic. This study has significant limitations to consider. Due to few samples
who will be selected through purposeful sampling, the insights collected may
not fully represent the challenges of selected PNCHS SHS teachers in teaching
using modular distance learning modality during pandemic.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
This study utilizes descriptive research design. Descriptive research aims
to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or
phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why
questions.
A descriptive research design can use a wide variety of research methods to
investigate one or more variables. Unlike in experimental research, the researcher
does not control or manipulate any of the variables, but only observes and
measures them (McCombes, 2022).
RESEARCH METHOD:
The discussion on the procedure for data collection were geared towards
in-depth interview guide to fit the information needed by the researchers.
 Face-to-face interview is a data collection method when the interviewer

directly communicates with the respondent in accordance with the prepared
questionnaire. … Thus, face-to-face interview method ensures the quality of
the obtained data and increases the response rate (Studybuff.com).
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY:
The participants will be identified through purposive sampling. Five (5)
selected SHS teachers of Pototan National Comprehensive High School will be
approach to request their voluntary involvement as key participants through
purposive sampling.
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT:
The data will be gathered through audio-recorders that will occur during
face-to-face in-depth interview. This study will utilize a researchers-made
questionnaire. Documentation will be utilized in data gathering.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY:

To ensure valid analysis, the researchers will discuss with the
participants their interpretations of the prior data in order to check for
agreement.
DATA ANALYSIS:
The data analysis collection involves thematic analysis and cross-case analysis.
Thematic analysis. This process was anchored to search data in order to
find repeated patterns of meaning.
Data familiarization. The researchers will make a transcription through
cellphone and laptop.
Coding. The researchers will read the transcript and made notes on the latest
meanings of the text.
Searching for theme. Codes with similar meanings will be grouped to form
categories.
Cross-case analysis. After the data was analyzed, the researchers will
engage in cross-case analysis to compare cases. The cross-case analysis was based
on the research questions.
Thematic analysis is the study of patterns of meaning. In other words, it’s about

analyzing the themes within your data set to identify meaning.
Cross-case analysis refers to analysis and findings that relate the situationality
elements and instructional methods found in specific cases to those found in other
cases.
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS:
1. What is the study all about?
 The study is all about the challenges of selected PNCHS-SHS teachers in
teaching using modular distance learning modality during pandemic.
2. Why did you decide to work on research on the said title?
 We decided to work on research on the said title because it is a relevant

and timely issue.
3. Why did you choose the selected respondents?
 We chose teachers as respondents because we can assure that the data
that we can gather from them is valid and reliable.
4. How did you come up with the research questions?
 We come up with the research questions base on the area of concern of
our study. we narrow down our topic and think of possible questions,
and then we select the best question and made it into a good research
question.
Authors of the model study:
FELICISIMO CASTROVERDE & MICHELL ACALA (MAY 30,

2021)
Title of the model study:
MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING MODALITY: CHALLENGES

OF TEACHERS IN TEACHING AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
SOURCES AND CITATIONS:
 Modular Instruction Enhances Learner Autonomy (Ma. Theresa Bringas

Nardo)
 Utilization of Modular Distance Learning (Sheree T. Park)
 The Challenges of Modular Distance Learning (Melody C. Manalac)
 Challenges and Mechanisms of Teachers in the Implementation of
Modular Distance Learning in the Philippines: a phenomenological
study (Jimmy Rey O. Cabardo, Cristy Jean O. Cabardo, and Sheila Jean O.
Cabardo-Mabida)
 How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others
(Brian E. Neubauer, Catherine T. Witkop, and Lara Varpio)

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TITLE: Modular Distance Learning Modality: Challenges of selected PNCHS-

SHS Teachers in Teaching during Pandemic

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS:

 Face-to-face interview is a data collection method when the interviewer

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY:

Thematic analysis is the study of patterns of meaning. In other words, it’s about

 The study is all about the challenges of selected PNCHS-SHS teachers in

teaching using modular distance learning modality during pandemic.

2. Why did you decide to work on research on the said title?

 We decided to work on research on the said title because it is a relevant

FELICISIMO CASTROVERDE & MICHELL ACALA (MAY 30,

Title of the model study:

MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING MODALITY: CHALLENGES

SOURCES AND CITATIONS:

 Modular Instruction Enhances Learner Autonomy (Ma. Theresa Bringas

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