Chap 11
Chap 11
Chap 11
Exercises 11.2
1. (a)
(b)
1
y = tan t + ln t sec2 t
t
(c)
(d)
1 −1/2 x
y = x e + x1/2 ex
2
1 √
= e x
√ + x
2 x
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
y = 4[cosh(t + 1) cosh(1 − t) − sinh(t + 1) sinh(1 − t)]
2. (a)
sin x(− sin x) − cos x(cos x) (sin2 x + cos2 x) −1
f (x) = 2 =− 2 = = −cosec2 x
sin x sin x sin2 x
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(b)
ln t. sec2 t − tan t. 1t
f (t) =
(ln t)2
(c)
(t3 + 1)2e2t − e2t .3t2 e2t (2t3 − 3t2 + 2)
f (t) = =
(t3 + 1)2 (t3 + 1)2
d)
(x3 + 1)(6x + 2) − (3x2 + 2x − 9)3x2
(x3 + 1)2
−3x4 − 4x3 + 27x2 + 6x + 2
=
(x3 + 1)2
(e)
(1 + ex )(2x + 1) − (x2 + x + 1)ex ex x(1 − x) + 2x + 1
=
(1 + ex )2 (1 + ex )2
(f)
cosh 3t(2 cosh 2t) − sinh 2t(3 sinh 3t)
cosh2 3t
2 cosh 2t. cosh 3t − 3 sinh 2t. sinh 3t
=
cosh2 3t
(g)
(1 + e2t )et − (1 + et )2e2t et (1 − 2et − e2t )
=
(1 + e2t )2 (1 + e2t )2
2x
(c)
x2 + 1
−3 sin(2x − 1)
(e)
cos(2x − 1)
−1
(f)
(t + 1)2
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4. not provided
5.
dy
= −e−t t2 + e−t 2t = te−t (2 − t)
dt
dy
Hence is zero when t = 0 and t = 2.
dt
6.
(a) y = −1
t2 cos(1/t) y (1) = −0.5403
(b) y = 34t(t2 − 1)16 y (1) = 0
(c) y = 2t cosh(t2 ) y (2) = 109.2
2
(d) y = 2+2t−t
(1−t)2 y (2) = 2
et [t sin t−sin t−t cos t]
(e) y = (t sin t)2 y (1) = −2.0742
7.
dy
= 3e3x (1 − x) − e3x
dx
= e3x (2 − 3x)
dy
When x = 0, = 2.
dx
Let the equation of the tangent be
y = mx + c
Then y = 2x + c since gradient is 2.
Tangent passes through (0,1).
Therefore 1 = 0 + c
Equation of tangent is y = 2x + 1.
8. not provided
Exercises 11.3
1. not provided
2. not provided
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(b)
1 −1/2 1 −1/2
y y + x = 2x + 3y 2 y
2 2
1 −1/2 1
y y − 3y 2 = 2x − x−1/2
2 2
2x − 12 x−1/2 4x − x−1/2
y = =
1 −1/2
2y − 3y 2 y −1/2 − 6y 2
(c)
1
(2x + 3y)−1/2 (2 + 3y ) = ex
2
2 + 3y = 2ex (2x + 3y)1/2
2 x
y = e (2x + 3y)1/2 − 1
3
(d)
√
Let u = ex 1 + x, v = x2
du ex (3 + 2x) dv
Then = √ , = 2x
dx 2 1+x dx
x2 ex (3+2x) √
dy √
2 1+x
− ex 1 + x.2x
=
dx x4
x e (3 + 2x) − 4ex (1 + x)x
2 x
= √
2 1 + x.x4
ex [2x2 − x − 4]
y = √
2 1 + x.x3
OR
1
ln y = x+ ln(1 + x) − 2 ln x
2
1 1 2
y = 1+ −
y 2(1 + x) x
2 1
y = y 1− +
x 2(1 + x)
(e)
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(f)
cos(x + y).(1 + y ) = y
y [1 − cos(x + y)] = cos(x + y)
cos(x + y)
y =
1 − cos(x + y)
(g)
2x + 2yy
= 2 − 3y
x2 + y 2
2x + 2yy = 2(x2 + y 2 ) − 3y (x2 + y 2 )
y 2y + 3(x2 + y 2 ) = 2(x2 + y 2 ) − 2x
2(x2 + y 2 − x)
y =
3(x2 + y 2 ) + 2y
(h)
x2 ex/2
y e2y + y.2y e2y = 2xex/2 +
2
xex/2 (4 + x)
y e2y (1 + 2y) =
2
xex/2 (4 + x)
y =
2e2y (1 + 2y)
4.
dx dy dy 3t2 3t
(a) dt = 2t, dt = 3t2 , dx = 2t = 2
dx dy dy et
(b) = cos t, = et , =
dt dt dx cos t 2
dx dy dy 3t2 t
(c) dt = 3(1 + t)2 , dt = 3t2 , dx = 3(1+t)2 = 1+t
−3
(d) dx
dt = −2 sin 2t, dy
dt = 3, dy
dx = 2 sin 2t
2 2t
(e) dx
dt = − t32 , dy
dt = 2e2t , dy
dx = − 2t 3e
et −e−t
(f) dx
dt = et + e−t , dy
dt = et − e−t , dy
dx = et +e−t = tanh t
5. not provided
6. (a)
ln z = 4 ln t + 6 ln(1 − t) + 4 ln(2 + t)
z 4 6 4
= − +
z t 1−t 2+t
4 6 4
z = z − +
t 1−t 2+t
(b)
ln y = 3 ln(1 + x2 ) + 7x − 6 ln(2 + x)
y 6x 6
= +7−
y 1 + x2 2+x
6x 6
y = y + 7 −
1 + x2 2+x
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(c)
(d)
7. (a)
dx dy
= 1 + 2t + 3t2 , = 2 cos 2t
dt dt
dy 2 cos 2t
=
dx 1 + 2t + 3t2
dy 2 cos 2
When t = 1, = = −0.1387.
dx 6
dx dx
8. (a) = 6t5 ; when t = 2, = 6.25 = 192.
dt dt
dy dy
(b) = −2t; when t = 1, = −2.
dt dt
dy −2t 1 dy 1
(c) = 5 = − 4; when t = 1, =− .
dx 6t 3t dx 3
dx dx
(d) = −3t4 ; when t = 2, = −48.
dy dy
2yy = 2x + 6y
y (y − 3) = x
x
y =
y−3
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4
When x = 4, y = −2, then y = .
−5
Equation of tangent at (4, −2) is
4
y= mx + c = − x + c
5
4
−2 = − (4) + c
5
c = 6/5
4 6
Equation of tangent is y =− x+ .
5 5
4
When x = 4, y = 8, then y = .
5
Equation of tangent at (4, 8) is
4
y = mx + c = x+c
5
4
8 = (4) + c ⇒ c = 24/5
5
4 24
Equation of tangent is y= x+ .
5 5
6x + 3y 2 y = y
y [1 − 3y ] =2
6x
6x
y =
1 − 3y 2
Exercises 11.4
1.
(a) y = 2t + 1, y =2
(b) y = 6t2 − 2t, y = 12t − 2
(c) y = 2 cos 2t, y = −4 sin 2t
(d) y = k cos kt, y = −k 2 sin kt
(e) y = 6e3t − 2t, y = 18e3t − 2
−2
(f) y = (t+1).1−t.1
(t+1)2
1
= (t+1) 2, y = (t+1) 3
(g) y = −2 sin(t/2), y = − cos(t/2)
(h) y = et .t + et = et (t + 1), y = et (t + 1) + et .1 = et (t + 2)
(i) y = 4 cosh 4t, y = 16 sinh 4t
(j) y = 2 sin t cos t = sin 2t, y = 2 cos 2t
2.
y = 6x2 + 6x − 12, y = 12x + 6
Hence y = 0 when x = − 12 .
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3.
y = 6t + 1, y = 6
4.
y = t2 − 7t + 12, y = 2t − 7
Hence y = 0 when t = 72 .
5. (a) y = et .
Since et increases as t increases, y is concave up.
(b) y = 2t.
Since 2t increases as t increases, y is concave up.
(c) y = 1 − 2t.
Since y decreases as t increases, y is concave down.
6. y = t3 , y = 3t2 .
For t > 0, y increases as t increases.
For t < 0, y decreases as t increases.
Hence t3 is concave up on (0, ∞) and concave down on (−∞, 0).
7. (a)
y = −2 sin t − 2t
y = −2 cos t − 2
y (1) = −3.0806
(b)
(c)
8.
xy + y + 2x = 2yy
y [x − 2y] = −2x − y
2x + y
y =
2y − x
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d2 y d 2x + y (2y − x)(2 + y ) − (2x + y)(2y − 1)
= =
dx 2 dx 2y − x (2y − x)2
(2y − x)(2 + 2y−x
2x+y
) − (2x + y) 2 2y−x
2x+y
−1
=
(2y − x)2
(2y − x)[2(2y − x) + 2x + y] − (2x + y)[2(2x + y) − (2y − x)]
=
(2y − x)3
(2y − x)(5y) − (2x + y)(5x)
=
(2y − x)3
5(2y − 2xy − 2x2 )
2
=
(2y − x)3
9. not provided
Review Exercises 11
not provided
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