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Introduction Visual Testing (VT)

Visual testing (VT) is the oldest and most widely used non-destructive testing (NDT) technique where surfaces are inspected visually either directly or indirectly using optical instruments. VT can be aided using tools like magnifying glasses or un-aided using just the naked eye. It is a quick method to identify surface flaws and defects. Some advantages are low cost, quick results, and minimal equipment and training required. However, VT is limited to surface inspection only and minor flaws may be missed. It requires adequate lighting and positioning of inspection tools.

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Cepi Sindang Kamulan
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133 views

Introduction Visual Testing (VT)

Visual testing (VT) is the oldest and most widely used non-destructive testing (NDT) technique where surfaces are inspected visually either directly or indirectly using optical instruments. VT can be aided using tools like magnifying glasses or un-aided using just the naked eye. It is a quick method to identify surface flaws and defects. Some advantages are low cost, quick results, and minimal equipment and training required. However, VT is limited to surface inspection only and minor flaws may be missed. It requires adequate lighting and positioning of inspection tools.

Uploaded by

Cepi Sindang Kamulan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction– 

Visual Testing
The most widely used of all NDT techniques is Visual Testing (VT) and it is the oldest of
them. Visual testing is the first test, which is performed when an object arrives.
 As the name suggests When an object is seen visually and determine the flaws on the
surface level.
 In this article, you are going to get complete knowledge about Visual Inspection, from
scratch to end.
 So, Seat back and relax and enjoy the ride of knowledge at your fingertip.

Here we go…
 

What is Visual Testing?–

The method of Non-Destructive testing, where the object is inspected through the naked
eye or magnifying glass, is known as visual testing NDT.
It is the first NDT method, that is used on any object to inspect. It gives a visual
clarification about the object and gives a quick observation result.
Principle of visual testing?–

Visual testing(VT) is the observation of the test object, either directly with the eyes or
indirectly using optical instruments, by an inspector to evaluate the presence of surface
flaws.
 
➤In visual testing, Both the External and Internal surfaces of the object can be
inspected. 
Types of Visual Testing(VT)–
There are mainly two types of Visual inspection, elaborated below-
1. Aided Visual Inspection 
2. Un-Aided Visual Inspection 
1. Aided Visual inspection-  
When any optical or mechanical equipment is used to inspect the object visually, called
Aided visual inspection.
 A magnifying glass or visual camera is used to see the closure view of the surface in this
type of Visual Testing.
2. Un-Aided Visual Inspection-
When the object is inspected visually, without any help of optical or mechanical
instruments, called Un-Aided visual inspection.
In this type of VT, the object is gone through a naked eye inspection by a qualified
inspector.
The procedure of visual Inspection–

Visual Inspection test is a widely used method of NDT and it is best to know the
procedure of VT, So, I am going to share with you the same.
 
Here is the procedure of VT-
 Dimensional inspection is carried out to verify that the manufactured object is as
per the required dimension/specifications.
 This procedure covers the visual examination of object components such as
plates, pipes, nozzles, etc by using visual and optical instruments.
 Uniformity of surface, cleanliness & sharp edges is checked.
 If not cleaned, Conventional cleaning, wire brushing, chipping, grinding, or a
combination of these are carried out.
 The inner and outer surface is checked to detect any flaws through the naked eye
or with the help of optical instruments.

➤The parameters which can affect the Visual inspection-

 Lighting Conditions 
 Surface Roughness
 Position of inspector 
 
 

Equipments Used in Visual Inspection Method–


Here is the list of Optical and mechanical instruments of visual inspection tools, that are
used in the VT-
Optical Instruments-  Microscopes. Borescope, Fiberscopes, Video camera, etc.
Mechanical Instruments– micrometre, Calipers, Depth gauge, Thread pitch gauge.
feeler gauge, Weld gauge, etc.
Advantages of Visual Inspection–
There are various advantages of VT, Given below-
 Low cast 
 Quick result
 sensitivity  
 Applicability to irregular shapes
 Field Mobility
 Minimum training required
 Minimum equipment required
These are some advantages of VT, where I forgot to mention that, There is little or
no limitation on the size or shape of the part being inspected.
Disadvantages of Visual Inspection–
As visual inspection testing is a very convenient method of NDT and has several
advantages over other methods, it lacks its effectiveness sometimes. So, here are the
disadvantages of Visual Testing, you should know also-
 
➤Disadvantages of VT-
 Applicable to the visual surface only
 Misinterpretation can happen such as crack and scratch
 Minor flaws may go undetected
 Reliability issue 
 Experience inspector needed
Limitations of Visual Inspection-
VT has some limitations also, it is good to know that too-
 Needs Adequate lighting
 Object’s complex geometry may limit the inspection
 Optical equipment needs to be placed at the adequate viewing angle
 Some optical instruments may be costly
Applications of Visual Testing–

As you know, VT is usually the first method, applied to test objects to detect various
flaws, which is given below-
 
➤Various Applications of VT-
 Surface discontinuity
 cracks
 Misalignment
 Warping
 corrosion
 Wear and Tear
 Physical Damage 
Codes and Standards of Visual Inspection-
Codes and Standard plays a major role in NDT testing methods where Guidelines of
testing is given these codes and standard and supervised by these Authorized
Organizations.
 
Here are some Codes and Visual inspection Standards, Given below-
ASTM International-
ASTM A 802M– Standard practice for steel castings, Surface Acceptance Standards,
Visual Examination(2006) 
ASTM D 2562– Standard practice for classifying visual defects in parts molded from
reinforced thermosetting plastics(2008)
ASTM D 2563– Standard practice for classifying visual defects in Glass-reinforced
plastic pultruded products(2008) 
ASTM E 1799– Standard practice for visual inspection for photovoltaic modules(1999)
ASME International-
ASME boiler and pressure vessel code: SEction I, the rule for the construction of power
boilers(2007)
American Concrete Institute-
ACI 201.1R– Guide for conducting a visual inspection of concrete in service(2008)
American National Standard Institute-
ANSI B3.2– Rolling element bearings- Aircraft Engine, Engine Gearbox, and accessory
applications- Surface visual inspection
(1999) 
ANSI/EIA 699– Test method for the visual inspection of Quartz crystal resonator
blanks(1997)
 

➤Here is the video guide of VT to help you get more clear on your concept,
Give a watch-

Conclusion-
Visual Testing is one of the methods of the broader sector of NDT. Various Methods of
NDT are used in various industries and VT is one of them.
 
I have shared most of the topics which should be covered in the Visual Inspection
method.
 
If you are still here, Then…
 
I hope, you gained some knowledge regarding the same.  If you do, then hit the share
button to toss this knowledge to needy ones, because sharing is caring and you care for

your loved one, I know  !!


 
Bookmark to get more about NDT. Thank you !!
Here are some related articles, you should consider reading further-
The Ultimate Guide Of Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Magnetic Particle Inspection: All about MPI in 15 min
.Liquid Penetrant Testing: Definition, Principle, Procedure, types
Eddy Current Testing: A Detailed Guide you are looking for
 
 
FAQs-
Q. What is the visual inspection method?
Ans. Visual inspection is one of the NDT methods, where an object is inspected through
the naked eye or with the help of optical instruments.
Q.How can visual inspection help the process of testing in NDT?
Ans. The visual inspection identifies various flaws visually, helps to make decisions
based on the inspection.
Q. How many stages are there in visual inspection in NDT?
Ans. Total stages are there in Visual inspection in NDT.
Q. Where is non-destructive testing used?
Ans.  There are various industries where NDT is used, Given below-
1. Mechanical Engineering
2. Electrical Engineering 
3. Civil Engineering
4. Aeronautics Engineering
5. Forensic Engineering
6. Petroleum Engineering
7. System Engineering 
8. Chemical Industry
9. Mining Industry
10. Gas Pipe Line 
11. Medical Industry
12. Art.
 

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