CAMPOS NOVOS HYDROPOWER

PLANT ON CANOAS RIVER

Author: Lailton Vieira Xavier

Main Brazilian Dams III

CAMPOS NOVOS HYDROPOWER

PLANT ON CANOAS RIVER
1. INTRODUCTION for its turnkey project to provide all goods and services
for implementing the plant and its related transmission
Campos Novos HPP is located on the Canoas River system.
around 21 km upstream from where it joins the Pelotas
River between Campos Novos and Celso Ramos counties 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
in the State of Santa Catarina, around 380 km from
Florianopolis. The project, designed solely to generate electricity,
This plant and its related transmission system, with consists basically of a concrete-faced rockfill dam,
880 MW capacity, belongs to Campos Novos Energia S.A. 202 m maximum height, and river diversion through two
- ENERCAN, a private Brazilian company incorporated in tunnels provided with control structures for closing. The
1999 by the shareholders: CPFL-G Geração de Energia surface spillway is on the right bank with four gates
S.A, CBA Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio, CNT 17.40 (W) by 20.00 m (H). The generation system also
Companhia Níquel Tocantins, CEEE Companhia Estadual on the right bank consists of a concrete gravity intake,
de Energia Elétrica and CELESC Centrais Elétricas de followed by three power tunnels with internal diameter
Santa Catarina S.A. of 6.20 m in the reinforced concrete stretch and 5.50 m
Joint venture Consórcio Fornecedor de Campos Novos in the steel lined stretch. The indoor powerhouse is
(CFCN) - consisting of Construções e Comércio Camargo equipped with three vertical axis Francis hydro-generating
Correa S.A, Engevix Engenharia S.A, CNEC Engenharia units, with total capacity of 880 MW. Figure 1 below
S.A. and GE-Hydro Inepar do Brasil S.A. was contracted shows the general layout of the project.

Figure 1 - General Layout of Project

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 Main Brazilian Dams III

The main quantities involved in building the project sometimes with signs of oxidation and micro-fissures,
are listed below: and they may, in conjunction with the primary fracturing
• Common Excavation 3,941,000 m³ in these horizons, strongly affect the alteration of the
• Rock Excavation 10,890,000 m³ rock mass. In this flow, deep vertical "soil boxes" are
• Underground Excavation common, to around 30 m from the top of the rock, and
(5,000 m of tunnels) 585,000 m³ ten-metre blocks immersed in residual soil.
• Rockfill 12,500,000 m³
• Transitions 280,000 m³ 4. HYDROLOGY, HYDRAULICS AND
• Concrete 334,000 m³ ENERGY STUDIES
3. GEOLOGY, GEOTECHNICS AND The drainage basin of Canoas River at the Campos
FOUNDATIONS Novos HPP site covers an area of 14,200 km².
The long-term average flow is 298.5 m3/s. The
The entire course of Canoas River runs over rock on maximum monthly average flow found in the historic
the Southeast edge of the Paraná sedimentary basin. period (1931-1997) was 3,243 m3/s in July 1983 and the
The river flows from its head to mid-course through minimum monthly flow 22.9 m3/s in January 1945.
sedimentary rocks represented by sandstones, siltites Canoas River has a certain seasonality with regard
and shales from the Botucatu Formation and Passa Dois to the probability of occurrence and magnitude of floods,
Group. It then flows into volcanic rocks of the Serra Geral and the hydrologically wettest period occurs between
Formation. These rocks occur as lava flows and have a May and October. Figure 2 shows the 10 largest average
sub-horizontal spatial distribution, with 20' dip NW. The daily flows during the historic period for each month of
total thickness of this package is 600 m to 800 m and the year.
overlaps the Botucatu Formation sandstones.
In the reservoir area, Canoas River and its tributaries
follow a course strongly influenced by local fracturing.
These zones of weakness cause the river to carve out a
channel, resulting in a deep straight valley with very steep
slopes to approximately El. 700, in which the ratio
between the length of the crest and height of the dam
(C/H) is 2.9, reflecting the steep valley. The relief above it
is characterized by a rolling plateau, from medium to
slight rolling the farther away from the river valley.
Two different flow sequences are found on the site of
the Campos Novos HPP. One of tholeitic basalts
distributed in eight main overlapping sub-horizontal flows
called from G to N, between elevations 420 and 590,
perfectly correlatable in the investigated area, with the
exception of the secondary flows called G', H'/H", and K' Figure 2 - Ten Largest Floods Observed in Each Month
1951-1998
occurring in restricted areas. Most of the basalt flows
are characterised, as a rule, by a dense basalt zone in For the dimensioning of the diversion works,
the lower and central part, with some vesicules at the determining cofferdam elevations and risk assessment
base and a vesicular amygdaloidal basalt in the upper during the diversion works, a frequency study was
part, with a layer of basalt breccia consisting of basalt undertaken of the annual maximum levels that would be
fragments enveloped and cemented by secondary reached, considering the river diversion through the
minerals or by silty-sandy materials at the top. The tunnels.
vesicular basalt at the base and breccia at the top are The result of the studies was a design of two tunnels
missing in some flows. and a cofferdam for the dam construction on the river
A single flow was found in the other sequence above bed with a protection for the passage of the flood with a
El. 590, called F, unlike the others because of its 20-year recurrence period in the wet season
intermediary to acid composition, and has been classified (approximately 5,500 m³/s), equivalent to protection
as dacite and rhyolite of the hyperaluminous series. This against flooding of more than 200-year recurrence period
flow is distinguished from the others because of its in the dry season.
thickness of over 100 m and the presence of various In addition to the flood frequency study, to determine
vitreous levels. Another outstanding feature is the the design flood of the spillway the Probable Maximum
occurrence of a "magmatic banding" consisting of Precipitation (PMP) was calculated and its later
alternating darker and lighter centimetre portions, transformation into Probable Maximum Flood (PMF).

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Main Brazilian Dams III

The PMP calculation in the Uruguay River basin adopted water was pumped into the coffer area, to permit the
the methodology recommended by the World construction of the dam in the dry.
Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The resulting Each tunnel has a concrete intake structure with crest
Probable Maximum Flood hydrogram (PMF) for the at El. 526.00 m, foundation at El. 474.50 m and a
project site showed a maximum peak of 18,870 m3/s, maximum height of 51.50 m. Each intake has three 4 m
considerably higher than the 10,000-year flood peak wide openings with base at El. 479.00 m and ceiling at
(14,890 m³/s). As a criterion, the probable maximum flood El. 493.00 m.
was adopted for dimensioning the spillway. All openings were fitted with two rows of slots for
The energy studies helped define the operating sliding gates, the one downstream designed for installing
conditions, number of units and installed capacity, stoplogs, which will be responsible for the actual closure,
resulting in the adoption of three Francis 203.3 MW and the one upstream for operating the auxiliary fixed
turbines under a head of 185 m for total installed capacity wheel gate for inspection of the guides and helping in
of 880 MW, with average generation of 3,310 GWh/year. emergency manoeuvres of stoplogs.
The diversion tunnels were dimensioned so that the
5. MAIN STRUCTURES first stage of the dam designed for a 1,500-year flood
event would be at a height of approximately half the final
5.1. General Layout dam height.
The plant layout basically consists of: In order to build the dam, two cofferdams were built,
• The river diversion through two tunnels excavated in one upstream and the other downstream from the dam
rock on the right bank, 14.5 m in diameter and 16 m in axis, both with a rockfill section with an impervious clay
height, in an arched-trapezoidal section with gate zone.
structure at the outlet, and a cofferdam on the riverbed The main upstream cofferdam was built with its crest
for floods with a recurrence period of 1:20 years, at El. 516.00 m, providing protection against floods of up
corresponding to a peak flood of 5,500 m³/s. to 20-year recurrence intervals. The slope of the rockfill
• Concrete-faced rockfill dam with crest at El. 666 and a dam has a gradient of 1V:1.2H and that of the compacted
parapet wall at El. 667.00, 202 m in height, 576 m in earthfill 1V: 2.5 H.
length and a total volume of 12.5 million cubic metres; The downstream cofferdam, with crest at
• Spillway with four radial gates 17.40 m span by 20 m in El. 489.00 m, is incorporated to the main dam. Its section
height, on the right bank of the river, designed to discharge consists of rockfill embankment and an impervious zone
the probable maximum flow of 18,300 m³/s, with a 5 m downstream. The impervious earthfill above the water level
surcharge above normal water level. was compacted with the traffic of the actual transport
• The generation circuit consists of one intake, partly equipment. The external slope of the rockfill dam has a
embedded into rock, followed by three power tunnels gradient of 1V:1.3H and the compacted fill above
around 380 m long and a gross head of 180 m. The El. 479,00 m, 1V:2.50H.
powerhouse, with access yard at El. 500 is indoors,
consisting of three blocks for the Francis turbines and 5.3. Dam
an installation area over a total length of 113 m and The main dam structure of Campos Novos Hydropower
maximum height of 47.80 m. The construction of the Plant is a concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD) 590 m in
conventional outdoor substation is planned on the left length (L) and maximum height (H) 202 m. The L/H ratio
bank on a plateau at El. 735 m. is 2.92 and an indication of the steepness of the valley,
• Single-bus switchyard and transmission line as far as with the abutments having average gradients of close to
the substation of the system (SE Campos Novos - 45º.
ELETROSUL) with around 11 km in double circuit and The total rockfill volume from excavating basalt rock
three conductors per phase 636 MCM. was 12.5 million cubic metres, dumped and compacted
over a sound rock foundation. The upstream shell has a
5.2. River Control and Diversion slope of 1(V):1.3(H), while the downstream shell has an
The river diversion works began with the construction average slope of 1(V):1.4(H), while the effective gradient
of two tunnels on the right bank, with the river still flowing of the slopes is 1(V):1.2(H) between the access berms.
in its natural channel. Auxiliary cofferdams were built in Figure 3 shows the cross-section of the dam with
the outlet and inlet regions of the tunnels to protect the distribution of the materials and grain size increasing
tunnel excavation works and the concrete pouring of the from up to downstream.
diversion intake structure. The rockfill embankment was zoned so that the third
After concluding the excavation and intake concrete upstream and the central region of the dam - materials
pouring, the diversion began through the tunnels by called 3B and 3D' - were compacted in 1.0 m thick layers
closing off the river when the pre-cofferdams in rockfill watered at a ratio of 200 l/m³. The void ratio of these
were laid. After fully closing the pre-cofferdams the zones was an average of 0.22 and density
cofferdams were heightened and at the same time the = 2.14, the unconfined compression tests showed that

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the strength of the material forming the rockfill was higher The reinforcement rates adopted for the concrete area
than 75 MPa. The third downstream, consisting of the slab were distinguished as shown in Figure 4 below.
of 3C/3D materials was compacted in unwatered layers Reinforcement Rate and Distribution:
of 1.6 m, the average density of this zone was = 2.02. • Area A: Double reinforcement (in the two faces - top
Transitions under the slab - materials 2B and 3A - were and bottom) at a 0.5% Ac rate in both directions
compacted in 0.50 m layers and reached void ratios (horizontal and vertical);
of 0.20. • Area B: Reinforcement in the central region of the
For protecting the processed transition and bedding concrete at rates of 0.3% Ac in the horizontal and
for concreting the upstream face an extruded concrete 0.4% Ac in the vertical direction.
facing was done concomitantly with the transitions, All vertical joints are protected by copper waterstops
at an average cement rate of 75 kg/m3. and are placed at the slab base, and in the region of
The upstream face slabs each are 16 m wide, covering tension (abutments), the joints are coated with a PVC
a total area of around 105,000 m2, with thickness varying cover with filler, as shown in Figure 5. The perimetral
from 0.30 to 1.00 m, adopting the following equations joints of the plinth are also in copper and a PVC cover
used worldwide: with filler.
• e (cm) = 0.30 + 0.0020 H (m) H < 100m Analyses in a 3-D mathematical model in finite
• e (cm) = 0.0050 H (m) H > 100m elements were prepared before filling the reservoir in order

Figure 3 - Concrete Face Rockfill Dam - Cross-section

Figure 4 - Reinforcement Rates along the perimetral joint and other regions

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Main Brazilian Dams III

Figure 5 - Vertical Compression and Tensile Joints

to foresee deformations in the rockfill embankment and was planned at El. 629.60 m next to the foundation close
actual dam face. to the upstream face to undertake a grout and drainage
curtain.
5.4. Spillway The chute downstream of the control structure is fully
The outflow system is located on the right bank, and concrete-lined, 83.10 m in width and 92.85 m in length.
the water is returned downstream from the tailrace canal, The stilling pool was excavated with the bottom at
consisting of an approach channel, spill structure and El. 455.00 m, 70.00 m in length towards the flow,
chute ending in a flip bucket (see Figure 6). 92.00 m in width.
The spillway was designed for a discharge of
18,300 m3/s to permit to evacuate the probable maximum 5.5. Headrace and Intake
flood with the water level surcharge in the reservoir to The intake consists of a hollow gravity structure, with
El. 665.00 m, with a specific flow of 263 m3/s/m. maximum height of 32.00 m and a sloping upstream face
The approach channel is around 730 m in total length, with 1V:0.18 H. The intakes are separate for the three
the first 635 m with the bottom at El. 635.00 m and the generating units and each of the blocks has two openings
last 65.00 m with floor at El. 630.00 m, to reduce the due to the existence of central pillars for support of
velocity of the flow next to the control structure. trashracks. Each headrace is provided with two rows of
The control structure consists of four adjacent blocks slots for gate installation, the one downstream
separated by joints to form a set of four 17.40 m wide corresponding to the emergency gate and the upstream
bays, where tainter gates are installed, between pillars to the stoplog.
4.50 m in width. The ogee crest was set at El. 640.00 m The role of the fixed wheel gate is to protect its
and the top of the structure at El. 666.00 m. A gallery generating unit by closing the intake under any flow
conditions of the turbine.

Figure 6 - Typical Section of Spillway and Stilling Pool

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 Main Brazilian Dams III

5.6. Power Tunnels extension of the generator hall, consisting of two blocks
The power tunnels were excavated in rock and situated on the left of the generating units, each with the
concrete lined. In their final stretch the tunnels are steel same dimensions defined for them.
lined to resist the forces from the hydraulic transients Loads inside the structures are shifted with the help
from the operation of the units. of two overhead travelling cranes with separate capacities
The excavation of the vertical stretch has a circular of 2,800 kN, a rail track at El. 491.00 m and span of
section with a 7.20 m radius and around 155 m long. The 17.25 m.
initial excavation was done using raising boring, with the The unloading area is situated to the left of the
later widening by excavation in benches, with the material installation area, but at El. 500.00 m, coinciding with
being removed from below. The horizontal stretch has a that of the transformer platform. Unloading operations
horse-shoe section with diameter of 7.20 m. are carried out using an overhead travelling crane, whose
The final stretch of the power tunnels is steel lined, rail track at El. 500.00 m extends all along the powerhouse
including a conical reduction to a 5.50 m diameter over a roof and installation area. Lowering the equipment to the
length of 101.50 m. The armouring was designed to resist installation area is done using an opening in its roof,
a maximum external pressure of 0.35 MPa, when the provided with a mobile hatch, and using the unloading
conduits are empty, i.e. without internal hydrostatic gantry crane.
pressure. Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of the The same crane shifts the stoplogs in the draft tubes
generation circuit. and lowers equipment to the electromechanical galleries
situated on the upstream side, through two opening at
5.7. Powerhouse the ends of the transformer platform using downstream
The powerhouse is indoors, with three blocks for the and upstream cantilevers.
generating units, each 18.00 m wide lengthwise and The electromechanical equipment is set out on four
32.75 m cross-wise, and houses three Francis vertical floors inside the powerhouse, situated at El. 470.15 m
axis hydraulic turbines, with rated power of 300 MW and (mechanical gallery), 479.10 m and 485.85 m (bottom
rated velocity of 200 rpm, adapted to direct coupling to and top electrical galleries) and 492.80 m
three-phase synchronous generators of 311 MVA. (electromechanical gallery), in addition to the transformer
The maximum height of the structure is 47.80 m, platform at El. 500.00 m. Vertical access to the galleries
measured from the foundation of the draft tube elbow at is by means of steps, one at each end or a lift only on
El. 452.20 m, to the transformer yard at El. 500.00 m. the left side. A control building was also built upstream
The erection area, with floor at El. 479.10 m, is an from the powerhouse above the level of the access yard.

Figure 7 - Generation Circuit Section

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Main Brazilian Dams III

The dewatering and drainage sumps are on the right the rockfill was raised upstream to El. 570 m and the
of the generating units in a stretch between the crane concrete slabs to El. 568 m. This heightening corresponds
rail tracks. The pump house for these sumps is over them to approximately 52% of the final height of the dam and
based at El. 467.5 m. to the recurrence interval against floods of 1:500 years.
Access to inside the powerhouse is through a Photo 1 shows a view of the dam's construction during
reception hall in the unit 1 block, over the galleries at the slab construction in this 1st stage.
El. 500.00 m. Next to the reception is the dispensary. Next, the downstream rockfill was raised to El. 570
From there access to the upper gallery is by lift and and later complemented to El. 660.
staircase, as in the control building.
The tailrace canal is fully excavated in rock, 54.00 m
in width.

6. CONSTRUCTION

A major challenge in building the Campos Novos HPP

was the creation of access routes to carry out the
diversion works, since the canyon where the plant was
built was completely inaccessible with almost
perpendicular slopes, and it was only possible to reach
the river bank after five months work.
Another basic point in planning the works was to be
able to divert the river having previously built the plinth on Photo 1 - Heightening the CFRD and Slab Construction in the 1st
the two abutments. This condition was necessary, bearing Stage
in mind that the diversion would be at the end of the wet
season (October 2002) and it was also necessary to to After completion of the rockfill, the second stage of
reach the elevation of the first stage of the dam (around slab concreting began and was concluded in February
100 metres high) before the end of the dry season 2005, around eight months before starting to fill the
(April 2003), over a six-month period or so. reservoir. Photo 2 shows a view of the heightened dam
The rockfill of the dam was carried out in three stages and the start of the concreting the slabs in the second
and the face slabs were concreted in two stages. First stage.

Photo 2 - CFRD - Start of Slab Construction in 2nd Stage

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 Main Brazilian Dams III

The rockfill of the dam was compacted using 12-ton dumped to seal the joint and the damaged concrete of
vibrating rollers. The average production of compacted the slabs; this initial dumping reduced the seepage flows
rockfill was 700,000 m³/month, while the slab strips from 14 m³/s to around 0.8 m³/s.
16 m wide were carried out at an average speed of Lowering the lake as a result of the accident in the
2.9 m/hour. diversion tunnel 2, helped view the configuration of the
Photo 3 shows the complementation of the dam crest cracks, which were mapped as shown in Photo 4. The
after concluding the face slabs, by placing precast parapet description of the accident in the diversion tunnel 2 and
walls upstream and downstream, and later filling the recovery works are presented in the book on river diversion
spaces between them with in situ concrete in the case published by CBDB Brazilian Committee on Dams.
of the upstream wall. The cracks appearing in the compression zone of the
At the end of the construction period, the obtained slabs showed spalling caused by excess compression
average values of the deformability modules were as in the cross and lengthwise directions to the slab faces.
follows: This phenomenon also occurred in Mohale and TS-1 dams
• Upstream zone rockfill E = 60 MPa in South Africa and China, respectively.
• Central zone rockfill E = 50 MPa Prior to re-filling the reservoir, the damaged slab strips
• Downstream zone rockfill E = 30 MPa and joints were fully recovered. Although the embankment
had undergone almost all reservoir head during the first
7. OCCURRENCES IN SLABS OF DAM fill, and therefore had mobilized most of its deformation,
four vertical joints were opened in the central compression
Filling the plant lake began on 10 October 2005. When region in order to permit horizontal displacements between
the reservoir was filled to El. 642 m, around 80% of its slabs in order to prevent high stress levels.
maximum depth, it was observed that the compression
joint between slabs 16 and 17 of the face had broken. An 8. ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
underwater investigation was performed with divers and SOCIAL ASPECTS
a robot, by which it was discovered that the failure
extended to a depth of more than 100 m. The Basic Environmental Project (BEP) was prepared
The concrete and joint above the water level were in accordance with the precepts and objective in the
repaired and below the water level clay-silt material was EIA/RIMA environmental reports, and as recommended

Photo 3 - CFRD - Placement of Precast Elements of Parapet Wall on the Crest

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Main Brazilian Dams III

Photo 4 - Aspect of the Cracks found after Lowering the Reservoir

by the Santa Catarina State environmental agency made the area ideal for installing a park, among which is
FATMA. The BEP defined a series of programs and the presence of endangered plant species, such as the
projects to be implemented during the construction and araucaria, Brazilian walnut and soft tree fern (Dicksonia
operation of the project. sellowiana), and more than 350 species of fauna.
The programs comprising the BEP are being
implemented by forming partnerships with the population 9. PERFORMANCE OF PROJECT
and relevant public agencies. Some of the programmes
developed worth mentioning are: environmental education, The instrumentation plan for the dam embankment
preservation and rescue of plant and animal species - by planned to install 28 settlement cells and four magnetic
creating nurseries and planting more than 240,000 native settlement meters to help determine the deformability
seedlings around the reservoir, relocation and modules of the different zones in the rockfill.
compensation for families, historic and cultural heritage The upstream face was instrumented with electro-
of the towns that have areas affected by the project, level sections in the central region and on the right bank,
implementing a Conservation Unit and developing a Plan with triorthogonal joint meters between the plinth and
for Environmental Conservation and Use of the Reservoir slab and with joint meters between slabs, plus surface
Surroundings. One of the programmes in the Basic benchmarks placed at the top of the dam. Figure 8 shows
Environmental Project (BEP) of Campos Novos the instrumentation installed in the face and the
Hydropower Plant is to implement a Conservation Unit. downstream surface benchmarks.
The result of this programme was the implementing of The initial plan for monitoring the Campos Novos dam
the River Canoas State Park. The area for forming the was the installation of two main instrumentation sections,
park - 1200 hectares, equal to 18,000 football fields, was which were placed at stake 13+10m (riverbed) and st.
donated by Enercan to the Santa Catarina state 21+10m (left bank). In addition to these two instrumented
government. The company was seeking to implement sections, measuring instruments were installed in the
the Conservation Unit in the actual region where the concrete face, as shown in Figure 8.
Campos Novos HPP was built, on the banks of the River Overall 133 instruments were installed to monitor the
Canoas, close to Barra do Rio Ibicuí in the county of performance of the rockfill and concrete face of the dam,
Campos Novos. Before buying it, Enercan undertook an such as settlement cells, multiple extensometers,
ecological assessment that points to characteristics that triorthogonal joint meters, electro-levels, surface

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 Main Brazilian Dams III

Instrument Abbreviation Symbol Quantity

Superficial Reference Mark MS 11
Reference Mark MR 10
Reading Cabin CL 6
Upstream Reading Gabin CLM 4
Flow Meter MV 1
Settlement Cell (Swedish Box) CR 28
Multiple Extensometer EM 6
Magnetic Settlement Meter MM 3
Electrical Jointmeter MJ 17
Triorthogonal Jointmeter MTJ 4
Cable Route
Electro Level EN 25

Figure 8 - Instrumentation Plan of Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dam

benchmarks and electrical joint meters. The settlements undergone by the dam in the second
Due to lowering of the reservoir as a result of the impounding of the reservoir varied between 4% and 10%
accident in the diversion tunnel, cracks were exposed in relation to the preceding period, considering the
resulting from excess axial compression the central readings of the settlement cells until April 2008 and the
slabs. After recovering the affected slabs of the dam face, rate is gradually dropping with a tendency to reach
new instruments were installed in the concrete face to stabilization, as is typical of similar rockfills. Slow
monitor the performance of the repaired stretches during deformation (creep) in the central part of the dam was
filling. 6 mm/month, average between April 2007 and April 2008.
Overall more than thirty instruments were installed, Fifteen months after its second filling, the dam behaviour
with special mention to 13 joint meters to monitor the is fully satisfactory.
closure of the central joints between the slabs 16 to 20 The powerhouse, drainage gallery of the power tunnels
created to absorb the deformations when the reservoir is and spillway were also instrumented using rod
being refilled, seven concrete stress meters to assess extensometers, triorthogonal joint meters between
the stress levels which they would undergo again and an blocks, piezometers, thermometers and stress meters,
extra row with ten electro-levels placed in the right in addition to the direct pendulum in the powerhouse,
abutment of the dam to assess the deflections of the which showed normal behaviour during the construction,
face in this abutment. The following graph (see Figure 9) fill and operating period.
shows the settlements over time for the instrumented Photo 5 shows an overview of the Campos Novos
section on the riverbed at st. 13 + 10.00. Hydropower Plant fully operating.

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Main Brazilian Dams III

Figure 9 - Settlements measured by Settlement Cells

Photo 5 - Campos Novos HPP, in operation

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 Main Brazilian Dams III

10. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Spillway

Type surface with gate control
General Length: 94.00 m
Site Canoas River between the Santa Catarina Width 83.10 m
towns of Celso Ramos and Campos Novos Capacity 18,300 m³/s
Starting year August 2001 Maximum specific discharge 263 m³/s/m
Finishing year January 2006
Owner Campos Novos Energia S.A. - ENERCAN Spillway gates
Designer Engevix Engenharia S.A, Type tainter
CNEC Engenharia S.A. Quantity 4
Civil contractor Construções e Comércio Dimensions 17.40 (W) x 20.00(H)
Camargo Correa S.A. Width 17.40 m
Manufacturers and assembly firms GE-Hydro Height 20.00 m
Inepar do Brasil S.A. Manufacturer GE Hydro-Inepar

Basic data Intake

Drainage basin area 14,200 km² Type hollow gravity
Annual average precipitation 1,500 mm Length 51.50 m
Annual average temperature 16º C Maximum height 32.00 m

Reservoir Intake gates

Area at maximum normal level 32.9 km² Type fixed wheel
Total storage volume 1,472 hm³ Quantity 3
Active storage volume 129 hm³ Dimensions
Length 58 km Width 6.20 m
Maximum width 600 m Height 6.50 m
Maximum Normal water level 660.00 m Manufacturer GE Hydro-Inepar
Maximum Flood water level 666.00 m
Minimum water level 655.00 m Diversion tunnels
Quantity 2 tunnels
Tailrace canal Type and dimensions of section horseshoe
Maximum Normal water level section with 14.50 m (W) x 16.00 m (H)
(3 units at full load) 480.10 m Length Tunnel 1 860.90 m
Maximum Flood water level 496.70 m Length of Tunnel 2 915.80 m
Minimum water level (1 unit in operation and
Machadinho reservoir depleted) 475.00 m Power tunnels
Type excavated in rock
Flows Quantity 3
Average inflow 298.50 m³/s Internal diameter 6.20 m
Maximum flow recorded (July 1983) 8,303 m³/s Vertical stretch - height 173 m
Minimum daily flow recorded (September 1974) 27 m³/s Horizontal stretch - unit length 211 m
Maximum diversion flow and return time
(TR~50 years) 6,461 m³/s Steel lined stretch
Probable Maximum Flood (peak inflow) 18,870 m³/s Diameter 5.50 m
Length 85 m
Dam Manufacturer GE Hydro-Inepar
Type concrete-faced rockfill
Length 590 m Powerhouse
Height 202 m Type indoor
Crest elevation 660.00 m Height 47.80 m
Crest width 10.00 m Length (including service area) 113.00 m
Installed capacity 880 MW

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Main Brazilian Dams III

Turbine 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Type Vertical axis Francis
Quantity of units 3 units [1] Antunes, J., Xavier, L.V., Albertoni, S.C., Pereira,
Rated power 300 MW R.F., Correa, C - "Performance and Concrete Face Repair
Rated head 175.60 m at Campos Novos" - Hydropower & Dams - Issue 2, 2007.
Maximum discharge of unit 186 m3/s [2] Xavier, L.V., Albertoni, S.C., Antunes, J., Pereira,
Rated velocity 200 rpm R.F. (2007) - "CFRD Campos Novos - Tratamentos
Manufacturer GE Hydro-Inepar Efetuados e Comportamento da Barragem no
Reenchimento do Reservatório." III Simpósio de Barragem
Generator de Enrocamento com Face de Concreto, Florianopolis,
Type synchronous Brazil.
Rated power: 311 MVA [3] Pereira, R.F. Antunes, J.; Cruz P. T. (2007) - "Plano
Voltage 13.8 kV de Instrumentação e Deslocamentos Observados na
Frequency 60 Hz Face da Barragem Campos Novos". III Simpósio de
Rotation 200 rpm Barragem de Enrocamento com Face de Concreto,
Manufacturer GE Hydro-Inepar Florianopolis, Brazil.

Step-up transformers
Quantity 3 units
Type three-phase force
Rated power 330 MVA
Rated voltage - upper winding 230 2 x 2.5% kV
Rated voltage - lower winding 13.8 kV
Manufacturer WEG

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