Occupational Safety

and Health
In the Philippines
 Progress of OSH Legislations in the Philippines

• 1903- development of OSH in the Philippines

• 1908- Employer’s Liability Act was instituted requiring
employers to compensate workers who were injured while
performing their job
• 1908 – Bureau of Labor was created.
• 1927 - Workmen’s Compensation Act No. 3428 was
passed providing payment of damages by the employer for
illnesses, in addition to injury or death due to employment
• 1933 - Bureau of Labor was named Department of
Labor on Dec. 8, 1933.
• 1936- Commonwealth Act No. 104 was passed. First
legislation directly enjoining management to ensure the
promotion of OSH in the workplace. Known as the First
Industrial Safety Law
• 1945- Commonwealth Act No. 696 was approved to
include safety in the installation and operation of boilers
and pressure vessels.
• 1948- Philippines became a member of ILO
• 1954- Enactment of RA No. 1054 (Free Emergency
Medical & Dental Treatment Act)
• 1957 – Bureau of Labor Standards was created.
• 1959- SOPI was organized
• 1967- Proclamation No. 115-A was issued declaring the year &
every year thereafter as SAFETY & ACCIDENT PREVENTION
YEAR

January - General Orientation

February - Air Transportation
March - Fire Prevention
April - Vacation Hazards
May - Land Transportation
June - Sea Transportation
July - Schools
August - Farms
September- Health and Sanitation
October - Industry & Commerce
November - Mines
December - Holiday Hazards & Homes
• 1974- PD 442 (LCP) was passed

• 1975- BLS started the program on accreditation of STOs

to conduct OSH training.
• 1977- Tripartite body was created to study the proposed
OSHS
• 1978- OSHS was approved. Nat’l Tripartite Committee
was created to continue study the improvement of the
OSHS
• 1982 – BLS renamed as BWC
• 1984- Tripartite consultation was held to amend
OSHS Rule 1410 (Construction Safety).
• 1988- OSHC was created pursuant to EO 307. First in
Southeast Asia
• 1989- First major revision of OSHS

• 1996- Tripartite consultation workshop held to discuss

the amendments of Rule 1030
• 1998- DO 13 was issued. Tripartite Council on OSH in
Construction Industry was created.
• 1998- Passed MC No. 02 series of 1998 -Guidelines
for Classifying Hazardous and Non- Hazardous
Workplaces
• 1999 - ASPPI was organized.1st Gen. Assembly &
Convention of DOLE Accredited Safety
Professionals was held
• 2000- MC No. 01 s2000- Guidelines for the Conduct of
WEA
- MC No. 02 s2000-Guidelines in the Application of
Workplace Component of RA 8504 known as “Phil.
AIDS Prevention & Control Act of 1998”
• 2001- Approved Amendments to Rules 1030, 1160,
1170, 1180 of the OSHS
• 2002 – 1st meeting/gathering of DOLE-BWC Accredited
Safety Training & Testing Organizations
-Department Order (DO) 53-03, s 2003 Implementation
of a Drug-Free Workplace Policies and Procedures for
the Private Sector.

• 2003- Organization of ATOP Inc. for OSH. Renamed as

ASHTOP Inc. in 2004.

• 2004 – Department Order (DO) 57-04, s 2004 (New

Labor Standards Enforcement Framework) was
issued.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

OSH LEGISLATIONS

Phil. Const. • Article XIII Section 3 of Phil.

Constitution
• The state shall afford full
protection to labor, They shall
be entitled to security of tenure,
humane conditions of work,
and a living wage.

A
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

OSH LEGISLATIONS

• Law : P.D. 442, Book IV, Titles I

Phil. Const. and II
Title : Labor Code of the Phils.
• Year Passed : 1974
• Implementing Agency: DOLE
Labor Code.
• Content: Revised and consolidated
labor and social laws to afford full
protection to labor, promote
employment and human resources
development and ensure industrial
peace based on social justice.

A
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

OSH LEGISLATIONS
• Article 162 – The Secretary of labor shall by
appropriate order set and enforce mandatory
Phil. Const. OSH Standards to eliminate or reduce OSH
hazards in all workplaces and institute new and
update existing programs to ensure safe and
healthful working conditions in all place of
employment
Labor Code. • Article 165 - DOLE shall be solely responsible
for the administration, enforcement of laws,
policies and programs on OSH.
• Chartered cities may be allowed to conduct
industrial safety inspection of establishments
within their respective jurisdictions.

A
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

OSH LEGISLATIONS

Phil. Const.
• Law : Rules and Regulations
Implementing Art. 162, Book IV, Title I, P.D.
442

Labor Code. • Title : Occupational Safety and

Health Standards (OSHS)

• Year Passed : 1978

OSHS. • Relevant Provision/s : Rule 1000 to
Rule 1980

• Implementing Agency: DOLE

A
Legal Basis of the Occupational Safety and Health
Standards

• Book IV, Title I

Chapter I
Medical and Dental
Services

Chapter II
Occupational Safety
Legal Basis of the Occupational Safety and Health and
Standards

Book IV, Title I – Occupational Safety

Medical, Dental and and Health Standards,
Occupational Safety (OSHS)1978
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

OSH STANDARDS
• A set of mandatory OSH
standards which codifies all
safety orders being enforced
prior to its promulgation.
• It contains administrative
requirements, general safety and
health rules, technical safety
regulations, and other measures
to eliminate or reduce OSH
hazards in the workplace.

A
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

OSH STANDARDS
OSH Standards:
• PURPOSE
– to protect every working man against the dangers
of injury, sickness or death through safe and
healthful working conditions.
• SCOPE

– shall apply to all places of employment except land,

sea and air transportation and safety in Mines.
 Occupational Safety & Health Standards
Some Rules of the OSHS
1000 General Provisions
1010 Other Safety Rules
1020 Registration
1030 Training & Accreditation
1040 Health & Safety Committee
1050 Notification & Keeping of
Occupational Illnesses & Injuries
1060 Premises of Establishments
1070 Environmental Control
1080 Personal Protective Equipment
 Occupational Safety & Health Standards
Some OSHS Rules
1090 Hazardous Materials 1230 Identification of Piping
System
1100 Gas & Electric Welding &
Cutting Operations 1240 Power Piping Lines
1120 Hazardous Work Processes 1410 Construction Safety
1140 Explosives
1420 Logging
1150 Materials Handling & Storage
1940 Fire Protection & Control
1160 Boiler
1170 Unfired Pressure Vessels 1950 Pesticides & Fertilizers
1180 Internal Combustion Engine* 1970 Fees
1980 Authority of LG
1200 Machine Guarding
1210 Electrical Safety 1990 Final Provisions
1220 Elevators & Related 1960 OH Services
Equipment
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

OSH STANDARDS

WHO ARE THE ORGANIZATIONS

INVOLVED IN OSH?
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ADMINISTATIVE ORGANIZATION FOR OSH

DOLE

ECC

• Employees Compensation Commission

• The ECC is responsible for initiating, rationalizing and
coordinating the policies on employees compensation
programs as well as deciding appealed cases from the
GSIS and SSS, the agencies which initially administer the
employee’s compensation program in the public and
private sector.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ADMINISTATIVE ORGANIZATION FOR OSH

DOLE

ECC
Occupational Safety and Health Center
• Undertakes continuing studies and
OSHC researches on OSH
• Plans, develops and implements
training programs on OSH Undertakes
practical testing for safe use and sets
standard specifications of PPEs
• Monitor workers’ exposure to
hazardous substance and
environmental conditions.

A
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ADMINISTATIVE ORGANIZATION FOR OSH

DOLE

ECC
BWC
OSHC

• Bureau of Working Conditions

– The BWC performs primarily policy and program
development and advisory functions in the administration
and enforcement of laws relating to working conditions.
– It oversee the implementation of standards through
technical supervision of enforcement by the DOLE’s 15
A Regional Offices all over the country
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ADMINISTATIVE ORGANIZATION FOR OSH

DOLE
• Implements laws,
ECC policies, plans,
programs, projects,
BWC rules and regulations of
OSHC the DOLE.

RO1 RO2 RO3 RO4 RO5 RO6 RO7 RO15

A
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

HOW DOLE ENFORCE OSH LAWS ?

• The OSH laws are enforced and monitored by

the ROs through its LSED manned by labor
inspectors vested with visitorial and
enforcement power under Article 128.
• Labor inspectors also disseminate information,
advocate and give technical assistance on
OSH
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF OSH LAWS

2 Types of OSH Inspection

➢ Technical Safety Inspection – inspection for
the purpose of safety determination of boilers,
pressure vessels, internal combustion
engines, electrical installations, elevators,
hoisting equipment and other mechanical
equipment

.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF OSH LAWS

2 Types of OSH Inspection

➢ General Safety and Health Inspection – refers to
inspection of work environment, adequacy of work
space, ventilation, lighting, handling, storage or work
procedures, protection facilities, location and operation
of machinery other than those covered by technical
safety inspection and other safety and health hazards in
the workplace.

.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF OSH LAWS

Safety and Health

in
Construction

.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF OSH LAWS

Safety and Health in Construction

➢ Rule 1410 of the OSHS and DO 13, series 1998 provide
requirements for keeping and maintaining a safe worksite
Examples:
1) Health and Safety Committee to plan, develop, implement
worksite programs on OSH approved by DOLE-BWC
2) Approved Personal Protective Equipment
3) Trained or accredited OSH personnel
4) Other administrative and technical safety and health
requirements
.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF OSH LAWS

Safety and Health in Construction

DOLE Advocacy and linkages with stakeholders

- MOA between DOLE and DPWH to harmonize and

complement the National Building Code and the Labor
Code of the Philippines

.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF OSH LAWS

Safety and Health in Construction

DOLE Advocacy and linkages with stakeholders

NBC to include safety and health

DOLE Proposal - to add new Rule on Occupational
Safety and Health in the Revised Implementing Rules
and Regulations pursuant to PD 1096 otherwise known
as the National Building Code

.
ACCREDITATION PROGRAM

Pursuant to Rule 1030

of the
Occupational
Safety and Health Standards
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ACCREDITATION PROGRAM
Rule 1030 - Training and Accreditation of Personnel in OSH

• Mandates the BWC to conduct training program on OSH

directly or through accredited Safety Training Organization.

• Require the employer to appoint a safety officer. The training

course prescribed by the BWC shall be requisite for the
appointment of the safety officer in the place of employment

• All full-time safety officers must meet the requirement of duly-

accredited Safety Practitioner or Safety Consultants by the
Bureau
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

Requirements in the
Practice of OSH
➢Completion of the Bureau
Prescribed Training Course On
OSH conducted by DOLE
Accredited Safety Training
Organization

➢BWC Accreditation as OSH

practitioner/consultant
 Every employer shall take steps to train a
sufficient number of supervisors or technical
personnel in occupational safety and health

No. of workers Non-hazardous workplace *

1 - 250 One(1) part-time safety officer
251 - 500
Two(2) part-time safety officers
501 - 750 One(1) full-time safety officer
751 - 1000 One(2) full-time safety officers
Every add’l. 500 or fraction
One(1) add’l. full-time safety officer
thereof

* Based on Department Order No. 16, series of 2001

 Every employer shall take steps to train a
sufficient number of supervisors or technical
personnel in occupational safety and health

No. of workers Hazardous * Highly hazardous *

1 - 50 1 part-time safety officer 1 full-time safety officer
51 - 200 1 full-time safety officer 1 FT & 1 PT safety officer
201 - 250 1 FT & 1 PT safety officer 2 full-time safety officer
251 - 500 2 full-time safety officer 2 FT & 1 PT safety officer
Every add’l. 500
or fraction thereof
1 add’l. FT safety officer
Every add’l. 250
or fraction thereof 1 add’l. FT safety officer
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

ACCREDITATION PROGRAM
UPDATE
The Bureau has accredited:
• 1800 safety practitioners
• 175 safety consultants
• 20 Active Safety Training Organization
• 4 Testing of Construction Heavy
Equipment organization
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

Labor Standards
Enforcement Framework
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

Labor Standards
Enforcement Framework
Complementary Approaches to Inspection

1. Self-audit
2. Joint Regulation
3. Assistance Program for
Development
4. Industry/Social Accord
5. Delegation of Authority
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

Emerging Trends on the Role and

Functions of OSH
Practitioner/Consultant

Personal safety, health, environmental safety,

equipment safety, process safety, product
safety, security of people and property are
becoming more interrelated and create an
expanded role for OSH professionals
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

Emerging Trends on the Role and

Functions of OSH
Practitioner/Consultant

OSH professionals missions and objectives

are also geared towards providing security
and protection to life and property.
 INTRODUCTION TO OSHS

Emerging Trends on the Role and

Functions of OSH
Practitioner/Consultant

Safety, health and security programs

and activities complement each other.
INTRODUCTION TO OSHS
Importance of Safety
and Health
Session Objectives
At the end of the session, the participants
will be able to:
➢list the leading causes of accidents in construction
sites
➢recognize the present safety and health situations in
the construction industry
➢articulate the importance of safety and health in the
construction industry
Global OSH Situationer
International Labour Organization Report
➢ 270 Million accidents reported
➢ 350,000 of which are fatal
➢ 160 Million work-related illnesses / diseases reported
Global OSH Situationer
➢ 2,000,000 workers DIE every year
➢ More than 100,000 work fatalities occur every month
➢ more than 5,000 everyday
➢ 4 every minute
➢ Each year, 22,000 children are killed by work accidents!
Construction Industry
• At least 60,000 fatalities occur at
construction sites, around the world,
every year
• 1 fatal accident occurs every 10 minutes
• Around 17% of all fatalities at work (1 in
every 6) are construction fatalities
With a highly mobile population of workers
and different contractors working on
dangerous construction sites at the same
time, CONSTRUCTION continues to be a
major cause of death and disabilities.
 Work Accident Summary
Number of Work Accident Cases (2001-2005)

4000
3500
3000
3,687
2500 2,974 2001
2000 2,586 2002
2,635
1500 2003
1000 2,004 2004
500 2005
0
5-Year Distribution of
Work Accident cases
5- Year Distribution of Work-related Accident Cases, By Industry

Total 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001

Industry 13,886 2,586 2,004 2,974 3,687 2,635
Agriculture 2 5,650 788 493 1,376 1,891 1,102
Fishing 93 34 8 24 14 13
Mining & Quarrying 261 81 31 50 77 22
Manufacturing 1 5,843 1,270 1,037 1,151 1,343 1,042
Electricity 233 36 21 37 80 59
Construction 4 378 53 38 42 70 175
Wholesale/ Retail etc. 3 732 109 177 170 148 128
Hotel & Restaurant 97 37 31 25 4 -
Transport.,Storage & Comm. 5 375 86 113 62 38 76
Financial Intermediation 6 4 - 1 - 1
Real Estate etc. 87 47 24 4 7 5
Education 1 - - - - -
Health & Social Work 24 21 3 - - -
Other, Community, Personal Serv. 105 20 27 32 14 12
Public Administration 1 - - - 1 -
 Work Accident Summary

Five-Year Distribution of Work Accident Cases

By Industry(2001-2005)

Agriculture
6,000
Manufacturing
5,000
5,650 Construction
4,000 Mining &
5,843
Quarying
3,000 Wholesale &
Retail
Transport &
2,000
Comm.
Hotels &
1,000 732 Restaurant
378 261 375 97
0
Industry
5- Year Distribution of Work Accident Cases By Industry

(2001-2005)
Agriculture
6,000
Manufacturing
5,000
5,650 Construction
4,000 5,843 Mining &
Quarying
3,000 Wholesale &
Retail
Transport &
2,000
Comm.
Hotels &
1,000 732 Restaurant
378 261 375
97
0
Industry

Agriculture
13,000
12,000 Manufacturing
11,000 12,179
10,000 Construction
9,000
8,000 Mining &
Quarying
7,000
5562 Wholesale &
6,000 Retail
5,000 Transport &
4,000 Comm.
3,000 2736 Hotels &
2,000 Restaurant
1,000 627 530 512 207
0
Industry

(1996-2000)
 Work Accident Summary
Number of Reporting Establishments (2001-2005)

300
250 290
2001
200 241 238 237 2002
226
150 2003
2004
100
2005
50
0
Work Accident Summary
Number of Reporting Establishments (2001-2005)
300
250 290
2001
200 241 238 237 2002
226
150 2003
2004
100
2005
50

Number of Reporting Establishments (1996-2000)

500

400 484
455 '2000
300 '1999
280 '1998
200 289 '1997
204 '1996
100

0
No. of reporting establishments
5- Year Distribution of Work-related Accident Cases, By Region

Total 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001

All Regions 13,886 2,586 2,004 2,974 3,687 2,635
NCR 3 1,430 362 266 252 273 277
CAR 209 38 33 36 83 19
I Ilocos Region 118 20 27 37 6 28
II Cagayan Valley 24 24 - - - -
III Central Luzon 5 490 53 100 46 131 160
IV Southern Tagalog 2 2,694 675 248 444 783 544
V Bicol Region 25 3 10 8 2 2
VI Western Visayas 100 20 11 17 11 41
VII Central Visayas 30 1 5 2 8 14
VIII Eastern Visayas 116 38 18 9 32 19
IX Western Mindanao 10 - - - 6 4
X Northern Mindanao 42 2 7 12 12 9
XI Southern Mindanao 1 7,155 1,092 808 1,792 2,067 1,396
XII Central Mindanao 4 1,261 233 355 305 256 112
XIII CARAGA 81 23 16 15 17 10
ARMM 2 2 - - - -
 OSHC Study (1998)
Factors That Contribute
to the Occurrence of Accidents
in the Construction Industry
Leading Causes of Accidents
Severity of Injury
Type of Trade
Month of Occurrence
Time of Accident
 Why the need for OSH?

Family
Regulatory Agencies
Employee Health

SAFETY

Accident Costs
Production
Corporate
Image Quality
I Direct Costs
T
C
H
E
E
B
O
E
R
R
Y
G
Indirect Costs
Direct Cost of Accidents
• Medical Expenses
• Equipment Damage
• Wasted Raw Materials
• Insurance Premiums
• Litigation Expenses
Indirect Cost of Accidents
1 Injured Workers
➢ Lesser productivity due to interruption on day of
injury
➢ Loss in efficiency
➢ Loss of income
2 Other Employees
➢ loss productivity due to:
▪ work stoppage out of curiosity
▪ when assisting injured worker
▪ due to inspection
➢ Loss in efficiency out of sympathy to the injured
➢ Additional cost due to completion of added work
Indirect Cost of Accidents
3. Supervisors
➢ lost productivity :
▪ when assisting the injured
▪ due to accident investigation
▪ in preparing reports
▪ during inspection
4. Replacement worker
➢ hiring or training
5. Equipment
➢ downtime
Humane Aspects

• Sorrow due to loss

• Hardships and inconveniences
• Physical pain/discomfort
• Psychological problems
Mathematics of Accidents
+ ADDS to your Troubles
- SUBTRACTS from your Profits
x MULTIPLIES your Losses

/ DIVIDES worker from Manager

% DISCOUNTS your Successes
If you think TRAINING is expensive,
try IGNORANCE;
if you think SAFETY is costly,
try ACCIDENT!
SAFETY INSPECTION
“An inspection is a service to an organization
and its workforce; NOT a burden.”

Inspections are needed because nothing is

completely risk-free...
➢ Things wear out
➢ Conditions change
➢ People are not perfect
Managers have moral and legal responsibilities
to provide a safe and healthful workplace.
PURPOSES OF SAFETY
INSPECTION
▪ Eliminate Hazards
▪ Assess Effectiveness of OSH
Program
▪ Display Visible Management
Commitment to Safety
▪ Identify Training Needs
▪ Fulfill Legal Obligations
ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SAFETY
INSPECTION
▪ The inspectors must:
• Have sound knowledge of the facility/workplace;
• Be knowledgeable of the relevant standards, codes
and regulations;
• Be familiar with the organization’s accident
experience and potentials;
• Possess the ability to make intelligent decisions for
corrective action; and,
ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SAFETY
INSPECTION
• Exercise diplomacy in handling personnel and
situations.
▪ The inspection process must be systematic.
▪ There must be a method of reporting, evaluating
and using the gathered data.
TYPES OF INSPECTION
▪ Continuous Inspection
– a process conducted as part of their job
responsibilities in noting and correcting
potential danger
▪ Periodic/Interval Inspection
– a systematic process with specific intervals
and widely regarded as “real” safety and
health inspection
▪ Intermittent/Emergency Inspection

– an unscheduled inspection may be needed

to find and correct unsafe conditions
KINDS OF INTERVAL INSPECTION
▪ Regular Inspection

– a process conducted of a specific area or

equipment
▪ General Inspection

– a planned walk-through of an entire area;

includes places not usually inspected
PREPARING FOR INSPECTION
▪ Review previous accident investigation
and inspection reports
▪ Decide the “flow” of the inspection and
be familiar with the area to be inspected
▪ Formulate checklist
▪ Wear required Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
INSPECTION PROPER

▪ Data gathering
▪ Interview of workers/supervisors
▪ Remember: Inspections must not
interrupt normal operations.
AFTER INSPECTION

▪ Writing of inspection report

▪ Correction of hazards
▪ Monitoring and Evaluation
HOW OFTEN MUST ITEMS BE
INSPECTED
▪ Loss severity potential of the problem
▪ The potential for injury
▪ How quickly can the part become unsafe
▪ History of failures
INSPECTION TOOLS

▪ Clipboards
▪ Inspection forms and checklists
▪ Pens/pencils
▪ Lock-out/tag-out supplies
▪ Measuring tape/ruler
▪ Tape Recorder
INSPECTION TOOLS
▪ Camera
▪ Flashlight
▪ Sampling devices (air, noise,
light, temperature)
▪ Sampling containers
▪ Special PPE
 SAMPLE WORKPLACE INSPECTION
SHEET
Inspection Location: ___________________________________ Date of Inspection: _________________
Department/Areas Covered: _____________________________ Time of Inspection: _________________

Observations For Future Follow-up

Hazard(s) Observed Recommended Action Responsible Action Taken Date
and Location Person

Copies to: ____________________________________ Inspected by: _____________________

INSPECTION ITEMS
• General Work Area
• Excavation
• Tools and Equipment
• Scaffolds
• Construction Machinery
• Materials Handling and Storage
• Welfare Facilities
• Firefighting Equipment
• Chemicals
• Environmental Condition
• Waste Storage and Disposal
• Etc.
CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

▪ Immediately correct everything possible.

▪ Report at once conditions beyond one’s authority
and suggest solutions.
▪ Take intermediate action as needed.
IMPLEMENTATION AND
MONITORING
▪ Management’s Role
• decision-making esp. when money is
involved

▪ Safety Officer’s Role

• follow-up and monitoring
▪ Supervisor’s and Worker’s Role
• execution
WHO WILL CONDUCT THE
INSPECTION?
▪ Safety Professionals
▪ Company or Facility Management
▪ First-line Supervisor or Foreman
▪ Maintenance Personnel
▪ Safety and Health Committee
▪ Employees
▪ Other inspection teams
S_CCESS
It is never complete without

U.
ROLES OF A
SAFETY OFFICER

Engr. ALEX MARLO V. SACABON

SCD-OSHC
Department Order No. 16
Series 2001
RULE 1032 : Definitions

Safety Officer - refers to any employee /

worker trained and tasked to implement
occupational safety and health programs in the
workplace in accordance with the provisions of
the Standards and shall be synonymous to the
term “Safety Man” as used in these
Standards.
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢The principal function of the Safety Man is to act as
the employers' principal assistant and consultant in
the application of programs to remove the hazards
from the workplace and to correct unsafe work
practices
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Serves as Secretary to the Health and Safety
Committee
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Submits to the employer a report of the activities
of the committee, including recommendations
made
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Acts in an advisory capacity on all matters
pertaining to health and safety for the guidance of
the employer and the workers
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Conducts investigation of accidents as member
of the Health and Safety Committee and submits
his separate report and analysis of accidents to
the employer
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Coordinates all health and safety training
programs for the employees and employer
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Conducts health and safety inspection as member
of the committee
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Maintains or helps in the maintenance of an
efficient accident record system and coordinates
actions taken by supervisors to eliminate accident
causes.
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢Provides assistance to government agencies in the
conduct of safety and health inspection, accident
investigation or any other related programs
 Rule 1047 of the OSHS
➢For purposes of effectiveness in a workplace
where full-time safety officer is required, he
shall report directly to the employer
 Duties and Responsibilities
• Advocate, implement and administer the
company’s programs and policies
• Ensure safety information to employees
through IEC materials
• Dispense PPE for protection
• Submit requirements to the government
agencies
 Duties and Responsibilities

• Maintain a constant audit of all existing,

planned, and proposed installations, processes,
and procedures for unsafe conditions or acts.
• Develop and present training programs to all
supervisors.
Authority

• Much authority is given

• Authority necessary to meet
responsibilities.
• Without authority, safety
professional will not fulfill
responsibilities.
 Accountability
• Performance Criteria:
• Reduction of the frequency and severity of
accidents.
• Reduction of costs stemming from accidents.
• The efficiency and smoothness of a department's
operations within operations of the plant as a
whole.
 Relationships
• Manager
• proper interpretation and fulfillment of the duties
and responsibilities and related authority
• Department heads and supervisors.
• The safety engineer is responsible for providing
advice and guidance about safety and industrial
hygiene
• Employees.
• providing advice and guidance about any
employee's specific job or work area.
 Relationships
• Unions.
• fulfilling his contractual obligations regarding
matters of safety and health.
• Outsiders.
• establish appropriate relationships with professional
and organizational groups.
THANK
YOU
CONSTRUCTION
SITE PREMISES
GENERAL PROVISIONS
 Protection to every workingman against the
dangers of injury, sickness or death through safe
and healthful working conditions, thereby
assuring the conservation of valuable
manpower resources and the prevention of loss
or damage to lives and properties.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Real factor in the economic success of any
construction job.
Methods of prevention
Ample evidence
profitable
lower cost and greater efficiency
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SITE
REQUIREMENTS
 Accident prevention is a legal requirement
 Complete understanding between the owner
and the contractor
 Practical experience in running construction
jobs
 Accident prevention as part of advance
planning
 Protection of workers and the public
 Applicable gov’t standard regulations
CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS
Open Excavation
Falling Objects
Welding Operations
Dust Dirt
Temporary Wirings
Temporary Overhead Electrical Lines
 Construction Site Requirement

 Construction premises shall

have adequate fire,
emergency or danger sign
and safety instructions of
standard colors and sizes
visible at all times
Construction Safety Signage

Any, but not limited to, emergency or

danger sign, warning sign or safety
instruction, of standard colors and sizes
in accordance with the specifications for
standard colors of signs for safety
instructions and warnings in building
premises as described in Table II of the
OSH Standards.
WARNING/SAFETY SIGN

 A visual alerting device in the form of a label,

placard or other marking which advises the
observer of the nature and degree of potential
hazards which can cause injury or death
WARNING SIGNS

Safety Signs and Labels : ANZI Z535.4

Color Codes : ANZI Z535.1

Safety Symbols : ANZI Z535.3

WARNING SIGNS

Should alert persons to the following:

Specific hazards
Degree or level of seriousness
Probable consequence of involvement with the
hazards
How hazards can be avoided
WARNING SIGNS
LOCATION
Safety signs shall be placed such
that they will:
❑ Be readily visible to the
intended viewer
❑ Alert the viewer to the
potential hazard in time to
take appropriate action

PROTECTION
Against foreseeable damage, fading or
visual obstruction caused by abrasion,
ultra-violet light, or substance such as
lubricants, chemical and dirt.
WARNING SIGNS
DIMENSION

S  L2/2000
❑ Where:
S & L= expressed in the same unit of measurement
S = Area of Safety Sign
L = Distance of Observation
PANEL
Area of safety sign having distinctive background
color different from adjacent areas of the sign, which
is clearly delineated by a line, border or margin
THREE (3) PANELS PER SIGN
Signal Word

Message

Symbol
 Panel Signs

SIGNAL WORD PANEL

Area of safety sign that contains the signal word
and the safety alert symbol
MESSAGE PANEL
Area of the safety sign that contains the word
messages which identify the hazard, indicate how
to avoid the hazard and advise of the probable
consequence of not avoiding the hazard
Panel Signs
SYMBOL/PICTORIAL PANEL
Area of the safety sign that
contains the symbol/pictorial
SAFETY COLOR CODE
 Will supplement the proper guarding or
warning of hazardous conditions

 Not a substitute for engineering or

administrative controls, including training, to
eliminate identifiable hazards
STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

SAFETY RED: Fire Protection.

To call attention to fire protection equipment
apparatus and facilities
 Fire stations and equipment (fire extinguishers, pumps, buckets,
hose, hydrant)
 Fire extinguishing systems (valves, alarm, sprinkler piping)
 Fire protection materials (doors, blankets)
 To identify Dangers, Stop signals (red lights placed on barricades
at temporary obstructions or on temporary construction; stop
button for electrical switches used for emergency stopping of
machinery
STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

SAFETY GREEN: Safety. Designating Safety

Location of first aid equipment; location of safety devices;

safety bulletin boards
STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

❑Safety WHITE: Traffic. White, black, or a

combination of these are the basic colors for the
designation of traffic and housekeeping marking.
Solid white, solid black, single color stripping or
alternate stripes of black and white.
❑Housekeeping – location of refuse cans; white corners for rooms
and passageways, drinking fountains and food dispensing
equipment location
❑Traffic – location and width of aisleways; deadends of aisles and
passageways; stairways and directional signs
STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS
SAFETY YELLOW: Caution. To designate caution and
for marking physical hazards, such as striking
against, stumbling, falling, tripping and caught in
between. Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes,
yellow and black checkers or yellow with suitable
contrasting background

❑Construction equipment, such as bulldozers, tractors; handrails,

guardrail or top and bottom of treds of stairways where caution is
needed; lower pulley blocks and cranes;piping systems containing
dangerous materials
STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS
❑SAFETY ORANGE: Alert. To designate dangerous
parts of machines and energized equipment which
may cut, crush, shock or otherwise injure, and to
emphasize such hazards when enclosure doors are
open or when gear, belt, or other guards around
moving equipment are open or removed, exposing
unguarded hazards
❑To designate the sign “Do not open or remove” (the inside of
movable guards; safety starting buttons and boxes; exposed parts
of gears, pulleys, rollers, cutting device; inside of the box door or
cover of open fuse, power and electrical switches boxes)
STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS
SAFETY BLUE: Precaution. To designate caution,
limited to warning against starting use of, or the
movement of equipment which is under repair or
being worked upon

❑“Men at Work”
❑“Under Repair”
SAFETY PURPLE: Radiation. To designate radiation
hazards. Yellow is used in combination with purple
for markers, such as tags, labels, signs and floor
markers
Where Signages are Needed
❑Usage of PPE prior to entry to the project site
❑Potential risks of falling object
❑Potential risks of falling
❑Explosives and flammable substances are used or
stored
❑Tripping or slipping hazards
Where Signages are Needed
❑Danger from toxic or irritant airborne
contaminants/substances may exist
❑Contact with or proximity to electrical/facility
equipment
❑Contact with dangerous moving parts of
machineries and equipment
❑Fire alarms and fire fighting equipment
Where Signages are Needed
❑Instructions on the usage of specific construction
equipment
❑Periodic updating of man-hours lost
Worker’s Welfare Facilities
❑Source of drinking water
❑Sanitary and washing facilities
❑Living accommodation
❑Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities
for men and women
Construction Safety
Premises
Construction Site
Housekeeping
Clear Points
1. Housekeeping means there is a place for
everything and everything is in place. It is
everybody’s business to observe it in the
workplace.
2. Housekeeping is important because it lessens
accidents and related injuries and illnesses; it
therefore improves productivity, and
minimizes direct and indirect costs of
accidents/illnesses.
Clear Points
3. The 5S is a very practical, simple and proven
approach to improving housekeeping in the
workplace.
What are the signs of DISORDER
1. Cluttered and poorly arranged areas
2. Untidy piling of materials]
3. Piled-on material damaging other material
4. Items no longer needed
5. Blocked aisleways
6. Material stuffed in corners and out-of-the-way
places
7. Materials gathering rust and dirt from disuse
What are the signs of DISORDER
8. Excessive quantities of items
9. Overcrowded bins and containers
10. Overflow storage areas and shelves
11. Broken containers and damaged materials
Deteriorating housekeeping may be
the first evidence of a deteriorating
safety and health program.
Rule 1060 OSHS
• Premises of establishments
• Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times thru
cleanliness of building, yards, machines and equipment,
regular waste disposal and orderly processes,
operations, storage and filling of materials.
The 5S of Good Housekeeping

Seiri (Sort/eliminate)
Seiton (Systematize/organize)
Seiso (Sweep/clean/polish)
Seiketsu (Sanitize/standardize)
Shitsuke (Self-discipline/training)
Why 5S?

• Safety
• Quality Improvement
• Efficiency
• Productivity Improvement
• Workers feel good in their second home
• Easy knowledge of process abnormalities
• Work Improvement
• Company Image – cleanliness/orderliness/beautification
 Seiri
“Take out unnecessary items and dispose”

Step 1
• Look around your
workplace and
dispose all
unnecessary items
Step 2
• Set aside items with
Disposal Notice
decide if they are
necessary or not
 Seiton
“Arrange necessary items in good order for use”
Step 1
• Eliminate unnecessary items from
your workplace
• Think of what things should remain
in the workplace, taking into account
the flow of work, from the point of
view of safe and efficient operation
Step 2
• Decide with your colleagues where
to put things. The principle is to put
most frequently needed items
close to the user.
 Seiton
“Arrange necessary items in good order for use”

Step 3
• Make a list of things with their
location and put it on
locker/cabinets and inform
everyone in the workplace.
Step 4
• Indicate the places where fire
extinguishers are located,
passages of forklifts/carts, and
wherever necessary, warnings
signs for safety precautions,
etc
 Seiso
“Clean your workplace”

The following are suggested for

Seiso (Sweep) operation:
• Do not wait until things get dirty.
Clean your workplace, including
machines and equipment tools
and furnitures, regularly so that
they do not have a chance to get
dirty

• Put aside 3 minutes everyday for

Seiso (Sweep)
 Seiketsu
“Maintain high standard of housekeeping”

• Maintain a workplace that is

free from germs and stains.
Make a schedule for
thorough cleaning of your
workplace.

• Seiketsu is significant for

works with food products,
pharmaceutical products,
electronic components, etc.
Shitsuke
“Do things spontaneously w/o being told or ordered”

• Make every one practice

4S’s spontaneously and
willingly as a habit or a
way of life

• Practice 4S’s regularly

until such time when
everyone becomes fond
of 5S
How is 5S implemented?

• Training
• Committees
• Planning
• Self-diagnosis and objective setting
• Monitoring
• Evaluation
How is 5S sustained?

• Continuous promotions
• mascot, logo, slogan contests
• publicity boards
• newsletter
• staff meetings
• monthly themes
• competitions
• Benchmarking
• External Visits
• Implementation Plan
The 5S of Good Housekeeping

Seiri (Sort/eliminate)
Seiton (Systematize/organize)
Seiso (Sweep/clean/polish)
Seiketsu (Sanitize/standardize)
Shitsuke (Self-discipline/training)
ELECTRICAL SAFETY

What is Electricity?
A fundamental entity of nature consisting of negative
and positive kinds composed of electrons and
protons.usually measured in electrostatic units
 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

What is Electricity?
Is our most versatile form of energy. Failure to
ensure that safe design, considerations, work
procedures, servicing and maintenance
operation are established often result in bodily
harm (including fatalities),property damage or
both
OHM’S LAW

Voltage
Current = -----------------
Resistance

By corresponding units of measure:

Volts
Ampere = -----------------
Ohms
How do we distinguish High and
Low Voltage?
• High Voltage
• 660 and Up Volts

• Low Voltage
• 1 to 659 Volts
Where do accident usually
Happen?
High Voltage or Low Voltage

Reasons:
• It is were the public moves
• Workmen are less experienced
• It is treated less dangerous
DANGERS FROM
ELECTRICITY

• Shock

• Burn

• Fire
What is electrical Hazard?

• An electrical source of danger

• A potential risk for an electrical

accident
What are the types of Electrical
Hazard?

There are two types:

Physical hazard- is a problem in which the

equipment or area surrounding it poses a threat
due to physical condition

Behavioral hazard- is when a person, by the

way they act or behave, poses a threat for
electrical accident
Examples of physical Hazard
• Wet floors
• Bare or frayed wires
• Overloaded circuits
• An electrical cord under a rug or trap.
• Energized equipment with exposed circuits
Examples of behavioral Hazard?
• Indifference

• Lack of knowledge

• Working while stressed

• Taking shortcuts or risk

RESISTANCE OF
MATERIALS
Most metals ………………………...…>0 to 50 ohms
Human body (wet, ear to ear) ………100 ohms
Human body (damp, hand to foot) …400 to 600 ohms
Human body (wet skin) ………….…1000 ohms
Human body (dry skin) ………….…100,000 to 800,000
ohms
Dry wood …………………………….100,000 ohms
Wet wood …………………….……...1,000 ohms
Rubber …………………….100,000,000,000,000 ohms
ELECTRIC SHOCK
OCCURRENCE MECHANISM

• Breakdown of insulation
• Human body comes in contact with bare
conductor
• Current flows through the human body
EFFECT TO THE HUMAN
BODY

• Disturbance to normal body function

• Burns on body tissue
• Secondary accident
• Involuntary grip
• Ventricular fibrillation
• Death
FACTORS AFFECTING
ELECTRIC SHOCK

• Amount of current flow

• Duration of current flow
• Current pathway
• Body condition
PERSONAL SENSITIVITY TO
ELECTRIC SHOCK

• Age
• Skin condition
• Sex
• Heart condition
PROTECTIVE MEANS
• Use of grounding system
• Decrease the line to earth voltage
• Use equipment with double insulating structure
• Installation of earth leakage circuit breaker
• Equipment utilizing extra low voltage
• Remote control system
PROTECTIVE MEANS
• Proper Installation of Electrical Circuit
• Insulation
• Grounding
• Fuse/Circuit Breaker
• Lock-Out Tag-Out (LOTO)
• Regular Inspection and Maintenance Use of
PPE
REMINDERS
• Strictly follow established standards
• Install temporary or permanent electrical
installations properly
• Place warning signs
• Use protective devices
• Replace protective device with the same kind
and rating
REMINDERS
• Observe proper maintenance schedules
• Conduct regular inspections
• Only qualified personnel are allowed
• Use appropriate electrical test instruments
• Always assume that the circuit is energized
REMINDERS
• Observe LOTO
• Use insulated tools
• Do not work alone on any part of the circuit
• Use the proper PPE
What is fire?
Fire is a chemical reaction between a flammable or
combustible substance and oxygen.
It is frequently referred to as “rapid oxidation
with the evolution of light and heat.”
To produce fire, three things must be present
at the time: ____, ____ and ______.

Fuel Heat
Oxygen
Triangle of Fire

HEAT
Classes of Fuel

Class A Class B Class C Class D

wood, paper, gasoline, Overloaded Magnesium
dried grass, kerosene, electrical sodium,
etc. paints, wires and potassium,
thinners, oil, equipment etc.
etc. Fire spread with
the presence of
class A & B
materials
All About Fuel
(Any material that will burn is classified as fuel)

Flash point - is the lowest temperature at which it

gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable
mixture with air and produce a flame when there
is an ignition source.

Flammable material – a material having a

flashpoint below 100F (37.8C).

Combustible material – a material having a

flashpoint at or above100F (37.8C).
Principles of Fire Prevention and
Control

• Prevent the Outbreak of Fire

 Provide for Early Detection
 Prevent the Spread of Fire
 Provide for Prompt Extinguishment
 Provide for Prompt and Orderly Evacuation
Extinguishments of Fire
• Removal of Fuel
• Limiting Oxygen
• Cooling the Heat
Extinguishing Medium

• Class A - Water is the Best

Extinguishant

• Class B - Metal cover, wet sack, towel,

cloth or blanket, sand and soil

• Class C - Main switch is the first

consideration. Then what is
useful for A & B can be
used here.
Fire Extinguisher

Permanent Portable
 Fire hydrant and
hose
 Sprinkler System
 Automatic
extinguishing
system
 Fire Extinguisher

Pull
Aim
PASS - Word Squeeze
Sweep
 PORTABLE
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Portable Fire Extinguishers
❑First-aid fire fighting equipment designed for use
on fires in their early stages
❑Needed even if the property is equipped with
automatic sprinklers, standpipe and hose, other
fixed protection equipment
❑Designed to be used closed to the burning
materials
Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers
• Water
• Foam
• Carbon Dioxide
• Dry Chemical
• Halogenated Agents
SCAFFOLD
SAFETY
Scaffold

 is a temporary structure, usually made of metal

tubing, which provides support for workers and
materials used in construction, maintenance, repair,
and demolition work.
 are either fixed or they can be disassembled.

188
Department Order No 128-13
Series of 2013

Amending Rule 1414 on

Scaffoldings of the 1989
Occupational Health and Safety
Standards, As Amended

All scaffolds used as temporary

access and temporary work platform
more than 6 meters are in
accordance with the design duly
approved by structural engineer
Scaffold Safety
Approved Fall Protection Systems:
 Fall Restraint System
 Fall Arrest System
 Work Procedure

- Scaffold System
• Guardrail System
• Planking
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

H-Frame
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Cross brace
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Ladder
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Base Jack
Or
Base Plate
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

U Head
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Joint Pin
 Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Swivel Coupler

Sleeve Coupler

Putlog Coupler
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Shoring Jack
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Mudsill
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Caster Wheel
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Planks
Scaffold Parts and Accessories

Rachet
Types of Scaffolds
 Rolling Scaffold
• it has a set of castor or wheels to be able to
shifted back and forth to adjust the scaffolding
structures.
Types of Scaffolds
 Suspended Scaffold
• This scaffolding are suspended from a tall
construct or roof when support to a ground is
not at all possible
Types of Scaffolds
 Supported Scaffold
• consist of one or more platforms supported
by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs,
uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid
support.
Types of Scaffolds
 Aerial Scaffold
• also known as aerial platforms
• is defined as a powered or manually propelled.
• The most common are vehicle-mounted aerial
platforms (scissor type), and
vehicle-mounted aerial lifts with telescopic and
rotating boom.
 Scaffold Safety
General Requirements
• Must be supervised by a competent person
• Sound footing or anchorage
• Don’t use unstable objects
as supports
• Use guardrails
• Use screen
• Use full planking
Scaffold Safety
General Requirements
• Legs should be plumb
• Eliminate slippery conditions
• Post safety rules
• Scaffold shall be tied and fully braced
• Shall be capable of supporting 4x the design load
• Plan or drawing approved by Structural Engineer
Scaffold Safety
General Requirements
• Avoid power lines
• Approval for multiple usage
• Ladders should have landing
• Use outrigger or outboard safety support
• Provide independent life lines
• Work during severe weather condition is
prohibited
• Extend and overlap planks
• Do not ride on rolling scaffold
Scaffold Safety
Personnel Requirements

• Secure all materials and equipment

• Apply brakes at all times
• Should be inspected on a daily basis
Missing Planks

211
Missing Guardrails

212
Improper Access

213
Stupid Set-ups

• The plank is
supported by an
extension ladder, a
closed step ladder
and a straight ladder.
• The guardrails are not
acceptable.
• There is no stability
 Scaffold Capacity
• Must be able support its own weight and 4 times
the maximum intended load.
• Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person.
• They must built and loaded within design.
 Competent Persons

• All scaffolds must be

erected, moved,
dismantled or altered only
under the supervision of
a competent person
Scaffold Foundations
• Scaffolds must have
base plates, even
when setting on a
concrete floor.
• Also, the lack of a
base plate could
damage the scaffold
leg.
 Scaffold Foundations
• Scaffold legs must be
set on base plates and
adequate mudsills.
• There is no base plate
and the scrap plywood
is not adequate.
• The scaffold frame
could penetrate the
plywood.
Never on Masonry!
• Scaffolds should never
be set on bricks,
masonry blocks, etc.
• These are not
structural elements
and could crush under
the scaffold load.
Good Foundations

Frames

Mason’s Adjustable

Hydro-mobile
Plumb & Level The Scaffold

• It all starts in the first

bay.
• If it is set plumb and
square, the rest will
follow.
Mobile Full Guardrails

Scaffolds
Fully Planked
Deck

Proper
Access
All Frame
Bracing

Stack Pins
Locked
Level
Diagonal
Surface
Brace

Total Height Less than 4 times Base

 Training Requirements

• Workers must be trained in

• Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards
• Correct procedures for protection of above
• Proper use of the scaffold
• Load capacities of scaffolds
• Requirements of OSHS

• Retraining as necessary to restore proficiency

 BAD!

Pump Jack
Scaffolds

• Must have an 18”

platform.
• Must have guardrails or
other fall protection

GOOD!
WORKING FROM ELEVATED WORK SURFACES

NOTHING IS SO URGENT
THAT IT CAN NOT BE
DONE SAFELY !!!
WORKING FROM ELEVATED WORK SURFACES

IF IT CAN’T BE DONE
SAFELY, DON’T DO IT
AT ALL
WORKING FROM ELEVATED WORK SURFACES

LET US ALL WORK TOGETHER

TOWARDS AN INJURY-FREE
WOKPLACE