Tutorial CHM432

Chapter 1

Thermochemistry

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Q1
3.36g of ethanol (C2H5OH) is burned in a bomb calorimeter with a
heat capacity of 2.3 kJ/oC. The temperature of the calorimeter
increases from 12.1 oC to 55.5 oC. Calculate the energy of
combustion per mole.

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Answer Q1
Mass of ethanol = 3.36 g
Molar mass ethanol, C2H5OH = 2(12)+ 6(1) + 1(16)= 46g/mol
Mol of ethanol = 3.36g/46g mol-1 = 0.073mol
Heat capacity of calorimeter, Cc = 2.3 kJ/oC
∆T = Tf - Ti = 55.5 - 12.1 = 43.4oC
∆Hcomb = ?

qsurr = Ccal.∆T = 2.3 kJ/oC x 43.4oC = + 99.82 kJ

qsurr = -qrxn

∆Hcomb = - qrxn = - 99.82 kJ = -1367.4 kJ/mol

n 0.073 mol

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Q2
A 0.5g sample of naphthalene (C10H8) is burned in a bomb calorimeter
containing 650g of water at an initial temperature of 293K. After the
reaction, the final temperature of the water is 299.4K. The heat
capacity of the calorimeter is 420J/K. Using these data, calculate the
heat of combustion of Naphthalene in kJ/mol.

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Answer Q2
Mass of naphthalene (C10H8) = 0.5 g
Molar mass naphthalene = 10(12)+ 8(1)= 128g/mol
Mol of naphthalene = 0.5g/128g mol-1 = 0.0039mol
Mass of water, mw = 650g
Specific heat capacity of water, cw = 4.184 J g-1 K-1
Heat capacity of calorimeter, Ccal = 420 J/K
∆T = Tf - Ti = 299.4 - 293 = 6.4 K
∆Hcomb = ?
qsurr = qcal + qwater
= Ccal.∆T + mwcw∆T
= (420J/K x 6.4K) + (650g x 4.184 J/g.K x 6.4K) = + 20,093J

∆Hcomb = - qrxn = - 20,093 J = -5152051 J/mol = -5152 kJ/mol

n 0.0039 mol
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Q3
A bomb calorimeter containing 900 g of water was calibrated by
burning a sample of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH), which heat of
combustion is -3227 kJ/mol. When 1.890g of benzoic acid is burned in
the calorimeter, the temperature of the water and the calorimeter
increases by 8.32oC. Using these data, calculate the calorimeter
constant (Ccal) for this calorimeter in J/C.

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Answer Q3
Mass of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) = 1.890 g
Molar mass benzoic acid = 7(12)+ 6(1) + 2(16) = 122 g/mol
Mol of naphthalene = 1.890g/122g mol-1 = 0.0155mol
Mass of water, mw = 900g
Specific heat capacity of water, cw = 4.184 J g-1 K-1
∆T = 8.32 oC
∆Hcomb = -3227 kJ/mol = - 3227000 J/mol
Heat capacity of calorimeter, Ccal = ? (J/oC)

∆Hcomb = - qrxn = qsurr = Ccal.∆T + mw.cw.∆T

n n n

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Answer Q3 (cont’d)
∆Hcomb = - qrxn = q surr = Ccal.∆T + mw.cw.∆T
n n n
∆Hcomb = Ccal.∆T + mw.cw.∆T
n
∆Hcomb x n = Ccal.∆T + mw.cw.∆T
3227000J/mol x 0.0155 mol = Ccal ( 8.32oC) + (900g)(4.18 J/goC)(8.32oC)
50018.5 J = Ccal (8.32oC) + 31299.8 J

Ccal = 50018.5J - 31299.8J

8.32oC

Ccal = 2249.8 J/oC

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 Q4
State whether the following is exothermic or endothermic reaction. Give a reason
for each answer.

a) The sublimation of dry ice

b) Crystalization of sodium chloride from a saturated solution of sodium chloride.
c) Draw the enthalpy diagram for each reaction of a) and b).
(JUN 2014)

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Answer Q4

a) Sublimation of dry ice (CO2)

CO2 (s) → CO2(g)
Endothermic reaction (Heat energy is absorbed from surrounding)

b) Crystallization of NaCl
NaCl(l) → NaCl(s)
Exothermic reaction (Heat energy is released to surrounding)

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Q5
i) Give the definition of standard heat of formation, Hf .

ii) Given the following reactions and their standard enthalpy changes:

NO(g) + NO2(g) → N2O3(g) Hrxn = -39.8 kJ

NO(g) + NO2(g) + O2(g) → N2O5(g) Hrxn = -112.5 kJ
2NO2(g) → N2O4(g) Hrxn = -57.2 kJ
2NO(g) + O2(g) →2NO2(g) Hrxn = -114.2 kJ
N2O5(s) → N2O5(g) Hsubl = -54.1 kJ

Calculate the heat of reaction, Hrxn for

N2O3(g) + N2O5(s) → 2N2O4(g)

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Answer Q5
i) Standard heat of formation (∆Hof) = 1 mole of a compound is formed
from its constituent elements in their standard states (state at room
temperature, 25°C and at a pressure of 1 atmosphere).

ii) Reaction: N2O3(g) + N2O5(s) → 2N2O4(g)

N2O3(g) → NO(g) + NO2(g) Hrxn = +39.8 kJ

N2O5(s) → N2O5(g) Hsubl = -54.1 kJ
4NO2(g) → 2N2O4(g) Hrxn = -57.2 kJ (x 2) = -114.4 kJ
N2O5(g) → NO(g) + NO2(g) + O2(g) Hrxn = +112.5 kJ
2NO(g) + O2(g) →2NO2(g) Hrxn = -114.2 kJ

∆Hrxn = [(+39.8) + (-54.1) + (-114.4) + (+112.5) + (-114.2)]

= -130.4 kJ
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Q6
The combustion of 3.05g of benzoic acid, C6H5COOH in a bomb
calorimeter of water raises the temperature of the water by 7.60oC.
The enthalpy of combustion for benzoic acid is -3230 kJmol-1.
Combustion of 2.15g of substance A (molar mass = 79 g mol-1) in the
same calorimeter increases the temperature by 6.92oC.
i) Write the thermochemical equation for the combustion of benzoic
acid.
ii) Sketch the enthalpy diagram for the combustion of benzoic acid.
iii)Calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion for A.
(JUN 2015)

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Answer Q6
i) C6H5COOH + 15/2 O2 → 7CO2 + 3H2O

ii) Sketch - Exothermic Diagram

iii) ∆Hcomb = qrxn = Ccal. ∆T

n n

Ccal = ∆Hcomb x n = 3230 kJ mol-1 x (3.05g/122g/mol)

∆T 7.60oC
Ccal = 10.63 kJ/oC
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Answer Q6 (cont’d)
Heat of combustion for sample A :

∆Hcomb = Ccal. ∆T
n
∆Hcomb = 10.63 kJ/oC (6.92oC)
( 2.15g / 79 gmol-1)

= - 2702.9 kJ/mol

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Q7
In each of the following cases, determine the sign of ∆H and briefly
explain whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
i) 2NH3 (g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g)
ii) H2O (l) → H2O (s)

(JUN 2016)

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Answer Q7
i) 2NH3 (g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g)
Endothermic reaction (+ve)
- bond breaking of ammonia molecule (decomposition process) by
absorption of heat energy from surroundings to form its elements (nitrogen and
hydrogen gas molecules).

ii) H2O (l) → H2O (s)

Exothermic reaction (-ve)
- bond forming of water molecules to form water solid (ie: ice) from water
liquid (freezing process) by releasing heat energy to surroundings.

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Q8

Silicon (Si) used in computer chips has a specific heat capacity of

0.0705 Jg-1oC-1. Given that 5.49 J of heat is absorbed by 7.54g of
silicon, calculate the final temperature if the initial temperature
is 25oC.
• (JUN 2016)

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Answer Q8
Specific heat capacity of silicon, cSi = 0.0705 Jg-1oC-1
Mass of Silicon, mSi = 7.54 g
Absorbed heat, q = + 5.49 J
Initial temperature, Ti = 25oC
Final temperature, Tf = ?

q = mSi. cSi. ∆T
5.49 J = 7.54g x 0.0705 Jg-1oC-1 x ∆T
∆T = 10.3oC
∆T = Tf - Ti , Tf = ∆T + Ti = 10.3 + 25 = 35.3oC
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Q9
Ammonia reacts with oxygen as follows:
4NH3(g) + 7O2 (g) → 4NO2 (g) + 6H2O (g)

i) Calculate the enthalpy change (∆Hc) for the combustion of ammonia.

(∆Hof NH3(g) = -46.19kJ/mol, ∆HofNO2(g) = +33.8 kJ/mol, ∆HofO2(g) = 0.0
kJ/mol, ∆HofH2O (g) = -241.8 kJ/mol)
i) Calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of 2 mole of NH3.
• (JUN 2016)

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Answer Q9
i) ∆H combustion = ∑ ∆H products - ∑ ∆H reactants
= (4∆HofNO2 + 6∆Hof H2O) - (4∆Hof NH3 + 7∆HofO2)
= [ (4 x 33.8) + (6 x (-241.8)] - [ (4x (-46.19) + (7 x 0)]
= (-1315.6) - (-184.76)
= -1130.8 kJ

ii) 4 mol of ammonia produces 1130.8 kJ heat energy

if 2 mol ammonia = 1130.8 kJ x 2 mol
4 mol
= 565.4 kJ will be released.
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Q10

A quantity of 85 mL of 0.9 M HCl is mixed with 85mL of 0.9M KOH in a

constant-pressure calorimeter that has a heat capacity of 325 JoC-1. If
the initial temperature of both solutions is the same at 18.24oC,
determine the final temperature of the mixed solution. The heat of
neutralization is -56.2 kJ/mol. Assume the density and specific heat of
the solutions are the same as those for water.
• (DEC 2016)

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Answer Q10
HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O
(0.9 x 0.085 (0.9 x 0.085
=0.0765mol) = 0.0765 mol)
∆Hneutralization = qrxn
n
∆H x n = Ccal. ∆T + mw.cw.∆T
56200 x 0.0765 = 325 x ∆T + (85 + 85)(4.18)∆T
∆T (325 + 710.6) = 4299.3
∆T = 4299.3
1035.6
= 4.15oC

∆T = Tf - Ti , Tf = ∆T + Ti = 4.15 + 18.24 = 22.39oC

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Q11
Methanol (CH3OH) is an organic solvent and also used as a fuel in some
automobile engines. From the following data, calculate the standard
enthalpy of formation of methanol.
2CH3OH (l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2 (g) + 4H2O(l) ∆Ho rxn = -1452.8 kJ/mol

Given that the ∆Hof for CO2(g) and H2O(l) are -393.5 kJ mol-1 and -285.8
kJ mol-1, respectively.
• (DEC 2016)

Yusairie Mohd 2022

 Answer Q11
2CH3OH (l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2 (g) + 4H2O(l) ∆Ho rxn = -1452.8 kJ/mol
∆Hof CO2 = -393.5 kJ/mol
∆Hof H2O = -285.8 kJ/mol
∆Hof O2 = 0 kJ/mol , ∆Hof CH3OH = ?

∆Ho rxn = ∑ ∆H products - ∑ ∆H reactants

-1452.8 = [2(-393.5) + 4(-285.8)] - [2∆Hof CH3OH + 3(0)]
-1452.8 = -1930.2 - 2∆Hof CH3OH
2∆Hof CH3OH = -1930.2 + 1452.8 = -477.4
∆Hof CH3OH = -477.4 = -238.7 kJ/mol
2
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Q12
Given the following data:
H2(g) → 2H (g) ∆H1 = 436.4 kJ/mol
Br2(g) → 2Br (g) ∆H2 = 192.5 kJ/mol
H2 (g) + Br2 (g) → 2HBr (g) ∆H3 = -72.4 kJ/mol

Calculate the enthalpy of reaction for H(g) + Br(g) → HBr (g).

• (DEC 2016)

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Answer Q12
H(g) + Br(g) → HBr (g)

2H (g) → H2(g) ∆H1 = - 436.4 kJ/mol (x ½ ) = -218.2

2Br (g) → Br2(g) ∆H2 = -192.5 kJ/mol (x ½ ) = -96.25
H2 (g) + Br2 (g) → 2HBr (g) ∆H3 = -72.4 kJ/mol (x ½ ) = -36.2

∆Hrxn = ∆H1 + ∆H2 + ∆H3

= (-218.2) + (-96.25) + (-36.2) = - 350.65 kJ/mol

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Q13

A sheet of gold weighing (mAu) 10.0 g and at a temperature (TiAu) of

18oC is placed flat on a sheet of iron weighing (mFe) 20.0g and at a
temperature (TiFe) of 55.6oC. Assume there is no heat loss to the
surrounding. Given that the specific heat capacity of gold and iron are
0.129 Jg-1K-1 and 0.444 Jg-1K-1, respectively. Find the final temperature
(Tf) of the combined metals.
• (JUL 2017)

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Answer Q13
qFe + qAu = 0
-qFe = qAu
- mFe. cFe. ∆T = mAu. cAu. ∆T
- (20) (0.444)(Tf – 55.6) = (10) (0.129) (Tf - 18)
- 8.88Tf + 493.7 = 1.29Tf - 23.22
8.88Tf + 1.29Tf = 493.7 + 23.22
10.17Tf = 516.92
Tf = 50.83oC or (273 + 50.83 = 323.83 K)

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Q14a)
a) When 2.76g of magnesium powder is added to 30.0 cm3 of 2.0M
hydrochloric acid, the temperature increases by 37.5oC.
i) Write an equation for this reaction.
ii) Calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) of this reaction for per mole of
magnesium. Assume that the specific heat capacity of the solution as
water and that the solution having density of 1 g cm-3.

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Q14(b)
b) When 2.00 g of magnesium oxide is added to 30.0 cm3 of 2.0 M hydrochloric
acid, the temperature increases by 19.5oC. The equation of the reaction is shown
below:
MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)
i) Calculate the enthalpy change (∆H) of this reaction for per mole of magnesium
oxide. Assume the solution has similar specific heat capacity and density as in
14(a).
ii) By using Hess’s Law and the results obtained in 14a) and 14b), determine the
standard enthalpy of formation (∆Hof) of magnesium oxide. Given the enthalpy of
formation of water is -285.8 kJ mol-1.
• (JUL 2017)

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Answer Q14(a)
i) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

ii) Mass of Mg = 2.76g

Atomic mass of Mg = 24g mol-1
mol of Mg = 2.76g/24gmol-1 = 0.115 mol

q surr = mw.cw.∆T = (30g)(4.18 Jg-1oC-1)(37.5oC) = 4702.5 J

∆Hrxn = - qrxn = - 4702.5 J = - 40891 J mol-1 = - 40.9 kJ mol-1

n 0.115 mol

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Answer Q14b(i)
MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)
Mass of MgO = 2g
Molar mass MgO = (24) + (16) = 40 g mol-1
Mol of MgO = 2g/40 g mol-1 = 0.05 mol

∆Hrxn = - qrxn = mw.cw.∆T = 30 x 4.18 x 19.5 = 2445.3

n n 0.05 0.05

∆Hrxn = - 48906 J mol-1 @ - 48.91 kJ mol-1

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Answer 14b (ii)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 ∆Hrxn = - 40.9 kJ
MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) ∆Hrxn = - 48.9 kJ
MgCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) → MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) ∆Hrxn = + 48.9 kJ
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O(l) ∆Hof = -285.8 kJ

Mg + ½ O2 → MgO ∆Hof = ??

∆Hof MgO = (-40.9) + (+48.9) + (-285.8)

= - 277.8 kJ mol-1

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Q15

Calculate the heat required (in kJ) to raise the temperature of

250g of water from 28oC to 58oC.
• (JAN 2018)

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Answer Q15

q = mw.cw.∆T
= (250g) (4.18 Jg-1K-1) (58 – 28 oC @ K)
= 31350 J
= 31.35 kJ

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Q16

100 cm3 of 1.0M KOH is added to 150 cm3 of 1.0M HCl in a constant-
pressure calorimeter. The temperature rise is 4.98oC. Calculate the
enthalpy change of neutralization between KOH and HCl. Given the
specific heat capacity of solution is 4.18 Jg-1K-1 and the density of
solution is 1 g cm-3.
• (JAN 2018)

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Answer Q16
KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O

Mol of KOH = 1.0M x 0.1L = 0.1 mol

Mol of HCl = 1.0M x 0.15L = 0.15 mol
(KOH is the limiting reactant)

∆Hneutralization = -qrxn = mw.cw.∆T = (250)(4.18)(4.98)

n n 0.1
= - 52041 J/mol
= - 52.041 kJ/mol (-ve released by reaction)
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Q17

The standard enthalpy change (∆Ho) for the thermal decomposition of

silver nitrate according to the following equation is +78.67 kJ.
AgNO3(s) → AgNO2(s) + ½ O2 (g)
The standard enthalpy of formation of AgNO3(s) is -123.02 kJ mol-1.
Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of AgNO2(s).
• (JAN 2018)

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 Answer Q17
AgNO3(s) → AgNO2(s) + ½ O2 (g) ∆Hdecomposition= +78.67kJ
∆Hof AgNO3 = - 123.02 kJ/mol
∆Hof O2 = 0
∆Hof AgNO2 = ?

∆Hdecomposition = [∆Hof AgNO2 + ½ ∆Hof O2 ] - [∆Hof AgNO3]

+78.67 = (∆Hof AgNO2 + 0) - (-123.02)
∆Hof AgNO2 = 78.67 - 123.02
= - 44.35 kJ/mol
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Q18
The precipitation of silver chloride is given by the equation below.

Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) ∆Ho = -65.6 kJ mol-1

Calculate the enthalpy change when 81.38 g of silver chloride is

precipitated.
• (JAN 2018)

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Answer Q18
Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s) ∆Ho = -65.6 kJ mol-1

Mass of AgCl = 81.38 g

Molar mass AgCl = 108 + 35.5 = 143.5 g/mol
Mol of AgCl = 81.38 g / 143.5 g mol-1 = 0.567 mol

1 mol of AgCl precipitated will release 65.6 kJ heat energy.

Enthalpy change (∆H) = - 65.6 kJ

0.567 mol
= - 115.7 kJ mol-1
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Q19

Consider the following reaction.

2N2(g) + O2(g) → 2N2O(g) ∆H = +163.2 kJ

Calculate the amount of heat change when 10.0 g of N2O (g) is

formed.
• (JUN 2018)

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Answer Q19
2N2(g) + O2(g) → 2N2O(g) ∆H = +163.2 kJ

Mass of N2O formed = 10.0 g

Molar mass N2O = 2(14) + 1(16) = 44 g mol-1
mol of N2O = 10.0 g / 44 g mol-1 = 0.227 mol

163.2 kJ of heat is required or absorbed to form 2 mol of N2O

If 0.227 mol → 0.227 mol x 163.2 kJ = 18.52 kJ
2 mol

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Q20

1.435g of naphthalene (C10H8) was burned in a constant-volume

bomb calorimeter and raised the temperature of the water from
20.28oC to 25.95oC. If the heat capacity of the bomb plus water
was 10.17 kJ/oC, calculate the heat of combustion of
naphthalene.
• (JUN 2018)

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Answer Q20
Mass of naphthalene = 1.435g
Molar mass of C10H8 = 10(12) + 8(1) = 128 g mol-1
Mol of naphthalene = 1.435g / 128 g mol-1 = 0.0112 mol

qsurr = Ccal. ∆T = 10.17 kJ oC-1 (25.95oC - 20.28oC) = 57.7 kJ

∆Hcomb = - qrxn = - 57.7 kJ = - 5151.8 kJ mol-1

n 0.0112 mol

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Q21

Copper (I) oxide can be oxidized to copper (II) oxide:

Cu2O (s) + ½ O2 (g) → 2CuO(s) ∆Hrxn = -146.0 kJ mol-1

Given standard enthalpy of formation (∆Hof) of Cu2O is -168.6 kJ

mol-1. Find ∆Hof of CuO(s).
• (DEC 2018)

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Answer Q21
Cu2O (s) + ½ O2 (g) → 2CuO(s) ∆Hrxn = -146.0 kJ mol-1

∆Hrxn = ∑ ∆H products - ∑ ∆H reactants

∆Hrxn = [ 2∆Hof CuO ] - [∆Hof Cu2O + ½ ∆Hof O2]
-146.0 = 2∆Hof CuO - (-168.6 + 0)
2∆Hof CuO = -146.0 - 168.6
∆Hof CuO = -314.6 = -157.3 kJ mol-1
2

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Q22

At a given set of conditions, 241.8 kJ of heat is released when 1

mol of H2O(g) is formed from its elements. Under the same
conditions, 285.8 kJ of heat is released when 1 mol of H2O(l) is
formed from its elements. Determine change in enthalpy (∆H) for
the vaporization of water at these conditions.
• (DEC 2018)

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Answer Q22
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O(g) ∆Hof = -241.8 kJ mol-1
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O(l) ∆Hof = -285.8 kJ mol-1

Vaporization : H2O(l) → H2O(g)

H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O(g) ∆Hof = -241.8 kJ mol-1

H2O(l) → H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) ∆Hof = + 285.8 kJ mol-1
H2O(l) → H2O(g) ∆Ho vaporization = + 44 kJ mol-1

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 Q23
Diborane (B2H6) has been considered as a possible rocket fuel.
i) Write an equation for the enthalpy of formation of diborane (B2H6).
ii) Using the following data, calculate the enthalpy of formation of diborane
(B2H6).
2B(s) + 3/2 O2(g) → B2O3(s) ∆Ho = -1273 kJ
B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) → B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g) ∆Ho = -2035 kJ
H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O(g) ∆Ho = -242 kJ

• (JUN 2019)

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Answer Q23
i) 2B + 3H2 → B2H6

ii) 2B(s) + 3/2 O2(g) → B2O3(s) ∆Hof = -1273 kJ

B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) → B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g) ∆Ho = -2035 kJ
B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g) → B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) ∆Ho = +2035 kJ
H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O(g) ∆Hof = -242 kJ (x3)
3H2(g) + 3/2 O2(g) → 3H2O(g) ∆Hof = - 726 kJ

∆Hof B2H6 = (-1273) + (+2035) + (-726) = + 36 kJ mol-1

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Q24
A mass of 1.250g of benzoic acid (C7H6O2) was completely
combusted in a bomb calorimeter under constant volume. The heat
capacity of the calorimeter is 10.134 kJ K-1 and the heat of combustion
of benzoic acid is -3226 kJ mol-1.
i) Calculate the change in temperature for the combustion reaction.
ii) Determine whether the heat released during the combustion of
benzoic acid is equal to enthalpy change (∆H) or internal energy
change (∆E).
• (JUN 2019)

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Answer Q24
Mass of benzoic acid = 1.250 g
Molar mass of benzoic acid = 7(12) + 6(1) + 2(16) = 122 g mol-1
Mol of benzoic acid = 0.0102 mol
Ccal = 10.134 kJ K-1
∆H comb = -3226 kJ mol-1 ∆T = ?

i) ∆H comb = q = Ccal. ∆T
n n
∆T = ∆H comb x n = 3226 x 0.0102 = 3.25 K
Ccal 10.134
ii) At constant volume ; qv = ∆E (internal energy change)

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Q25

A mercury mirror is formed due to thermal decomposition of mercury

(II) oxide, HgO(s).
2HgO (s) → 2Hg(l) + O2(g) ∆H = 181.6 kJ
i) State whether the reaction absorbed or released heat. Justify your
answer.
ii) Calculate the heat involved to decompose 555g of mercury (II)
oxide.
• (DEC 2019)

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Answer Q25
i) Absorbed energy (Sign of enthalpy = +ve)

ii) 2HgO (s) → 2Hg(l) + O2(g) ∆H = 181.6 kJ

mass of HgO = 555 g
Molar mass of HgO = 200.6 + 16 = 216.6 g mol-1
mol of HgO = 555 / 216.6 = 2.56 mol

If 2 mol of HgO will absorb 181.6 kJ;

So 2.56 mol → 2.56mol x 181.6kJ = + 232.7 kJ
2mol

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Q26

A 95.0 g piece of iron rod is heated to 85oC and placed in an

insulated vessel containing water at 25oC. If the final temperature
of the system is 35oC, determine the mass of water in gram.
Assume no loss of water and specific heat capacity of iron is
0.4498 Jg-1 oC-1.
• (DEC 2019)

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Answer Q26
Mass of iron = 95.0 g
Ti Fe = 85oC , Tf Fe = 35oC , cFe = 0.4498 Jg-1 oC-1
Ti water = 25oC , Tf water = 35oC , cwater = 4.18 Jg-1 oC-1
Mass of water, mw = ?

- qFe = qwater
- mFe. cFe. ∆T = mw. cw. ∆T
- (95) (0.4498) (35 – 85) = mw (4.18) (35 – 25)
- (-2136.5) = mw (41.8)
mw = 51.1 g
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Q27

The main fatty acid in olive oil is oleic acid, C18H34O2 with ∆Ho of
combustion -1.11x104 kJ mol-1. Calculate the standard enthalpy
of formation (∆Hof) for oleic acid. Given ∆Hof for H2O(g) and
CO2(g) are -241.8 kJ mol-1 and -393.5 kJ mol-1, respectively.
• (DEC 2019)

Yusairie Mohd 2022

 Answer Q27
C18H34O2 + 51 O2 → 18CO2 + 17H2O ∆Hcomb = - 1.11x104 kJmol-1
2
∆Hcomb = ∑ ∆H products - ∑ ∆H reactants
∆Hcomb = [18∆Hof CO2 + 17∆Hof H2O] – [∆Hof C18H34O2 + 51/2 ∆Hof O2]
- 1.11x104 = [ 18 (-393.5) + 17(-241.8)] – [(∆Hof C18H34O2 + 51/2(0)]

∆Hof C18H34O2 = - 11193.6 + 11100

= - 93.6kJ mol-1

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Q28
A manufacturer claims that its new dietetic dessert has “fewer
than 10 Calories per serving.” To test the claim, a chemist at the
Department of Consumer Affairs places one serving in a bomb
calorimeter and burns it in O2(the heat capacity of the calorimeter
= 8.15 kJ/K). The temperature increases 4.937oC. Is the
manufacturer’s claim correct?

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Answer Q28
- q sample = q calorimeter

q calorimeter = Ccal x ∆T
= 8.15 kJ/K x 4.937 K
= 40.24 kJ

40.24 kJ x 1 cal = 9.63 cal

4.18kJ

The manufacturer’s claim is true.

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Q29

3.00 g of carbon was burned in a bomb calorimeter containing

2000 g of water at an initial temperature 20C. The maximum
temperature recorded was 31.3C and the enthalpy of
combustion of carbon is 402 kJ mol-1. Calculate the heat capacity
of bomb calorimeter.

Yusairie Mohd 2022

 Answer Q29
Mass of Carbon = 3 g
Atomic mass of Carbon (C) = 12g mol-1
Mol of Carbon = 3g / 12 g mol-1 = 0.25 mol

∆H = q = mw.cw.∆T + Ccal. ∆T
n n
402000J mol-1 = (2000g)(4.18 Jg-1oC-1)(31.3 – 20.0 oC) + Ccal (31.3-20.0 oC)
0.25 mol
Ccal (11.3) = (402000)(0.25) - (2000)(4.18)(11.3)
Ccal = 533.8 JoC @ 0.5338 kJ oC
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Q30
Heat of combustion of benzene, C6H6 is -3265 kJ mol-1. The heat
of formation for H2O(l) and CO2(g) is -286 kJ mol-1 and -394 kJ
mol-1.
a) Write the thermochemical equation for the combustion of
benzene.
b) Calculate the heat of formation of benzene, then write the
thermochemical equation for the formation of benzene.

Yusairie Mohd 2022

Answer Q30
a) C6H6 + 15/2 O2 → 6CO2 + 3H2O ∆Hcomb = -3265kJ mol-1

b) ∆Hcomb = ∑ ∆H products - ∑ ∆H reactants

∆Hcomb = [6∆HofCO2 + 3∆HofH2O] - [1∆HofC6H6 + 15/2 ∆Hof O2]
-3265 = [6(-394) + 3(-286)] - [∆HofC6H6 + 15/2 (0)]
∆HofC6H6 = (-2364 - 858 + 3265)
= + 43 kJ mol-1

Thermochemical equation for formation of benzene;

6C + 3H2 → C6H6 ∆HofC6H6 = + 43kJ mol-1
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