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    Intro To Irrigation

    Uploaded by

    Chunaram Choudhary
    This document discusses irrigation engineering and methods of irrigation. It describes how irrigation increases food production, ensures optimal crop growth, eliminates mixed cropping, and provides domestic and industrial water supply. Surface irrigation methods like flow irrigation and lift irrigation are explained. Advantages of irrigation include increased food production, generation of hydroelectric power, and flood/drought control. Demerits include water logging and disease spread. Related concepts like flood cushioning, flood proofing, and artificial groundwater recharge are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Intro To Irrigation

    Uploaded by

    Chunaram Choudhary
    26 views6 pages
    This document discusses irrigation engineering and methods of irrigation. It describes how irrigation increases food production, ensures optimal crop growth, eliminates mixed cropping, and provides domestic and industrial water supply. Surface irrigation methods like flow irrigation and lift irrigation are explained. Advantages of irrigation include increased food production, generation of hydroelectric power, and flood/drought control. Demerits include water logging and disease spread. Related concepts like flood cushioning, flood proofing, and artificial groundwater recharge are also summarized.

    Original Description:

    Introduction of irrigation engineering

    Original Title

    2._INTRO_TO_IRRIGATION

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    This document discusses irrigation engineering and methods of irrigation. It describes how irrigation increases food production, ensures optimal crop growth, eliminates mixed cropping, and provides domestic and industrial water supply. Surface irrigation methods like flow irrigation and lift irrigation are explained. Advantages of irrigation include increased food production, generation of hydroelectric power, and flood/drought control. Demerits include water logging and disease spread. Related concepts like flood cushioning, flood proofing, and artificial groundwater recharge are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views6 pages

    Intro To Irrigation

    Uploaded by

    Chunaram Choudhary
    This document discusses irrigation engineering and methods of irrigation. It describes how irrigation increases food production, ensures optimal crop growth, eliminates mixed cropping, and provides domestic and industrial water supply. Surface irrigation methods like flow irrigation and lift irrigation are explained. Advantages of irrigation include increased food production, generation of hydroelectric power, and flood/drought control. Demerits include water logging and disease spread. Related concepts like flood cushioning, flood proofing, and artificial groundwater recharge are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    IRRIGATION

    ENGINEERING

    1. Introduc3on to Irriga3on & Why Irriga3on? Advantages of Water


    Methods of Irriga3on Resource Development & Irriga3on
    Facili3es
    •  Irriga3on is the ar3ficial applica3on of water to
    soil throughout the crop period to assist in the •  Increase in food produc(on
    produc3on of crops. •  Ensuring op(mum growth in the field
    •  Irriga(on water is supplied to supplement the •  Elimina(on of mixed cropping
    water available from rainfall and ground water. •  Genera(on of Hydroelectric Power
    •  In many areas of the world, the amount and •  Inland Naviga(on
    (ming of the rainfall are not adequate to meet •  Flood and Draught Control
    the moisture requirements of crops.
    •  Soil Conserva(on
    •  The pressure for survival and the need for
    addi(onal food supplies are causing the rapid •  Ar(ficial Recharge of Ground Water
    expansion of irriga(on throughout the world. •  Inter-basin transfer
    •  Domes(c & Industrial Water Supply

    Explana3on Varia3on of Crop Yield with the Water Content


    •  Increase in food produc3on – Exact quan(ty
    required can be supplied as different crops have Crop Yield
    CROP YIELD
    different water requirements and the same crop
    may have different water requirements at
    different places, depending on the varia(ons in
    climate, types of soil, methods of cul(va(on,
    useful rainfall etc.
    Y-Values
    •  Ensuring op3mum growth in the field –
    Op3mum Water Content
    Maximum yield is obtained only when sufficient
    required quan(ty is supplied and the
    corresponding moisture content is called as Water Content

    Op(mum Moisture Content.

    1
    IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

    •  Elimina3on of Mixed Cropping – Farmers have a •  Genera3on of Hydroelectric Power – Various


    tendency to cul(vate more than one type of crop Dams, Reservoirs and Mul(purpose Projects
    in the same field such that even if one dies generates hydroelectric power. It is a clean,
    without the required amount of water, at least renewable & reliable energy source.
    he would get the yield of the other.
    •  Flood Control – Provision of various techniques
    This reduces the overall produc(on of the field. such as flood cushioning, embankments and
    With assured water by irriga(on, the farmer dykes, flood plain zoning, flood proofing etc.
    would go for only a single variety of crop in one
    field at any(me, which would increase the yield. •  Draught Control – Promo(ng Soil conserva(on,
    •  Domes3c and industrial water supply – Some water harves(ng prac(ces, minimiza(on of
    water from the irriga(on canals may be u(lized evapora(on losses, and development of ground
    for domes(c and industrial water supply for water including recharging
    nearby areas.

    Demerits of Irriga3on
    •  Over irriga(on may cause water logging which
    reduces crop yield. The roots of most plants require
    oxygen for respira(on. Hence, full satura(on leads to
    restricted growth. Excep(on is rice which requires
    standing water for its growth and supply of oxygen
    to the roots is made from leaves.
    •  Irriga(on may lead to crea(on of condi(ons which is
    favorable for the spread of diseases like dengue and
    malaria.
    •  Irriga(on may lead to seepage of nitrates into the
    ground water table.

    2
    IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

    Surface Irriga3on
    It can be further classified as –
    •  Flow Irriga3on – When water is available at a
    height such that it can be directly applied to
    the agricultural field by only the ac(on of
    gravity.
    Ex. Canal Irriga(on
    •  It can be further classified into –
    1. Perennial Irriga3on
    In this system, constant & con(nuous water is
    supplied throughout the crop period. Bhakra Main Canal

    2. Flood Irriga3on/Uncontrolled Irriga3on


    In this system, soil is kept submerged &
    LiV Irriga3on
    flooded with water so as to cause thorough
    satura(on of the field.
    •  LiV Irriga3on – water is li[ed up by some
    mechanical or manual ac(on and then is
    supplied for irriga(on
    Sub-Surface Irriga3on
    Water doesn’t wet the surface and is applied to
    the root zone by the ac(on of capilarity

    3
    IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

    •  Natural Sub-Surface Irriga3on – Leakage


    water from channels etc. goes underground Diversion Scheme for Irriga3on
    and during passing through root zone, it may
    irrigate the land..
    •  When underground irriga(on is simply
    achieved naturally without any addi(onal
    efforts, it is called natural sub-surface
    irriga(on
    •  Ar3ficial Sub-Surface Irriga3on – When a
    system of open jointed drains is ar(ficially laid
    below the soil so as to supply water to the
    crops by capillarity, it is called as ar(ficial sub-
    surface irriga(on. Ex. Drip Irriga(on
    Source – NPTEL

    Related Terms– •  An industrial plant comprising buildings, storage


    •  Flood cushioning – The reservoirs created yards, roads, etc., may be protected by a ring
    behind dams may be emp(ed to some extent, levee or flood wall.
    depending on the forecast of impending flood, •  Individual buildings sufficiently strong to resist
    so that as and when the flood arrives, some of the dynamic forces of the flood water are
    the water gets stored in the reservoir, thus some(mes protected by building the lower
    reducing the severity of the flood. stories (below the expected high-water mark)
    without windows and providing some means of
    •  Flood proofing – In instances where only water(ght closure for the doors.
    isolated units of high value are threatened by
    Thus, even though the building may be
    flooding, they may some(mes individually
    surrounded by water, the property within it is
    flood proofed. protected from damage and many normal
    func(ons may be carried on.

    4
    IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

    Example of Flood Proofing •  Ar3ficial Recharge of Ground Water – Water


    may be diverted to various areas through
    canals, intake structures or check dams etc. to
    the areas where ground water table is less.
    •  Check dams are small barriers built across the
    direc(on of water flow on shallow rivers and
    streams for the purpose of water harves(ng.

    •  The small dams retain excess water flow CHECK DAM


    during monsoon rains in a small
    catchment area behind the structure.
    •  Pressure created in the catchment area
    helps force the impounded water into
    the ground.
    •  The major environmental benefit is the
    replenishment of nearby groundwater
    reserves and wells.

    5
    IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

    Rise & Fall of Soil Moisture Content during Crop


    Period

    Source – NPTEL

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