To consistently provide better education and training in

shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

AC GENERATOR

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Three Phase Generator

• Have three sets of coils called phase windings,
located in slots in the stator surrounding the
rotating magnetic poles.

• The emf induced in each phase is 120ᵒ out of phase

with the other two phases.

• Three phase windings are labelled as U-V-W with

color coding of red, yellow and white used on the
terminals and busbars.

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Three Phase Generator

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Generation of three phases generator

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Stator

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
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Rotor

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
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Rotor
Salient Pole (Low speed)

Cylindrical rotor (High speed)

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter
• Excitation systems can be defined as the system
that provides field current (DC current) to the
rotor winding of a generator.

• DC is supplied to the rotor by separated DC source

called exciter.

• Excitation must continually regulate to maintain

generator output voltage as the load power
demand fluctuate.

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter
Two types of Exciter

1. Static excitation, brush type

- excitation being done at static part

2. Rotating excitation, brushless type

- excitation being done at rotor part (Exciter is
part of rotor)

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter (Static)

Static excitation system

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter (Static)
• In static exciter, power for providing field excitation
of rotor is derived from generator output
• Excitation transformer is used to step down voltage
to required voltage level
• The transformer output is fed to a three-phase
controlled rectified bridge (SCR=silicon-controlled
rectifier) for conversion to DC.
• Then DC is supply to rotor to create magnetic field.
• Also known as compounding exciter as regulation
being done by Voltage and Current feedback.

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter (Brushless) 3 phase

AC
output

3 phase
AC
output

Schematic diagram for brushless

excitation system

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter (Brushless)
Consist of pilot exciter,
main exciter and main
generator

Pilot excitor
When rotor is rotated,
emf is induced in PMG
stator winding produce AC
voltage

AC voltage is converted to
DC voltage through
rectifier diode (AVR)

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter (Brushless)
Main exciter
DC voltage from AVR
excites field winding of
excitor stator and again
AC voltage is induced in
rotating part of exciter
rotor

AC voltage from exciter

rotor is fed into rotating
diode on same shaft to
convert into DC voltage

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter (Brushless)
Main generator
DC voltage from rotating
diode excites main
generator field and
produce three phases AC
voltage output in main
generator main stator

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Exciter (Brushless)
• Rectification of the AC exciter voltage is achieved
by six shaft-mounted silicon diodes.
• The suppression resistor connected across the
main generator field protects the diodes against
voltage surges arising from sudden changes in
excitation current.
• Although diode failures are rare, some generator
field systems are fitted with an electronic
detector relay to give an alarm and/or trip signal
should such a fault occur. Usually, the detector
monitors the exciter field current whose size and
shape are noticeably affected by a diode failure.

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

The Purpose of Generator

1. Convert mechanical power from prime mover to
electrical power.
2. The value of voltage produced depends excitation
current at rotor and speed of prime mover.
3. The value of current produced depends on cross-
section area of winding in stator.

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Power In 3 Phase AC

P = True Power
P = √3 VI Cosθ
V = Line Voltage
I = Line Current
Cos θ= Power factor

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
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shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Specification for LV & HV

LV generator
Diesel Generator (500KW)
HV generator
1. Diesel Generator (11MW)

Turbo Alternator (2900KW)

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

AC Generator Specification

VOLTAGE generated Frequency Generated

depends on: depends on:
• Strength of magnetic • Rotational speed
flux • Number of Poles
• Rate of flux cut the
coil F= (n x p)/120

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1
 To consistently provide better education and training in
shaping the next generation of global maritime leaders

Tutorial

a) List three basic construction of generator

b) Describe the function of excitation

c) Describe the brush and brushless type of

excitation system

d) Describe the reason DC is used for

excitation

e) Describe the effect if generator loss

excitation

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MED/DEA 2743/AME AC GENERATOR Apr-2021/Rev1