T.L.E 7 3Q
T.L.E 7 3Q
T.L.E 7 3Q
BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
Hearty morning dear students! Welcome to the next chapter of your stimulating flight of learning as
we enter the new quarter. I hope that even during this COVID-19 pandemic, your enthusiasm and
excitement to learn is intact. In our Technology and Livelihood Education subject, we will focus on the
Caregiving. Your prior knowledge in your previous EPP class will still be used for you to be able to
cope with given tasks/ activities. I hope you will enjoy our lessons! Thus, in this first quarter learning
module, you are expected to acquire the essential knowledge and develop the basic skills prescribed by
DepEd’s learning standards aligned with the MELCs as shown in the table below.
Caregiving, has been conceptualized to equip you with basic knowledge and skills in caregiving and
develop positive attitude towards work. The module contains lessons on the proper use of tools and
equipment, and its use, performing simple calculations in oral, rectal and pediatric dosages,
Occupational safety and health practices, controlling hazard and risks, and maintaining caregiving tools,
equipment and paraphernalia. Assessment tests at the end of the lesson are provided so that you can
evaluate yourself in terms of skills and knowledge, determine your interest and attitude towards work,
and discover your creative potentials and talents.
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Roger G. Malawit (2015). Useful for Life: Caregiving: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia retrieve from
https://extendatouch.com/community/helpline/caregiver-support/toolstechnology#all
INTRODUCTION:
The term Caregiving simply implies care is provided to someone who has poor mental health,
physically disable, or whose health is impaired by sickness or old age.
Caregiving brings forth a voluntary caregiver or an informal carer to take care of someone who
has chronic disease or illness. He or she manages medications or talks to doctors and nurses on
someone’s behalf. He or she helps bathe or dress someone who is frail or disabled. Also, he or she takes
care of household chores, meals, or bills for someone who cannot do these things alone.
The role of a carer or caregiver has been increasingly recognized as important in today’s times
because of the rising aging population. Many organizations likewise need the services of a carer for they
provide support for persons with disabilities. Functionally and economically, Caregivers are vital.
In a broadly conceptualized theory of care, there are three major ideas about the process of care:
1. Caregiving is both a physical and an effective process.
2. Caregiving is relational, a process that cannot be separated from people’s past or present
experiences with each other, or even anticipated future experiences.
3. Caregivers are witnesses to the people they care for. That is, caregivers are said to be the
eyewitnesses to the pain and vulnerability of people for whom they provide care.
Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
1. What are the different caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal? In
cleaning, washing and ironing? In taking vital signs?
2. Why is it important to know each caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly?
s
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
Directions: Identify what is being described. Write your answer on the blank before the number.
_________1. It destructs microorganisms in containers.
_________2. It is a multi-tasking tool used in preparing food.
_________3. It removes moisture through ventilation.
_________4. It is used for listening to the action of the heart, lungs etc.
_________5. It is an instrument for grasping and holding.
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he/she uses the right
equipment, tool, or paraphernalia that is applicable to a specific job. You, as a future caregiver,
therefore, should be well versed with the different tools and equipment that you will use when you are
already in the health care profession.
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia used in meal preparation
Airpot An air pot is a vessel usually
rounded which is used for
holding liquid to maintain heat
or coldness
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia used in cleaning, washing and ironing
Bottle sterilizer A bottle sterilizer is an
apparatus which is used in
destructing microorganisms in
containers like feeding bottle
through boiling
1. What are the different caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal? In
cleaning, washing and ironing? In taking vital signs?
These are the caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal:
Airpot & Food Processor
Blender & Food tongs
Coffee maker & Ladle
Cutting board & Microwave oven
Electric knife * Stove
Electric can opener
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in cleaning, washing and ironing
Bottle sterilizer & Dishwasher
Broom & Dustpan
Dryer & Clothes hanger
Flat iron & Ironing board
Duster & Vacuum cleaner
Washing machine & Laundry basket
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in taking vital signs:
BP Apparatus Aneroid (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Digital (sphygmomanometer)
Stethoscope
Thermometer
2. Why is it important to know each caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly?
One of the most important tasks of a caregiver is to make sure that he/she uses the right
equipment, tool, or paraphernalia that is applicable to a specific job. Caregiver should be well
versed with the different tools and equipment that you will use when you are already in the health
care profession, to avoid unnecessary situation that may lead to any health problem or situation. It
is also to reduce stress and exhaustion.
The role of a carer or caregiver has been increasingly recognized as important in today’s times because of the
rising aging population. Many organizations likewise need the services of a carer for they provide support for persons
with disabilities. Functionally and economically, Caregivers are vital.
In a broadly conceptualized theory of care, there are three major ideas about the process of care:
1. Caregiving is both a physical and an effective process.
2. Caregiving is relational, a process that cannot be separated from people’s past or present experiences with
each other, or even anticipated future experiences.
3. Caregivers are witnesses to the people they care for. That is, caregivers are said to be the eyewitnesses to the
pain and vulnerability of people for whom they provide care.
These are the caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia use in preparing a meal:
Airpot & Food Processor
Blender & Food tongs
Coffee maker & Ladle
Cutting board & Microwave oven
Electric knife * Stove
Electric can opener
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in cleaning, washing and ironing
Bottle sterilizer & Dishwasher
Broom & Dustpan
Dryer & Clothes hanger
Flat iron & Ironing board
Duster & Vacuum cleaner
Washing machine & Laundry basket
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia use in taking vital signs:
BP Apparatus Aneroid (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Mercurial (sphygmomanometer)
BP Apparatus Digital (sphygmomanometer)
Stethoscope
Thermometer
Department of Education
Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Diocese of Bayombong Educational System (DBES)
Saint Louis School, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
___________________________________________
Name of School
A. Written Work/s:
A. Search for the ten (10) different caregiving equipment, tools or paraphernalia found in this
puzzle. Encircle the word/words vertically, horizontally, backward, upward or downward.
B. Group the following tools, equipment, and paraphernalia according to their classifications.
Write each word in the appropriate box.
Dryer Electric knife Flat Iron Sphygmomanometer Food
Processor
Ladle Ironing board Stethoscope Thermometer Blender
Used for Meal Preparation Used for cleaning, washing, Used for taking vital signs
ironing
WEEK 2: OPERATE CAREGIVING EQUIPMENT, TOOLS AND PARAPHERNALIA
The learner demonstrates understanding on operating Caregiving
Content Standard
Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia
The learner independently identify the steps in operating Caregiving
Performance Standard
Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia
Most Essential Learning
Operate Caregiving Equipment, Tools and Paraphernalia
Competencies (MELCs)
Critical, Creativity, Collaboration and Career and Learning Self
21st Century Learning Skills
Reliance
Academically Excellent, Social Responsibility, Community Building,
Core Values
Christian Witnessing
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
C. Printed:
Roger G. Malawit (2015). Useful for Life: Caregiving: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press
Incorporation
D. Online links:
Operating Caregiving Tools and Equipment retrieve from
https://www.coursehero.com/file/55991651/Caregiving-Tools-Equipment-and-
Paraphernaliapdf/
INTRODUCTION:
Now that you have successfully identified the different equipment, tools, and paraphernalia used
in providing health care, it is a must that you master the proper utilization of each. As an efficient and
dependable caregiver, you must learn the procedures in operating them, since you will be expected to
use them in your particular job.
Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, Operate caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
As an efficient and dependable caregiver, you must learn the procedures in operating
them, since you will be expected to use them in your particular job.
Body temperature is a measurement of the amount of heat in the body. The balance
between heat produced and heat lost is the body temperature. The normal adult body
temperature is 37 degrees Celsius. There is a normal range in which a person’s body
temperature may vary and still be considered normal. Take a look at these normal ranges of
body temperature:
Oral : 36.4 to 37.2 degrees Celsius
Rectal : 37 to 37.8 degrees Celsius
Axillary : 35.9 to 36.7 degrees Celsius
The following are the different types of thermometers:
Another important measurement that you should learn to take is the blood pressure.
Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels. The
heart contracts as it pumps the blood into the arteries. When the heart is contracting, the
pressure is highest. This pressure is what we know as the systolic pressure. Now, as the
heart relaxes between each contraction, the pressure decreases. When the heart is at its most
relaxed state, the pressure is lowest. And we call this diastolic pressure.
Department of Education
Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Diocese of Bayombong Educational System (DBES)
Saint Louis School, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
___________________________________________
Name of School
Written Work/s:
Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. When an adult client asks you about his/her vital signs, your best answer would be:
A. I am only allowed to report them to my superior.
B. Your temperature is 37 degrees orally; your blood pressure is 128/70, and your respirations
are 24. Is there anything more that you would like to know sir/ma’am?
C. Oh, they are not that important. There is no need for you to know about it.
D. Even if I tell you sir/ma’am, you will not understand them.
2. The fifth vital sign is
A. Blood pressure B. Pain
C. Respiration D. Temperature
3. This appliance is useful especially at mealtime.
A. Blender B. Electric can opener
C. Food processor D. Microwave oven
4. This uses a magnet so that the lid will remain attached to it.
A. Blender B. Coffee maker
C. Electric can opener D. Microwave oven
5. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This is called the
A. Blood pressure B. Diastolic pressure
C. Heart pressure D. Systolic pressure.
Performance Task/s:
Demonstrate the proper use of at least five (5) caregiving tools, equipment or paraphernalia.
Narrate your experience in using those caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia. Document
yourself through taking of photos. You can follow the format below for the documentation.
Name:___________________ PHOTO
Week No.:____
PHOTO
Grade & Section:__________
Use of Caregiving Tools, Equipment
and Paraphernalia
Rubric:
Category Excellent (3) Very satisfactory Satisfactory (1) Score
(2)
Use of tools Uses tools and Uses tools andUses tools and
and equipment correctly equipment correctly equipment correctly
equipment and confidently at and confidently most and but less
all times of the times confidently sometimes
Application Manifests very clear Manifests clear
Manifests
of procedures understanding of the understanding of the understanding of the
step- by-step step- by-step
step-by-step procedure
procedure procedure but sometimes seeks
clarification
Works Works Works independently
independently with independently with with ease and
ease and confidence ease and confidence confidence sometimes
at all times most of the time
Safety work Observes safety Observes safety Observes safety
habits precautions at all precautions most of precautions sometimes
time the time
Completion Task is completed Task is completed Task is nearly
of tasks following the following the completed following
procedures in the procedures in the the procedures in the
activity project plan project plan
improvement/
innovations
Time Work completed Work completed Work completed a day
management ahead of time within allotted time after.
TOTAL
Comment/s
WEEK 3: DOSAGE CALCULATION
The learner demonstrates understanding on computation for oral,
Content Standard
rectal and pediatric dosages.
The learner independently perform simple calculation on oral, rectal
Performance Standard
and pediatric dosages.
Most Essential Learning
Perform dosage calculations.
Competencies (MELCs)
Critical, Creativity, Collaboration and Career and Learning Self
21st Century Learning Skills
Reliance
Academically Excellent, Social Responsibility, Community Building,
Core Values
Christian Witnessing
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
E. Printed:
Roger G. Malawit (2015). Useful for Life: Caregiving: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press
Incorporation
F. Online links:
Pediatric_Dosage_Calculations retriev from https://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-
Drug Guide/109514/all/Pediatric_Dosage_Calculations
INTRODUCTION:
Dosage calculation is the process of determining or figuring out the accurate dose of medication
prior to its administration, depending on the doctor’s order. It is very significant skill required for health
care professionals.
It is also one key responsibilities being performed every now and then in the medical industry.
Since drug administration is a basic activity in any medical setting, it is therefore expected that drug
dosage calculations are executed accurately.
Doctor’s order is always the basis of drug administration. It is a must to validate such
instructions and see if any component is missing. In case the doctor’s instruction is incomplete, it shall
be considered invalid and drug should not be administered. Do not even try to calculate the dosage at all.
It is simply because inaccurate dosage calculations will automatically result to medication errors, which
can lead to serious, dangerous, and even fatal incidents. Thus, health care professionals should perform
dosage calculations with utmost care and must always come up with the correct amount of doses.
Learning Dosage Calculation is highly imperative for future caregivers. This is to guarantee that
you will be an expert and well-versed in handling the task.
Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, Dosage Calculation.
Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
1. Why is dosage calculation a significant skill required for health care professionals?
2. What are the possible results of drug dose miscalculations?
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Drug calculation should not be a difficult task for health care professionals. Some would actually
want to ignore this responsibility, but unfortunately, it is definitely something anyone cannot get rid of.
Prior to drug administration, computation should be executed first. Ratios, fractions and
proportions are numerical relationships that you should be fully comfortable dealing with.
Ratios Fractions Proportions
It is an easy way to It is a certain portion of It is an equation
compare two numbers. a whole. indicating that two ratios
It shows a colon (: ) in It shows a slash or a or two fractions are
the middle of the two horizontal line between equal with each other.
numbers in relationship. two numbers in a It shows a double colon
Example: relationship. (:: ) in the middle of two
2:3 Examples: ratios; it shows an equal
6:8 2/3 signs (=) in the middle
7:9 6/8 of two fractions.
7/9 Example:
2:3::4:6
6:8::9:12
7/9=14/18
Math Tip: We use colon for ratios while we use forward slash or horizontal bar for fractions. Double
colon (::) used for ratios also means equal (=) used for fractions.
WHAT IS AN “X”?
Finding the value of X is very important in dosage calculations. X is the unknown amount or quantity
we are going to compute so we can identify what is being asked for in an equation.
Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Ratios in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation.
2. Start with the solution by doing a multiplication. Note: The product of the means is equivalent to the
product of the extremes. Means are the middle quantities while the extremes are the external quantities
3. Solve for the value of X.
4. Double check your work by completing the equation.
Example 1:
How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients?
Step 1. Prepare the equation. X : 15 patients :: 6 nurses : 30 patients
Step 2. Start with the solution by doing a multiplication. Multiply the means (middle) using the left side
and multiply the extremes (external items) using the right side. Put an equal sign between both sides.
15 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients
Step 3: Solve for the value of X. In the given problem, the value of X refers to
15 patients x 6 nurses = X x 30 patients
90 = 30 X 90 / 30 = X or X = 3 nurses
Therefore, 3 nurses will take charge of 15 patients while 6 nurses handle 30 patients.
Step 4: Double check your work by completing the equation.
3 nurses : 15 patients :: 6 nurses : 30 patients
Example 2:
Find the value of X using the equation given below:
2500 mg : 10 tablets :: X : 3 tablets
To compute,
10 tablets x X = 2500 mg x 3 tablets
10 X = 7500 mg
X = 7500 / 10
X = 750 mg
Check and complete the equation
2500 mg : 10 tablets :: 750 mg : 3 tablets
Steps in Solving the Value of X Using Fractions in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation.
2. Start with the solution by doing cross multiplication.
3. Solve for the value of X.
4. Double check your work by completing the equation.
Example 1: How many nurses will take charge of 15 patients if 6 nurses handle 30 patients?
Step 1. Prepare the equation.
Below is a table of most commonly used measurements with its corresponding conversions.
Example:
Doctor orders 5 mg of morphine to be administered intravenously to a patient with substernal chest
pain. You have 1 ml vial that contains 10mg of morphine (10 mg/ml). How many milliliters are you
going to have to draw up into a syringe and push IV into your patient’s IV line port?
What are given?
Desired Dose – 5 mg of morphine IV
Concentration – 10 mg
Volume on Hand – 1 ml
What is asked? Dosage to be given to the patient, in ml
Formula:
METRIC CONVERSIONS
There are instances when we need to convert a unit of measurement to another when calculating
for drug dosages.
The metric system of measurements is based on a number of basic measures or units. Take a
quick look at the table below.
Still a lot of health professionals are having difficulty with drug calculations. Is it because they
don’t like Math? Before administration, some drugs require some sort of calculation and some of which
requires simple to complex conversion. Don’t make life complicated. Look for the best alternative
measurement system which could make all the difference and make things easy for you.
CALCULATING ORAL DRUG DOSAGES
These substances which are administered orally can be in the form of tablet, capsule, or liquid.
Oral drugs are mostly available in a limited number of strengths or concentrations. It is, therefore, very
important that you have the skill to calculate prescribed dosages for different drug forms.
Interpreting Oral Drug Labels
For you to administer an oral drug safely, you must make
sure that it is the correct drug with the right dosage. Therefore, it
is very vital that you would be able to read and interpret oral drug
labels.
1. Identify the Drug Name Know the difference between the
brand name and generic name. Verify the generic name first. If
the drug has two names, the generic name usually appears in
lowercase print and sometimes in parentheses. The generic
names are the active ingredients in the medicine. Whether the brand name of generic name is used, be
very careful when reading the label to avoid errors.
Important: Pay attention to the active, or generic name, since too much of an active ingredient can be
harmful if you take more than one product with the same active ingredient without knowing it.
2. See the Dosage Strength
After identifying the drug name, look for the dose strength on the label. Important: Pay close attention
to the labels of two same drugs which may look exactly alike aside from that of the dose strength. One
of them might indicate 125mg and the other one is 250mg. Be keen in checking the dose strength
because it forms part of the dosage calculation.
3. Check the Expiration Date You also have to check the expiry date. It is a vital information which is
sometimes overlooked. Tip: For best shelf life, store all medications in a cool, dry place. Calculating
Drug Dosages Most of the time, you will use ratios in proportion to compute for drug dosages. At
this point in time, you should already be familiar in dealing with the equation using ratios in proportions.
Rules in Calculating Drug Dosages
Remember the rules to accurately calculate drug dosages and eliminate errors as well.
1. Use the correct units of measure to avoid errors in calculating doses.
2. Be careful in placing decimal and zero.
3. Double-check strange answers.
Steps in Calculating Drug Dosages Using Ratios in Proportion
1. Prepare the equation by using ratios in proportion.
2. Start with the solution by considering that the product of the means is equivalent to the product of
the extremes. Means being the middle items and extremes being the external items.
3. Solve for the value of X.
4. Double check your work by completing the equation using ratios in proportion.
Example 1:
How many ml of a medicine are in two bottles if one bottle has 60 ml?
Step 1. Prepare the equation by using ratios in proportion.
1 bottle : 60 ml :: 2 bottles : X
Step 2: Start with the solution by considering that the product of the means is equivalent to the product
of the extremes. Means being the inner items and extremes being the external items.
60 ml x 2 bottles = 1 bottle x X
Step 3: Solve for the value of X. In the given problem, the value of X refers to
60 ml x 2 bottles = 1 bottle x X
120 ml = 1 X
or
X = 120 ml
Therefore, the 2 bottles contain 20ml of medicine.
Step 4: Double check your work by completing the equation using ratios in proportion.
1 bottle : 60 ml :: 2 bottles : 120 ml
Example 2:
How many mg of a drug are in 4 capsules if 3 capsules contain 1500 mg?
Equation: 3 capsules : 1500 mg :: 4 capsules : X
Solution: 1500 mg x 4 capsules = 3 capsules x X
6000 mg = 3 X
X = 6000 mg / 3
X = 2000 mg
Complete Equation: 3 capsules : 1500 mg :: 4 capsules : 2000 mg
Important: Every medical caregiver, including the medical assistant needs to be familiar with these rules.
Children need special medication and require special care because of their size, metabolism, and
other factors.
Choose the best device for administering pediatric oral drugs
Be familiar with all the methods used in calculating pediatric doses
- Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
- Clark's Rule
- Young's Rule
- Fried's Rule
1. Why is dosage calculation a significant skill required for health care professionals?
Dosage calculation is a significant skill required for every health care professionals to
avoid any possible medication errors, which can lead to serious, dangerous, and even
fatal incidents. Bear in mind that your main goal is to take full care of your patients and
keep them safe.
2. What are the possible results of drug dose miscalculations?
Drug dose miscalculation can cause severe physical injury and possible death to patients.
These preventable mistakes could also cause severe financial, psychological, and
emotional stress to the healthcare provider, especially to the patient.
Dosage calculation is the process of determining or figuring out the accurate dose of medication
prior to its administration, depending on the doctor’s order. It is very significant skill required for
health care professionals.
It is also one key responsibilities being performed every now and then in the medical industry.
Since drug administration is a basic activity in any medical setting, it is therefore expected that drug
dosage calculations are executed accurately.
Ratio, Fraction and Proportion:
We use a colon ( : ) or a double colon ( :: ) in ratios
We use a forward slash ( / ) or a horizontal bar ( -) in fractions
Proportion is an equation showing 2 sets of equal ratios
The middle items in a proportion is called ―means
The external items in a proportion are called ―extremes
X in an equation which stands for the missing or unknown value
Interpreting Drug Labels
Always read the drug labels carefully.
Identify the difference between the brand and generic name.
Paying close attention to the dosage strength is very vital in calculating the dosage for oral
drugs
Expiry date is an important information as well in interpreting the drug labels.
Important: Every medical caregiver, including the medical assistant needs to be familiar with these
rules.
Children need special medication and require special care because of their size, metabolism,
and other factors.
Choose the best device for administering pediatric oral drugs
Be familiar with all the methods used in calculating pediatric doses
- Body Surface Area (BSA) Method
- Clark's Rule
- Young's Rule
- Fried's Rule
Department of Education
Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Diocese of Bayombong Educational System (DBES)
Saint Louis School, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
___________________________________________
Name of School
Written Work/s:
Direction: Calculate for the following drug dosages.
1. How many ml of a medicine are in two bottles if one bottle has 120 ml?
2. How many ml of a medicine are in five bottles if one bottle has 300 ml?
3. How many nurses will take charge of 30 patients if 6 nurses handle 60 patients?
4. How many nurses will take charge of 25 patients if 5 nurses handle 50 patients?
Mini Task/s:
Direction: Solve for the Rectal and Pediatric Oral Dosage. Show your complete solution.
1. We have to compute for a 2-year old child's dose who weighs 48 lbs. wherein the adult dose is
250mg.
2. We have to compute for a child's dose who weighs 50 lbs. and 36" tall. What is the safe drug dose if
the average adult dose is 1000mg.
3. A doctor asked the nurse to give the patient 50 mg of suppository. The suppositories on the shelf
show 10 mg each. How many pieces of suppository should you give to the patient?
4. Calculate for a suppository dosage supposing a patient needs 1000 mg of a suppository and the
package label says 125 mg.
WEEK 4: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
The learner demonstrates understanding on hazards and risks at
Content Standard
workplace.
The learner independently identify the hazards and risks at
Performance Standard
workplace.
Most Essential Learning
Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
Competencies (MELCs)
Critical, Creativity, Collaboration and Career and Learning Self
21st Century Learning Skills
Reliance
Academically Excellent, Social Responsibility, Community Building,
Core Values
Christian Witnessing
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Roger G. Malawit (2015). Useful for Life: Caregiving: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Occupational Health for Caregivers retrieve from
http://blog.seatingmatters.com/occupational-health-of-caregivers
Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Occupational Health and Safety forms part of the Philippine Labor Code, Book Four. This
means that it is definitely a campaign of great importance which should be dealt with accordingly and
with proper guidance.
Occupational Health and Safety is the campaign and maintenance of the well-being of workers in
every occupation. It talks about providing a safe working environment to achieve an injury-free
workplace and a healthy atmosphere that protects every worker against illness. As an effect, it may also
protect co-workers, family members, clients, and other members of the community who are affected by
the workplace environment.
HAZARDS AND RISKS
Hazard is anything that may cause harm to an individual, such as chemicals, electricity, open
drawers, and inadequate ventilation. Risk is the possibility that somebody could be harmed by these and
other hazards and the indication of how serious the harm can be.
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or
someone under certain conditions at work.
Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse effects (to individuals as health effects or to
organizations as property or equipment losses).
Sometimes a hazard is referred to as being the actual harm or the health effect it caused rather
than the hazard. For example, the disease tuberculosis (TB) might be called a hazard by some but in
general the TB-causing bacteria would be considered the "hazard" or "hazardous biological agent".
Example of Hazards:
Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. General examples include any
substance, material, process, practice, etc that has the ability to cause harm or adverse health effect to a
person under certain conditions.
An object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy)
A run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy)
The release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature)
Entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy)
Contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health
effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
For example: The risk of developing cancer from smoking cigarettes could be expressed as "cigarette
smokers are 12 times (for example) more likely to die of lung cancer than nonsmokers". Another way of
reporting risk is "a certain number ,"Y", of smokers per 100,000 smokers will likely develop lung
cancer" (depending on their age and how many years they have been smoking). These risks are
expressed as a probability or likelihood of developing a disease or getting injured, whereas hazards refer
to the possible consequences (e.g., lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease from cigarette smoking).
Factors that influence the degree of risk include:
How much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition?
How the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact)?
How severe are the effects under the conditions of exposure?
Types of Hazards
Physical hazards are the most normal occurrences in workplaces. They are usually easy to detect,
however, very often are neglected because people are too accustomed to them. Another reason may be
due to lack of knowledge or people do not see situations as hazards.
Examples of physical hazards that a caregiver may be exposed to:
Electrical hazards: Even in day care institutions or nursing homes
where care should be of utmost concern, improper wiring and
frayed cords may still go unnoticed. Misuse of electrical
equipment also happens in any type of work environment.
Endless loud noise: If one is going to work in a nursing home,
frequent noise from patients who are suffering from depression is
definitely a hazard.
Spills on floors or tripping hazards: There are times when even
the caregivers themselves do not mind spills on floors. This,
definitely, poses hazard to everyone.
Some of the Effects of Physical Hazards
Fire
Decreased efficiency
Annoyance
Falls
Occupational Health and Safety refers to structured procedures in sustaining the people’s
welfare in any kind of job at work place. It has a broad scope which deals with the following:
Maintaining healthy employees and zero illness at work.
Providing a safe, accident-free, and fatal-free working area.
Encouraging and upholding a maximum level of not only physical, but also
mental and social well-being of the employees.
Safeguarding the people from any possible hazards and risks.
It is essential for any given work entity to ensure a healthy and safe environment for all
of its employees. Same goes with the nursing home and day care institutions, which are of great
importance to anyone.
Hazard is anything that may cause harm to an individual, such as chemicals, electricity,
open drawers, and inadequate ventilation. Risk is the possibility that somebody could be harmed
by these and other hazards and the indication of how serious the harm can be.
A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something
or someone under certain conditions at work.
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse
health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment
loss.
Department of Education
Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Diocese of Bayombong Educational System (DBES)
Saint Louis School, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
___________________________________________
Name of School
Written Work/s:
Walk around your house and list down five (5) possible hazards and risks that you may find.
Explain why these things that you have identified or listed pose danger to the members of your family.
Follow the format given.
Possible Hazard and Risks Reason/s why it may cause danger to me and my
family
Performance Task/s:
Direction: Make a poster on the possible cause and effect of hazard and risks at home or
workplace. Use a short or long bond paper. Be guided with the Scoring rubrics below.
Rubric:
Criteria 5 4 3
Content The poster is very The drawing is clearly The drawing is not
clearly and accurately presented the possible clearly presented the
presented the possible effect of hazard and possible effect of
effect of hazard and risks at home or hazard and risks at
risks at home or workplace. home or workplace.
workplace.
Craftsmanship Poster is neat and Poster is neat shows Poster is messy and
shows no evidence of very little evidence of shows smudge marks,
smudge marks, rips, smudge marks, rips, tears or folds. Erasure
tears or folds. No tears, or folds. A few lines showing.
erasures of lines erasure lines showing.
showing.
Relevance The poster shows The poster shows The poster shows no
clear connection to some connections to connection to real life
real life situation. real life situation. situation.
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Roger G. Malawit (2015). Useful for Life: Caregiving: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Control hazards retrieve from https://www.uvm.edu/riskmanagement/evaluate-and-control-
hazards
Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
Once you recognize a hazard in the workplace, then you can proceed with risk assessment, that is
focusing on the risks that really matter in the workplace. Evaluating hazards and risks is the process of
determining the level of risk created by the hazard and the likelihood of injury or illness occurring. Most
of the time, simple measures can be done, with no trouble, to control risks. An example of this is
making sure that cabinet drawers are kept closed so that people do not trip.
Needless to say, the concern for control increases as the recognized level of risk increases. A
person identifying the risk of harm or injury from a hazard in a nursing home or day care should
consider these questions:
How likely it is that a hazard will cause harm
How serious that harm is likely to be
How often (and how many) workers are exposed.
It is a must that you have a record of every risk assessment done. If a certain accident or damage
happens again, it might be that you will trace back the original records to check if the assessment
overlooked a potential hazard. Assessing or evaluating the hazards and risks is crucial in making a
decision on the mode of control to be used.
CONTROL HAZARDS AND RISKS
It is possible that workplace hazards can be controlled by a variety of methods. Of course, the
very reason why hazards should be controlled is to prevent workers from being exposed to occupational
hazards. Hazard control comes in different processes. But one method may be more effective than the
others.
When we speak of controlling hazards and risks, it means settling on the measure that will solve
the trouble most successfully. There are five major categories of control measures: elimination,
substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
1. Eliminating a hazard means removing it completely.
2. Substitution is replacing or substituting a hazardous agent or work process with a less dangerous one.
3. An engineering control may mean changing a piece of machinery (for example, using proper
machine guards) or a work process to reduce exposure to a hazard.
4. An administrative control may mean working a limited number of hours in a hazardous area is an
example of an administrative control (for example, job rotation)
5. Personal Protective Equipment includes ear and eye protection, respirators and protective clothing.
Obviously, the best method of controlling hazards and risks is through elimination. That is to
take away or to get rid of the hazard. However, more often than not, this is not possible. So, employers
make use of any of the remaining control measures. The general rule is that the use of personal
protective equipment (PPE) should be the last alternative in controlling hazards and risks in a workplace.
Although it is said that the best method of control measure is through elimination of hazards, a very
good technique for a safe and healthy environment is through the utilization of a combination of
methods.
PRACTICAL WAYS TO PREVENT HAZARDS AND RISKS
A Closer Look at Electricity
As common sense dictates, you have to ensure that all electrical equipment you use is in good
condition.
Check electrical cords and make sure they are not frayed.
Your hands should be dry before attempting to use any electrical equipment.
Do not attempt to change fuses unless you know what you are doing.
Do not turn on all appliances at the same time just because you want to save time.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment
Caregivers should religiously abide by the following to prevent biological hazards from happening:
Wear gown that is long enough to cover your clothing. Because the outside of
the gown is considered contaminated, this should not be touched when it is
removed. A gown that is wet is, of course, considered contaminated also. A
caregiver should wear a clean gown every client care. In case the gown is not
available, apron should be worn to mask clothing during client contact.
It is a must that you have a record of every risk assessment done. If a certain accident or
damage happens again, it might be that you will trace back the original records to check if the
assessment overlooked a potential hazard. Assessing or evaluating the hazards and risks is crucial in
making a decision on the mode of control to be used.
It is possible that workplace hazards can be controlled by a variety of methods. Of course, the
very reason why hazards should be controlled is to prevent workers from being exposed to
occupational hazards. Hazard control comes in different processes. But one method may be more
effective than the others.
When we speak of controlling hazards and risks, it means settling on the measure that will
solve the trouble most successfully. There are five major categories of control measures: elimination,
substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
Obviously, the best method of controlling hazards and risks is through elimination. That is to
take away or to get rid of the hazard. However, more often than not, this is not possible. So,
employers make use of any of the remaining control measures. The general rule is that the use of
personal protective equipment (PPE) should be the last alternative in controlling hazards and risks in a
workplace. Although it is said that the best method of control measure is through elimination of
hazards, a very good technique for a safe and healthy environment is through the utilization of a
combination of methods.
As you touch people, tables, chairs, books, sinks, handrails, and other objects and surfaces,
there is a possibility that you contaminate your hands. The germs that have accumulated when
touching things may be the means for you to get sick and spread illness to others. The importance of
hand washing comes in. It is by far the best and simplest way to prevent germs from spreading and to
keep the people around you from getting sick. Though it is said that hand washing is the first line of
defense against the spread of illnesses, you should be aware of the proper way of doing it. Otherwise,
you may just be wasting your time doing it because you do not really wipe out what should be
eliminated.
Department of Education
Division of Nueva Vizcaya
Diocese of Bayombong Educational System (DBES)
Saint Louis School, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
___________________________________________
Name of School
Written Work/s:
Direction: Explain briefly the following type of control measures and give an example.
1. Elimination
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Engineering Controls
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Personal Protective and Equipment
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Administrative Control
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Substitution
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Criteria 2 1
Content The facts/information about the The facts/information about the
control measures are very clearly control measures are clearly
and accurately presented. presented.
Organization The ideas are well organized, The ideas are organized, however
logically presented and easily there are inconsistencies in the
understood. information given.
Performance Task/s:
Direction: Make your own signage showing the prevention of hazard and risks at home.
Criteria 3 2 1 Score
Content The signage is very The signage is The signage is not
clearly and clearly presented the clearly presented the
accurately presented prevention of hazard prevention of hazard
the prevention of and risk at home. and risk at home.
hazard and risk at
home.
Relevance The signage shows The signage shows The signage shows
clear connection to some connections to no connection to real
real life situation. real life situation. life situation.
TOTAL
Comment/s:
Rubric:
REFERENCES: (Please be guided with the given references to help you perform the given activities.
Click the given links and hyperlinks to access the suggested learning resources.)
A. Printed:
Roger G. Malawit (2015). Useful for Life: Caregiving: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press
Incorporation
B. Online links:
Cleaning caregiving tools retrieve fromhttps://www.coursehero.com/file/55991809/Caring-
for-Tools-Equipment-and-Paraphernaliapdf/
INTRODUCTION:
In dealing with tools, equipment, and paraphernalia, attention to details is the best means to
prevent future problems from happening. It is a must, therefore, that tools, equipment and paraphernalia
are properly cleaned and stored after usage. In addition, a maintenance schedule should be in place to
make sure that they will operate efficiently. As a future caregiver, it will be to your advantage if you
check them daily to help avoid jams, leakages, or breakdowns. It is, of course, necessary that you follow
the usage and maintenance instructions from the manufacturer. It would be wise also to keep the same
for future reference. Now, it is time for you to get going and walk your way through the following steps
that you must carry out to ensure that your tools, equipment and paraphernalia will work properly.
Cleaning, caring for, and storing tools, equipment, and paraphernalia are tasks that all caregivers
shall undertake. It is not easy to do these, but with concern for the people and environment where one
works for, doing them seem to be motivating.
As a future caregiver, you should be aware that this job entails dependability on your part. It is
your duty to ensure that all tools, equipment, and paraphernalia are cleaned and stored properly. In
addition, it is your task to observe a maintenance schedule for these. This involves doing the
preservation yourself by using the equipment as it should be. Of course, part of this important job is to
call and arrange for a repair service not only when needed, but when the timetable is set.
Maintaining tools, equipment, and paraphernalia becomes worthy of note because of the
satisfaction a caregiver feels when he/she realizes the valuable benefits of the responsibility.
1. Identify the standard operating procedures in cleaning caregiver tools, equipment and
paraphernalia.
2. Identify the procedures in storing tools, equipment and paraphernalia by following the safety
procedures.
3. Evaluate the importance of proper cleaning and storing tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, Clean and store caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia.
Below are the key guide questions that you should remember as you perform all the activities in this
lesson. You should be able to answer them at the end of the week.
1. Why is it important to clean and store caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia properly?
2. Why is cleaning tools and equipment important before storing it?
SHORT EXERCISES/DRILLS:
CONTENT DISCUSSION:
Cleaning an Airpot
1. In cleaning any electrical device, it is basic to always turn it off and
unplug. If you don't have an electric airpot with a power button,
continue with the rest of the process.
2. Take the container to a sink and open the lid. If there is any
remaining liquid inside, pour out and set aside the pot to let it cool.
3. Rinse the inner lining with hot water. Clean the inside with a sponge-
head bottle cleaner to remove any loose deposits and then rinse again.
4. Put hot water and two to three drops of mild dish detergent to the
dispenser. Wait for about 8-10 minutes and then clean the inside with a
sponge-head cleaner. Wash the dispenser with water making sure to remove all detergent residues.
5. Put hot water and 2 tbsp.of vinegar inside the airpot to descale at least once a month. Let the solution
stay in the airpot for 1 hour. If mineral deposits are seen, descaling may be done right away.
6. You may now close the lid and dispense some of the solution out of the spout to clean it also. This
will clear any buildup in it. Open the lid. Clean the interior again with a sponge-head cleaner. Pour the
water out and wash the interior again with water.
7. Put clean hot water into the airpot, close the lid and dispense the water out the spout. This will rinse
the spout of the traces of vinegar. Open the lid and pour out remaining water.
8. You now have to wipe the lid and exterior of the dispenser with a slightly damp, lint-free cloth and
then wipe it dry with a cloth. If you notice stains in the exterior, add one or two drops of mild detergent
to the cloth and wipe the exterior. Rinse with another cloth and then wipe dry. 9. It is important that you
wipe the countertop where the airpot is placed.
Cleaning a blender
1. Clean the funnel and blender lid with liquid soap and water.
Rinse well with water and use a clean towel to dry them.
2. Put about ¾ hot water into the blender jar and squirt a small
amount of dish soap about ½ teaspoon. You might want to add a
tablespoon of baking soda to the water also to remove odor and
stains. This will also aid in loosening tough food particles.
3. Turn on the blender and let it run at high speed for about 20
seconds. Doing this works well to get the blender clean.
4. If there are really sticky and dried messes in your blender,
repeat the second and third steps a few times until the mess is dissolved.
5. You need to rinse well the jar with hot water and towel dry carefully, or you may turn it upside down
on a clean, dry towel or dish strainer to air dry.
6. If your blade assembly is removable, remove it and rinse it with hot water. Wipe it dry with a clean
towel. Make sure that it is completely dry. Of course, you have to be very careful when doing this so
that you will not cut yourself while drying the blades.
7. Remove the dirt of a steel base blender with glass cleaner or a mixture of half vinegar and half water
placed in a spray bottle. All you have to do is spray it on and wipe with a soft cloth.
8. If your blender base is plastic, you can use a damp soapy rag, or an all-purpose kitchen spray cleaner,
or a mixture of baking soda and water.
9. It is acceptable to use a damp rag to wipe the electric cord also. But you have to be sure to unplug the
base first. In addition, be sure not to get the electric plug wet. 10. It is important that you wipe the
countertop where the blender is placed.
11. Protect the blender with a fabric cover.
Cleaning a coffee maker
1. Make a mixture of one part white vinegar and two parts
water. The amount of mixture depends on the size of the
coffee pot.
2. Put the mixture into the reservoir of coffee maker.
3. Turn on the coffee maker and let the vinegar-water
mixture cycle through.
4. This time, turn off the coffee maker and let the pot cool
for 15 to 20 minutes.
5. Pour the solution into the sink and rinse the pot.
6. Perform two cycles with the coffee maker with cold
water. Doing this will wash away the vinegar-water solution out of the coffee maker.
7. It is important that you wipe the countertop where the coffee maker is placed.
8. Protect the coffee maker with a fabric cover.