UNIT 4 – THE MASS MEDIA

I. Read Mai’s to-do list and put the verbs in brackets in the past perfect or past simple
Last Sunday Sunday, November 6
8:00 am: do the washing 2:00 pm: do homework
8:30 am: feed the cat 4:00 pm: watch the new 3D film
9:00 am: go to school to rehearse for a play 6:00 pm: see the dentist
11:00 am: go home to help Mom prepare lunch 7:00 pm: have dinner
1. When Mai (feed) _____________ the cat, she (do) _____________ the washing.
2. After she (go) ______ to school to rehearse for a play, she (go) _________ home to help Mom prepare lunch.
3. She (do) _____________ her homework before she (watch) _____________ the new 3D film.
4. When she (see) _____________ the dentist, she (watch) _____________ the new 3D film.
5. She (have) _____________ dinner after she (already/ see) _____________ the dentist.
II. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tenses.
1. As soon as the film (start) __________, Lan realised she (see) __________ it before.
2. I (be) __________ surprised to find that Mr. Cole (leave) __________ the day before.
3. This morning Helen (feel) __________ much better after she (have) __________ a good sleep.
4. The rain (stop) __________ by the time we (get) __________ to the beach.
5. Melissa (be) __________ angry because her brother (eat) __________ all the chocolates.
6. When Julia (borrow) _________ the book from the school library, she (not realise) __________ that a couple of pages
(be torn out) __________.
7. Only when he (come)___________into light I (realize)___________him
8. I’d rather you (not talk)___________back to the teacher yesterday
9. I wish I (not tell)___________him my secret. Now everybody has known about it
10. (Study)__________________hard for two hours, mu daughter felt very tired
11. Hardly I (reach)_________home when I (get )_______a phone call from the boss who told me to come back the office
12. One day when I (walk)__________in the park, I suddenly (hear)_________someone (call)________my name. I
(stop)________to see who he was. It was Nam, one of my former class whom I (learn)_________in the same class a nd
(not meet)_______________dor such a long time.
III. Rewrite the following sentences, suing past perfect
1. he did not take his mother’s advice and feel regretful now
He wishes ____________________________________________________________
2. He typed the report carefully. Then he sent it to the boss
After __________________________________________________________________
Having ________________________________________________________________
3. As soon as I sat down on the sofe, I heard someone knock at the door
______________________________________________________________________
4. Right after he reached New york city, he made a phone call home
No sooner ______________________________________________________________________
5. He did not know the truth about his family until he was 30
Only after ___________________________________________________________________
VOCABULARY
1. More and more young people become (obsess) ____________with online games
2. You should install some (apply)___________on your mobile phones to learn English
3. Some students are so (addict)_________that they do not have time for shool work
4. (advance)_____________technology has really affected all the aspects of our life.
5. Using too much mobile phone is very (detriment)______________to your eyes
6. Spending too much time gluing to the screen of the mobile phone you make you (sight)___________
7. Everyone in his house can now read the news on their (digit)________ devices
8. The city's transport system is one of the most (effect)____________in Europe.
9. The aim of the course is to develop (manage)_____________skill for managers of the company
10. When we were kids Zoe and I were (separate)___________. We always played together in all games
Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box.

subscribe addicted dominant web

media interact networking cyberbullying

1. Social __________________ networks are a major resource for both small and big businesses that are looking to
promote their brands on the Internet.
2. “Delicious” is a social bookmarking _______ service for discovering, storing and sharing web bookmarks.
3. When you enter into any social networking site, you will be ____________ to those communities.
4. High usage of the Internet increases the risk of the being victims of __________________ or other cyber crimes.
5. You can go in this website to ____________ for free and download the episodes straight to your phone, tablet, or
computer.
6. Teachers can use social ______________ to help their students connect and collaborate on a deeper level.
7. For many teens, texting is the _____________ way that they communicate on a day-to-day basis with their friends.
8. Video games, social media and mobile phones play an integral role in how teens meet and __________ with friends.
II. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word or phrase from the box.
keep in touch with posted smartphone view
cyber-bullying online information social networks
I have stopped going on (1) _________ now because I was suffering from (2) ________________. Somebody was
posting aggressive comments on my homepage. I’ve never (3) _________ a nasty comment on anybody’s homepage, and I
don’t have any enemies so I think it was a stranger. I don't like the idea that a stranger can (4) ________________ my
photos and my personal (5) ________________. Now I prefer to (6) ________ my friends by phone. If I want my friends to
see photos or videos, I don't need to post them (7) __________ I can send them on my (8) ________.
TEST 1 (UNIT 4)
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. media B. network C. website D. connect
2. A. attitude B. advent C. advantage D. mass
3. A. subscribe B. connect C. documentary D. efficient
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. attitude B. entertain C. dominant D. Internet
5. A. networking B. efficient C. digital D. privacy
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. Many teenagers makes friends with people from the ____________world instead of the reali world
A. media B. social C. application D. cyber
7. The app - Snapchat - was officially _______ in September 2011. It nows has over 10 millions users worldwide.
A. released B. produced C. sent out D. spread
8. Viber is not only a Voice over IP and instant messaging app for mobile devices but it also allows for the _______ of
audio, video and images between users.
A. exchange B. transmission C. production D. transference
9. People using Iphone and Samsung mobile can download many social media apps _______ in the Google Play Store.
A. online B. available C. interactive D. dominant
10. Twitter is a microblogging _______ that allows users to post brief, 140-character messages to their twitter account.
A. device B. appliance C. instrument D. tool
11. My Grandfather no longer _________the print newspapers because he can now read online versions.
A. log out B. sign up C. subribed to D. access
12. Focusing upon human curiosity is an ingenious idea that would ____ to the creation and launch of Quora in June, 2009.
A. direct B. go C. lead D. aim
13. The app - WhatsApp - relies _______ the Internet to send images, texts, documents, audio and video messages to other
users that have the app installed on their devices.
A. on B. at C. in D. with
14. Don’t ______________it for granted that your parents will always be with you to help you
A. make B. take C. do D. have
15. With the ___________of the Internet, people can get huge source of information in all aspects
A. access B. advent C. advert D. transform
16. ________________pilot study for two hours, my daughter wanted to go out for a walk
A. Studying B. Studied C. having studied D. Had studied
17*. He knew the city like the _____of his hand, so you should ask her
A. back B. face C. side D. fingers
18*. He was fired for ____________the books. He changed all the datas in an attempt to steal the money
A. cooking B. reading C. changing D. burning
19*. Do you know she bought the curtain exactly the same materials with mine. She is a dreadly ________
A. parrot B. copy cat C. dog -in -the -manger D. ape
20*. When the police examined the door, they found that the lock had been _______
A. tampered B. changed C. broken D. hindered
Mark the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
20: He sounded panic-stricken on the phone.
A. terrified B. hilarious C. happy D. disappointed
21: ANU has maintained its position as Australia's top university.
A. conserve B. remain C. complain D. conquer
Mark the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
22: We are very grateful to Professor Humble for his generosity in donating this wonderful painting to the museum.
A. meanness B. sympathy C. gratitude D. churlishness
23: The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for
academic freedom in the modern sense.
A. terminate B. prevent C. initiate D. lighten
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.
24: - “Shall we go boating tomorrow?” - “______. The weather report says a storm is coming”.
A. I’m afraid we can’t B. Sure C. That’s a good idea D. That’s a deal
25: - Sarah: “Children under ten shouldn't stay up late to play computer games.” Kathy: “ .”
A. I don't quite agree with you B. Yes, I share your opinion. C. You are absolute right. D. Surely, they shouldn't
Choose the underlined part which need correction to make the following sentences correc
26. When (A)we lived(B) in Hue, my brother and I use(C) to go fishing at t(D)he weekend
27. Children learn about (A)the world mainly (B)by immitating (C)the world around him(D)
28. The (A)president, accompanied (B)by the three policemen, are(C) going to the main hall to make (D)a speech
Read the following passage and mark the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
No one runs the internet. It’s organized as a decentralized network of networks. Thousands of companies,
universities, governments, and other (29) ______ operate their own networks and exchange traffic with (30) ______ other
based on voluntary interconnection agreements.
The shared technical standards (31) ______ make the internet work are managed by an organization called the Internet
Engineering Task Force. The IETF is an open organization; anyone is free to attend meetings, propose new standards, and
recommend changes to existing standards. No one is required to adopt standards endorsed by the IETF, but the IETF’s
consensus-based decision-making process helps to (32) ______ that its recommendations are generally adopted by the
internet community.
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is sometimes described as being (31) ______
for internet governance. As its name implies, ICANN is in charge of distributing domain names (like vox.com) and IP
addresses. But ICANN doesn’t control who can connect to the internet or what kind of information can be sent over it.
Question 26: A. entities B. terms C. amounts D. states
Question 27: A. another B. every C. each D. all
Question 28: A. that B. who C. when D. what
Question 29: A. function B. stress C. exchange D. ensure
Question 30: A. curious B. responsible C. cheerful D. interested
Read the following passage and mark the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
Millions of people are using cellphones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many
countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of
communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors
are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there
has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas.
They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones.
Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modem scanning equipment. In one case, a
traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He
would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day
of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't
agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very
small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say
the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it‟s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your
regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can
be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says
they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
Question 20: The most suitable title for the passage could be___________.
A. “The Reasons Why Mobile Phones Are Popular” B. “Mobile Phones: A Must of Our Time”
C. “The Way Mobile Phones Work” D. “Technological Innovations and Their Price”
Question 21: According to the passage, cellphones are especially popular with young people because___
A. they make them look more stylish B. they are indispensable in every day communications
C. they keep the users alert all the time D. they cannot be replaced by regular phones
Question 22: The changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with_______
A. the mobility of the mind and the body B. the resident memory
C. the arteries of the brain D. the smallest units of the brain
Question 23: According to the passage, what makes mobile phones potentially harmful is______
A. their radiant light B. their power of attraction
C. theirraiding power D. their invisible rays
Question 24: According to the writer, people should
A. never use mobile phones in all cases B. only use mobile phones in medical emergencies
C. keep off mobile phones regularly D. only use mobile phones in urgent cases
Question 25: The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cellphone too often,_________
A. suffered serious loss ofmental ability B. had a problem with memory
C. abandonedhis family D. could no longer think lucidly
Rewrite the following sentences
1. He was very tired. He tried to give us a hand with house chores (however)
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. The weather was chilly, but they went swimming
However ____________________________________________________________________
3. It is important for Dane to finish all the task by next Monday
It is important that ____________________________________________________________
4. My brother graduated from the university. Then he came back to work in my uncle’s company
Having ______________________________________________________________________
5. I wish I had learnt to play the pinao
I regret ______________________________________________________________________
6. What the local people demanded is that a new bridge must be built over the river
The local people demanded ______________________________________________________
Rewrite the sentences so that their sentences stay the same, using the word in bold
7. When she saw the room in clutter, she mother got angry (BANANA
The mother ______________________________________________________
8. You should try to finish off the task today (ATTEMPT)
___________________________________________________________________
9. I have not decided whether to go on holiday or stay at home with his dogs (WAVER)
_____________________________________________________________________
10. He always feels nervous when he make a presentation in front of the class (BUTTERFLIES)
__________________________________________________________________________
11. He was over the moon when his wife gave birth to a son (TAILS)
He was like ________________________________________________________________
12. He always thinks that his parents will do everythings for him (GRANTED
He always ________________________________________________________________
 The Internet started out as a limited network called the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network). It was
a network of computers that allowed communication even if computer became non-functioning. It was the academic and
scientific community that adopted Internet, using a protocol called TCP/IP. TCP/IP allows a number of different network
computers to be connected
together. This is called the Internet. The Internet allows the creation the World Wide Web or the
Web for short. The Web consists of Internet sites that allow data to be shared by others. Aside from
making the Web possible, the Internet also makes e-mail, chat rom and file-sharing and telephoning
possible. It even allows people to watch media and play games.
The Web can be read in a browser. A browser is simply a software program that uses HTTP
(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) data transmission. This will allow you to view Web pages. HTTP
let you browser read the text, graphics, animation, video and music that are on the Web page. It also
enables you to click on a link on the page using the mouse. The links on a Web page that guide you
to go from one Web page to another are called hyperlinks. A Web page usually contains many
hyperlinks so that you can “browse” the Internet. It is much like reading a book. You can go from
page to page and get new information. One example of a browser is Internet Explorer. In the
address box of your browser, you can type in an address called a URL for “uniform resource
locator”.
To be able to use the Internet, you must have a computer with an Internet connection and
software that lets you view that Web pages. Internet connection is called a dial-up connection. It
 needs the use of your telephone to connect your computer to an Internet service. A faster type of
connection is called broadband. This requires a cable or some other equipment. If you turn on the
computer with a broadband connection, it connects you the Internet at a time.
Adapted from http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET
Question 22: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The Internet Explorer can be used to browse the Web
B. The most popular Internet programs are e-mail, chatting and games.
C. Equipment is needed to allow a computer to connect to the Internet.
D. The Internet is an invention that makes sending and receiving data possible
Question 23: The word “adopted” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to _______.
A. changed B. approved C. fostered D. chose
Question 24: According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Web?
A. It consists of sites on which information can be enjoyed by others.
Trang 5 http://luyenthithpt.mobi – App luyện thi miễn phí trên điện thoại di động
B. It allows data to be shared but not for media or games.
C. It makes the receiving and sending of e-mail possible.
D. It is limited to a certain number of computers connected to the Internet.
Question 25: The word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to _______.
A. data B. the Internet C. media D. Web
Question 26: All of the following are true of the Web page EXCEPT _______.
A. each Web page has its own Internet site
B. the Web cannot be read without software
C. every Web page has a uniform resource locater
D. Web pages contain hyperlinks that bring you to other pages
Question 27: Why does the author mention a book in paragraph 2?
A. to note a reason why the World Wide Web was created
B. to compare browsing to turning the pages of a book
C. to suggest that reading a book is better than browsing the Web
D. to provide an example of information that can be viewed on the Web
Question 28: What can be inferred about broadband connections in paragraph 3?
A. They do not require an Internet service provider.
B. They are the faster type of connection available.
C. They are more convenient than dial-up connections.
D. They require more equipment than dial-up connections.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1. A. easy B. sea C. learn D. eat

Question 2. A. park B. yard C. card D. carry
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. community B. particular C. mathematics D. authority
Question 4. A. explanation B. experiment C. accomplishment D. discovery

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
Question 5. If you want to borrow my car, promise to drive careful.
A B C D
Question 6. It is important that cancer is diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order
to
A B
assure a successful cure.
C D
Question 7. Paris has been well-known about its famous monuments, beautiful music, and
A B C
wonderful restaurants for over 100 years.
D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 8. I don’t agree with ____________ very young and pretty criminals
A. committing B. enforcing C. imprisoning D. offending
Question 9. What beautiful eyes____________!
A. does she have B. she has C. has she D. she doesn't have
Question 10. ____________long, I'm sure you will be speaking English ____________ a native speaker.
A. After/ like B. Before/ like C. After/ for D. Before/ for
Question 11. He's left his book at home; he's always so____________.
A. forgetful B. forgettable C. forgotten D. forgetting
Question 12. We are going to build a fence around the field with____________to breeding sheep and cattle
A. a goal B. an outlook C. a reason D. a view
Question 13. The meeting didn’t____________ until late.
A. end up B. break up C. come about D. fall through
Question 14. Fiona is very angry ____________ her boss’s decision to sack several members of staff.
A. against B. by C. for D. about
Question 15. Media reports on the outcome of military intervention often _______the true facts.
A. divert B. detract C. depose D. distort
Question 16. He hurried____________ he wouldn't be late for class.
A. since B. as if C. unless D. so that
Question 17. When his parents are away, his oldest brother ____________.
A. knocks it off B. calls the shots C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
Question 18. If he had been more careful, he _______________.
A. won’t fall B. wouldn’t fall
C. wouldn’t have fallen D. would haven’t fallen
Question 19. We should participate in the movements______________ the natural environment.
A. organizing to conserve B. organized conserving
C. which organize to conserve D. organized to conserve
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the
following exchanges.

Question 20. Jenny: “Thank you very much for your donation, Mr. Robinson.”
- Mr. Robinson: “________________________”
A. You can say that again. B. I see.
C. You are right. D. Delighted I was able to help.
Question 21. John: “Well it was nice talking to you, but I have to dash.”
- Jane: “____________”
A. Well, another time. B. Yes, I enjoyed talking to you, too.
C. OK, see you. D. That's nice.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 22. I am glad I was able to be there for my friend when her mom died..
A. to offer support in time of need for B. to cry with
C. to travel with D. to visit
Question 23. The sign indicates the correct direction to the store.
A. looks B. shows C. says D. needs
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 24. It is relatively easy to identify the symptoms of the peculiar disease.
A. evidently B. absolutely C. comparatively D. obviously
Question 25. When you consider all the advantages you've gained I think you'll admit you had a good run for your money.
A. a lot of loss from your money B. a lot of benefits from your money
C. a lot of advantages from your money D. a lot of failures in making your money
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.

Question 26. I whispered as I didn’t want anybody to hear our conversation.

A. So as not to hear our conversation I whispered.
B. Since nobody wanted to hear our conversation I whispered.
C. Because I whispered, nobody heard our conversation.
D. I lowered my voice in order that our conversation couldn’t be heard.
Question 27. Though he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.
A. However he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.
B. However hard he tried, he didn’t succeed.
C. However he didn’t succeed hard, he tried hard.
D. However he tried hard, but he didn’t succeed.
Question 28. “If you keep eating so much fat, you’ll gain weight.” said his mother.
A. His mother suggested him gaining weight if he kept eating so much fat.
B. His mother warned him that he would gain weight if he kept eating so much fat.
C. His mother threatened him to gain weight if he kept eating so much fat
D. His mother complained about his gaining weight if he kept eating so much fat.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
in the following questions.

Question 29. He was suspected to have stolen credit cards. The police have investigated him for days.

A. He has been investigated for days, suspected to have stolen credit cards.
B. Suspecting to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days.
C. Having suspected to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days.
D. Suspected to have stolen credit cards, he has been investigated for days.
Question 30. Crazianna is a big country. Unfortunately, it has never received respect from its neighbours.
A. Though Crazianna is a big country, it has never received respect from its neighbours.
B. Crazianna has never received respect from its neighbours because it is a big country.
C. It is Crazianna, a big country, that has never received respect from its neighbours.
D. Crazianna is such a big country that it has never received respect from its neighbours.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

How men first learnt to (31) __________words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really
know is that men, unlike animals, (32) __________invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and
things so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (33) __________certain signs, called
letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. These sounds, whetherspoken
or written in letters, are called words.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words that (34) __________
powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the
real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and
association can (35) __________ men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully, or they will make
our speech silly and vulgar.
Question 31. A. invent B. create C. make D. discover
Question 32. A. whatever B. however C. somewhat D. somehow
Question 33. A. at B. upon C. for D. in
Question 34. A. interest B. appeal C. attract D. lure
Question 35. A. take B. send C. break D. move
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions from 36 to 42.

THE DIGITAL DIVIDE

Information technology is influencing the way many of us live and work today. We use the Internet to look and apply for
jobs, shop, conduct research, make airline reservations, and explore areas of interest. We use e-mail and the Internet to
communicate instantaneously with friends and business associates around the world. Computers are commonplace in homes
and the workplace.
Although the number of Internet users is growing exponentially each year, most of the world’s population does not have
access to computers or the Internet. Only 6 percent of the population in developing countries are connected to telephones.
Although more than 94 percent of U.S. households have a telephone, only 42 percent have personal computers at home and
26 percent have Internet access. The lack of what most of us would consider a basic communications necessity –the
telephone –does not occur just in developing nations. On some Native American reservations only 60 percent of the residents
have a telephone. The move to wireless connections may eliminate the need for telephone lines, but it does not remove the
barrier to equipment costs.
Who has Internet access? Fifty percent of the children in urban households with an income over $75,000 have Internet
access, compared with 2 percent of the children in low-income, rural households. Nearly half of college-educated people
have Internet access, compared to 6 percent of those with only some high school education. Forty percent of households with
two parents have access; 15 percent of female, single-parent households do. Thirty percent of white households, 11 percent
of black households, and 13 percent of Hispanic households have access. Teens and children are the two fastest-growing
segments of Internet users. The digital divide between the populations who have access to the Internet and information
technology tools is based on income, race, education, household type, and geographic location. Only 16 percent of the rural
poor, rural and central city minorities, young householders, and single parent female households are connected..
Another problem that exacerbates these disparities is that African-Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans hold few of
the jobs in information technology. Women hold about 20 percent of these jobs and are receiving fewer than 30 percent of
the computer science degrees. The result is that women and members of the most oppressed ethnic groups are not eligible for
the jobs with the highest salaries at graduation. Baccalaureate candidates with degrees in computer science were offered the
highest salaries of all new college graduates in 1998 at $44,949.
Do similar disparities exist in schools? More than 90 percent of all schools in the country are wired with at least one Internet
connection. The number of classrooms with Internet connections differs by the income level of students. Using the
percentage of students who are eligible for free lunches at a school to determine income level, we see that nearly twice as
many of the schools with more affluent students have wired classrooms as those with high concentrations of low-income
students.
Access to computers and the Internet will be important in reducing disparities between groups. It will require greater equality
across diverse groups whose members develop knowledge and skills in computer and information technologies. If computers
and the Internet are to be used to promote equality, they will have to become accessible to populations that cannot currently
afford the equipment which needs to be updated every three years or so. However, access alone is not enough. Students will
have to be interacting with the technology in authentic settings. As technology becomes a tool for learning in almost all
courses taken by students, it will be seen as a means to an end rather than an end in itself. If it is used in culturally relevant
ways, all students can benefit from its power.

Question 36. Why does the author mention the telephone in paragraph 2?
A. To contrast the absence of telephone usage with that of Internet usage
B. To describe the development of communications from telephone to Internet
C. To demonstrate that even technology like the telephone is not available to all
D. To argue that basic telephone service is a first step to using the Internet
Question 37. Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the statement “Although the number .............
or the Internet.” in the paragraph 2?
A. The number of computers that can make the Internet available to most of the people in the world is not increasing fast
enough.
B. The Internet is available to most of the people in the world, even though they don't have their own computer terminals.
C. Most of the people in the world use the Internet now because the number of computers has been increasing every year.
D. The number of people who use computers and the Internet is increasing every year, but most people in the world still do
not have connections.
Question 38. Based on information in paragraph 3, which of the following best explains the term "digital divide?"
A. The disparity in the opportunity to use the Internet
B. Differences in socioeconomic levels among Internet users
C. The number of Internet users in developing nations
D. Segments of the population with Internet access
Question 39. Why does the author give details about the percentages of Internet users in paragraph 3?
A. To argue for more Internet connections at all levels of society
B. To suggest that improvements in Internet access are beginning to take place
C. To prove that there are differences in opportunities among social groups
D. To explain why many people have Internet connections now
Question 40. According to paragraph 4, why are fewer women and minorities employed in the field of computer
technology?
A. They do not have an interest in technology.
B. They prefer training for jobs with higher salaries.
C. They are not admitted to the degree programs.
D. They do not possess the educational qualifications.
Question 41. The word “concentrations” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. confidence B. protections C. numbers D. support
Question 42. What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about Internet access?
A. The cost of replacing equipment is a problem.
B. Technology will be more helpful in three years.
C. Better computers need to be designed.
D. Schools should provide newer computers for students.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like
competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s
life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group and
task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterature societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of
many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself
is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members
perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power.
Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the
cooperating parties are purely opportunistic: the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means
to achieve antagonistic goals: it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is
not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes
used for this relationship.
Question 43. What is the author’s main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage?
A. To offer a brief definition of cooperation
B. To explain how cooperation differs from competition and conflict
C. To urge readers to cooperate more often
D. To show the importance of group organization and attitudes
Question 44. The word cherished in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______
A. agreed on B. prized C. defined D. set up
Question 45. Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?
A. It is an ideal that can never be achieved
B. It was confined to prehistoric times
C. It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate
D. It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills
Question 46. According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?
A. To get rewards for themselves
B. To defeat a common enemy
C. To experience the satisfaction of cooperation
D. To associate with people who have similar backgrounds
Question 47. Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in the fourth paragraph?
A. Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow
B. Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party
C. Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades
D. A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company
Question 48. Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?
A. Accommodation B. Latent conflict
C. Tertiary cooperation D. Antagonistic cooperation
Question 49. The word fragile in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. poorly planned B. involuntary C. inefficient D. easily broken
Question 50. Which of the following best describes the overall organization of the passage?
A. The author presents the points of view of three experts on the same topic
B. The author compares and contrasts two types of human relations
C. The author describes a concept by analyzing its three forms
D. The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion