The Acceptability of Pomelo (Citrus Maxima) Extract as an Eco-friendly Alternative to Commercial Rust

Remover for Kitchen Utensils

A Quantitative Research Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Practical Research 2

Names:

Wilma Mae S. Pagaddu

Geisha M. Lazo

Monique D. Catipon

Joselyn L. Castro

CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. INTRODUCTION
Pomelo extract is known to possess chelating properties, which allow it to bind with metal ions,
including iron. This ability suggests that pomelo extract could effectively remove rust from various
surfaces. Moreover, pomelo extract is generally considered safe and biodegradable, making it an
appealing option for those seeking environmentally friendly rust removal solutions.

Pomelo fruit contains natural compounds called bioflavonoids, specifically flavonoids, which are known
for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. One specific flavonoid found in pomelo extract is
called naringenin. Naringenin has been studied for its potential as a stain remover due to its ability to
break down and dissolve various types of stains. It has shown promise in removing stains caused by
substances such as coffee, wine, ink, and grease. Additionally, naringenin exhibits surfactant properties,
which can help to emulsify and lift stains from surfaces. Its natural cleaning abilities make it a potentially
effective and eco-friendly alternative to chemical-based stain removers.

Rust, an iron oxide formed through oxidation, is a common and persistent problem that affects various
surfaces, including metals, vehicles, and household appliances. Conventional rust removers often
contain harsh chemicals that can be harmful to human health and the environment. Pomelo extract, a
natural substance derived from pomelo fruit, has emerged as a potential eco-friendly alternative to
conventional rust removers. Rusty kitchen utensils can pose a serious health risk. It is important to take
steps to prevent rust in your utensils, and to replace them if they become rusty. There are a number of
safe alternatives available, so there is no reason to risk your health by using rusty utensils.

As the years went by, scientists discovered and made cleaning products like laundry detergents, soaps
and bleaches that emerged in the market which have been useful and convenient to us in removing
rust.After these products have been brought up in our economy, a lot of manufacturers are producing
and developing the same output until now. These products are highly in demand to the consumers
which plays an important part in our cleaning activities. Due to the constant inflating rate that our
country is experiencing, the price of these products is also increasing. This causes the researchers to find
an alternative solution which is more convenient in removing rust.

There are number of researches that found out to be effective in removing rust instead of using rust
remover product by making use of organic plants within the community. Fruits contain with citric acid
are known to have an active bleaching agent in removing rust, such as lemon, lime, orange and
tangerine, which are now practicing by some people.

With the alternative sources of rust removing agent from citric acid fruits found within the community,
pomelo is one of the abundant fruit. The Researchers are going to use pomelo in the study in
determining the effectiveness of it on the kitchen utensils.
This study quantitatively evaluates the effectiveness of pomelo extract as an Eco-friendly alternative to
chemical based rust remover in removing rust from different kitchen utensils.

B. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1.1

Paradigm of the concepts of the researcher from input, process and to the output of the researchers, it
provides the researcher's overview of the process, the testing and the output to the people who will use
it from the input, process and to the output of the research. The citrus and the nature of the Pomelo will
serve as the primarily source of the information of the said experiment and will serve input. As
experiment is conducted, the effectiveness of pomelo as stain remover will be tested and validated. The
experiment will produce an pomelo extract as an Eco-friendly alternative to Commercial rust remover
for kitchen utensils. The experiment will produce an alternative and Eco-friendly rust remover.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.What are the commercial rust remover preference of the participant?

2.What are the characteristics of pomelo extract as an alternative rust remover compared to
commercial rust remover in terms of;

2.1 time yo remove rust

2.2 amount of rust remover

3.What is the level of acceptability of PE as an alternative rust remover in terms of;

3.1 time to remove rust

3.2 amount of rust remover

E.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant to the following sectors: to the housekeeper, rust removal industry, researchers
and to the future researchers.

Housekeeper. The study will contribute to the housekeepers knowledge in using organic citrus
substances in their rusted kitchen utensils. This will benefit the housekeepers by decreasing the cost and
expenditures particularly on rust removal solution by providing a much cheaper alternative.

Rust removal industry. This study impacts the rust removal industry progressively by providing
innovative information about Pomelo extracts having rust removal properties. The results obtained by
the researchers will benefit this sector by incorporating the new knowledge into their rust removal
formula.

Researchers. This study will provide knowledge for researchers to have a biological study on various
plants as an effective rust remover for home use.

Future researchers. This study will help the future researchers to conduct a new study about the
effectiveness of pomelo extract as an alternative rust remover.

F. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The primary objective of the researchers is to access the effectiveness of pomelo extract as an
alternative rust remover in Iraga Solana Cagayan.

The study is limited to the housekeepers. Purposive sampling will be used in selecting respondent of the
study to access the Efficacy of pomelo extract as an alternative to commercial rust remover for kitchen
utensils.

G.DEFINITION OF TERMS
Alternative. refers to the pomelo extract being an option other than commercial rust removers.

Commercial Rust Remover. A product available in the market that is specifically designed to remove
rust. These are often chemical-based and may be harmful to the environment.

Efficacy. refers to the effectiveness of the pomelo extract in removing rust from kitchen utensils.

Eco-friendly. refers to the pomelo extract, which is a natural, biodegradable substance, as opposed to
commercial rust removers that may contain harmful chemicals.

Kitchen Utensils. Tools used in the kitchen for food preparation and cooking, which can be made from
various materials, including iron and steel, which are prone to rusting.

Pomelo Extract.used as an eco-friendly alternative to commercial rust removers.

Rust. A reddish- or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron or steel by
oxidation, especially in the presence of moisture

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Efficacy of Pomelo Extract as an Alternative Rust Remover

A study conducted by Chen et al. (2017) compared the odor of pomelo extract with a commercial rust
remover and found that the pomelo extract had a significantly milder and more pleasant odor. This
suggests that using pomelo extract as a rust remover can provide a more enjoyable user experience.

Several studies have investigated the efficacy of pomelo extract as a rust remover and its associated
odor. One study conducted by Chen et al. (2018) evaluated the rust-removal capabilities of pomelo
extract on different metal surfaces. The researchers found that pomelo extract effectively removed rust
from the surfaces while emitting a pleasant citrus-like odor. This finding suggests that pomelo extract
could be a promising natural rust remover with an agreeable scent.

A study by Wong et al. (2019) investigated the skin compatibility of pomelo extract as a rust remover
and found no adverse effects on human skin. In fact, the researchers noted that pomelo extract
exhibited soothing properties, making it an excellent choice for individuals with sensitive skin.

The antimicrobial properties of pomelo extract have also been studied. A research conducted by Wang
et al. (2018) demonstrated that pomelo extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against
various bacteria and fungi. This suggests that the use of pomelo extract as a rust remover may not only
remove rust stains but also protect the skin from potential infections caused by microorganisms.

Moreover, pomelo extract has been reported to be safe for use on the skin. A study by Chen et al. (2019)
evaluated the skin safety of pomelo extract and found no signs of irritation or allergic reactions in the
participants. This indicates that pomelo extract can be a viable alternative to conventional rust
removers, which often contain harsh chemicals that may irritate the skin.

A study conducted by Li et al. (2021) assessed the health effects of pomelo extract as a rust remover and
found no evidence of toxicity or adverse health effects. This suggests that using pomelo extract as a rust
remover is a healthier alternative compared to traditional chemical-based products.

While pomelo extract has shown promising results as a rust remover, its potential effects on human
health should also be considered. Pomelo extract is known to contain various bioactive compounds,
including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and vitamin C, which have been associated with numerous health
benefits (Li et al., 2017). These compounds possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which
may contribute to the overall well-being of individuals.

Furthermore, a study conducted by Yang et al. (2020) investigated the cytotoxicity of pomelo extract on
human cells. The findings revealed that pomelo extract exhibited no significant cytotoxic effects within a
certain concentration range. However, it is important to note that further research is needed to fully
understand the potential health impacts of long-term exposure to pomelo extract.

A study by Tanaka et al. (2020) evaluated the environmental impact of pomelo extract as a rust remover
and found that it had a minimal ecological footprint. The researchers noted that pomelo extract
decomposed rapidly in the environment, posing no long-term harm to ecosystems.

A study by Wang et al. (2019) assessed the environmental impact of pomelo extract as a rust remover
through a life cycle assessment (LCA). The LCA results indicated that the production and use of pomelo
extract resulted in lower greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and water usage compared to
chemical rust removers.

A study by Garcia et al. (2020) assessed the environmental impact of pomelo extract as a rust remover.
The researchers conducted toxicity tests on aquatic organisms and found that pomelo extract had
minimal adverse effects on the tested species. Furthermore, the biodegradability of pomelo extract
ensures that it does not persist in the environment, reducing the risk of long-term ecological damage.

Significant Differences Between the Pomelo Extract as a Rust Remover and Commercial Rust Removers.

One study by Lee et al. (2018) compared the rust removal capabilities of pomelo extract with traditional
commercial rust removers. The results showed that pomelo extract exhibited promising rust removal
properties, effectively dissolving rust from metal surfaces. The researchers attributed this effectiveness
to the presence of citric acid and ascorbic acid in the extract, which act as chelating agents and facilitate
rust dissolution.

Several studies have evaluated the effectiveness of different commercial rust removers. One study by
Smith et al. (2019) compared various commercial rust removers based on their rust removal capabilities.
The results indicated that commercial rust removers effectively eliminated rust from metal surfaces,
providing a clean and rust-free finish.

The study by Lee et al. (2018) found that pomelo extract demonstrated comparable effectiveness to
commercial rust removers in rust removal. However, it is important to note that commercial rust
removers often contain stronger chemical compounds, which may result in faster and more efficient rust
removal. Commercial rust removers have been extensively tested and formulated to tackle rust-related
issues effectively.
Effectiveness of Pomelo Extract as an Alternative Rust Remover in Kitchen Utensils

Traditional rust removers often contain harsh chemicals that may be harmful to both humans and the
environment.Researchers have been exploring natural alternatives for rust removal. One such
alternative is pomelo extract, derived from the pomelo fruit (Citrus maxima). This review aims to
evaluate the effectiveness of pomelo extract as an alternative rust remover in kitchen utensils based on
existing literature.

Several studies have investigated the efficacy of pomelo extract in removing rust from various surfaces,
including kitchen utensils. One study conducted by Chen et al. (2018) compared the rust removal
efficiency of pomelo extract with a commercial rust remover. The results showed that pomelo extract
performed comparably to the commercial product, effectively removing rust from stainless steel
utensils.

Another study by Tanaka and Yamaguchi (2020) explored the rust removal potential of pomelo extract
combined with other natural ingredients. They found that a mixture of pomelo extract, vinegar, and
baking soda exhibited enhanced rust removal capabilities. The researchers attributed this synergy to the
combined effects of citric acid, acetic acid, and the abrasive action of baking sod

CHAPTER 3

Methodology
This methodology provides a systematic approach to evaluating the potential of Pomelo Extract as an
eco-friendly alternative to commercial rust removers. The following part includes the research
design,sampling procedures and sample,data gathering procedures and data analysis.

Research Design

The study employed an Comparative design to evaluate the efficacy of Pomelo Extract as an alternative
rust remover in kitchen utensils. The comparative study involved a control group (using a commercial
rust remover) and a test group (using the Pomelo Extract).

Sampling Procedure and Sample

A simple random sampling technique was used selecting 20 individuals who frequently use kitchen
utensils and often deal with rust issues. The sample include housekeepers. Each participant was
provided with the Pomelo Extract rust remover for the experiment.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following data gathering procedures will be use to determine the Effectiveness of Pomelo (Citrus
maxima) as an Eco-Friendly Alternative to Commercial Rust Remover for Kitchen Utensils, the following
data gathering procedure will be employed.

1.Preparation of pomelo extract

The pomelo extract will be prepared by following a standard procedure. This may involve crushing the
pomelo meat, extracting the juice, and filtering it to remove any impurities.

2.Testing of the pomelo extract on rusted kitchen utensils

The pomelo extract will be tested on rusted kitchen utensils to determine its effectiveness as a rust
remover. This will be done by immersing the rusted utensils in the extract for a certain period of time
and then observing the results.

3. Comparison of the pomelo extract with commercial rust removers

The performance of the pomelo extract will be compared with that of commercial rust removers. This
will be done by testing both the pomelo extract and commercial rust removers on the same set of
rusted utensils.

In addition to the above procedures, the following data gathering methods may also be used:

Survey
Surveys can be conducted to collect data on the prevalence of rusting in kitchen utensils and the public's
awareness and willingness to use eco-friendly rust removers.

Data Analysis

The collected data will be analyze using appropriate T-test to determine the effectiveness of the Pomelo
Extract and evaluate based on the time taken to remove rust, the amount used, and

the overall satisfaction of the participants. Comparative analysis was also conducted between the
control group and the test group to gauge the efficacy of the Pomelo Extract against commercial rust
removers.

Household 1 Household 2 Household 3 Household 4 Household 5

No. Of drops No. Of drops No. Of drops No. Of drops No. Of drops

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3

Alternative

Rust remover

Commercial

Rust remover