e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:03/March-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
UNDERWATER WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
USING IR SENSOR
Ritik Patil*1, Yash Yennewar*2, Tanmay Kawase*3, Rushikesh Tetwar*4,
Prof. Suhas D. Kakde*5
*1,2,3,4UG Students, Department Of Electronics And Telecommunications, Priyadarshani J.L.
College Of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440009.
*5Assistant Professor, Department Of Electronics And Telecommunications, Priyadarshani J.L.
College Of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India-440009.
ABSTRACT
Wireless communication is a vital component of underwater operations, including environmental monitoring,
surveillance, and exploration. However, traditional wireless communication methods such as acoustic or radio
frequency suffer from limited range, low bandwidth, and interference. Infrared technology has emerged as a
promising solution for underwater wireless communication due to its ability to transmit high-bandwidth data
over long distances with minimal interference. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of
the art in underwater wireless communication systems that utilize infrared technology. We discuss the various
components of these systems, including the transmitters, receivers, and signal processing techniques.
Additionally, we explore the benefits and limitations of using infrared technology for underwater wireless
communication and identify areas for future research.
I. INTRODUCTION
Underwater wireless communication is essential for a range of applications, including environmental
monitoring, underwater exploration, and surveillance. However, the harsh underwater environment presents
several challenges to wireless communication, including attenuation, multipath propagation, and interference.
Traditional wireless communication methods such as acoustic or radio frequency suffer from limited range and
low bandwidth. Therefore, there is a need for an effective and efficient method for underwater wireless
communication.
Infrared technology has emerged as a promising solution for underwater wireless communication due to its
ability to transmit high-bandwidth data over long distances with minimal interference. Infrared technology has
been successfully used in various applications such as building automation, industrial control, and medical
devices. In recent years, researchers have focused on developing infrared-based systems for underwater
wireless communication.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Underwater wireless communication is a challenging task due to the high attenuation, multipath fading, and
signal distortion in the aquatic environment. In recent years, researchers have explored different techniques to
improve the communication performance in underwater environments. One of the promising solutions is the
use of infrared (IR) sensors for underwater wireless communication.
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the feasibility of using IR sensors for underwater wireless
communication. In a study by Shrestha et al. (2019), the authors proposed an underwater communication
system that uses IR sensors for data transmission. The system was tested in a controlled laboratory
environment, and the results showed that the IR-based communication system can achieve a high data rate
with low power consumption.
Similarly, in another study by Saha et al. (2019), the authors developed an IR-based underwater
communication system that uses a modified Manchester code for data transmission. The system was tested in a
real underwater environment, and the results showed that the proposed system can achieve a high data rate
with low error rate and low power consumption.
In a different study by Li et al. (2020), the authors proposed an IR-based underwater wireless communication
system that uses a time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme to allocate communication resources among
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 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:03/March-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
different underwater nodes. The proposed system was tested in a tank experiment, and the results showed that
the IR-based TDMA system can achieve a high data rate with low power consumption.
Moreover, in a recent study by Luo et al. (2021), the authors proposed an IR-based underwater wireless
communication system that uses a hybrid modulation scheme for data transmission. The proposed system was
tested in a real underwater environment, and the results showed that the hybrid modulation scheme can
achieve a higher data rate and lower bit error rate compared to traditional modulation schemes.
Overall, the use of IR sensors for underwater wireless communication is a promising solution to overcome the
challenges of traditional wireless communication techniques in underwater environments. The aforementioned
studies demonstrated that IR-based communication systems can achieve a high data rate with low power
consumption and low error rate, which can enable various applications, such as underwater sensing and
monitoring, underwater exploration, and underwater robotics. However, further research is needed to
investigate the performance of IR-based communication systems in different underwater environments and to
optimize the system design for practical applications.
III. COMPONENTS
An underwater wireless communication system using infrared technology consists of several components,
including transmitters, receivers, and signal processing techniques. The transmitter used in this system is
typically a high-intensity infrared light source that can transmit data through the water column.
Arduino Controller Board:
Arduino is a microcontroller based open source electronic phototyping board which can be programmed with
an easy-to-used. Arduino IDE Arduino board styles use a range of microprocessors and controllers. The board's
area unit equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins which will be interfaced to numerous
enlargement boards ('shields') or breadboards (For prototyping) and different circuits. The board features
serial communications interfaces, as well as Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models that also is used for
loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers may be programmed victimization C and C++
programming languages.
ATmega328 microcontroller:
The ATmega328 may be a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel within the mega AVR family. The Atmel
8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines thirty two computer memory unit ISP non-volatile storage
with read while-write capabilities, one computer memory unit EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, twenty three general
purpose I/O lines, thirty two general purpose operating registers, 3 versatile timer/counters with compare
modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte oriented 2-wire serial interface,
SPI interface, 6-channel 10-bit A/D convertor, programmable watchdog timer
with internal generator, and 5 code selectable power saving modes.
Liquid Crystal Display:
It is one kind of electronic display module used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits &
devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for multi-
segment light-emitting diodes and seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive;
simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying custom characters, special and
even animations, etc.
Heart Beat Sensor:
Pulse detector may be a well-designed plug-and play heart- rate detector for Arduino. It will be used by
students, artists, athletes, makers, and game & mobile developers WHO wish to simply incorporate live heart-
rate knowledge into their comes. It conjointly includes Associate in Nursing ASCII text file watching app that
graphs your pulse in real time. The normal resting vital sign for adults over the age of ten years, together with
older adults, is between sixty and one hundred beats per minute (bpm).

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[3345]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:03/March-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 1: Block Diagram

V. PROCEDURE
Prepare the system: First, prepare the underwater wireless communication system by selecting the
appropriate IR sensor, transmitter, and receiver. Ensure that the components are compatible with each other
and can function underwater.
Design the circuit: Design a circuit that can convert the signals received by the IR sensor into digital signals
that can be transmitted and received wirelessly. The circuit should also include a power source to ensure the
system is continuously powered.
Test the circuit: Test the circuit to ensure that it is functioning correctly. This can be done by connecting the
transmitter and receiver, and testing the data transmission. Ensure that the signal is strong enough to travel
through water.
Waterproof the system: Once the circuit is working correctly, waterproof the system by enclosing it in a
waterproof casing. This will ensure that the system is not damaged by water.

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[3346]
 e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:05/Issue:03/March-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com
Test the waterproofed system: After waterproofing, test the system again to ensure that it is still working
correctly. Check the signal strength and transmission quality.
Deploy the system: Once the system is functioning correctly and is waterproofed, it can be deployed
underwater. Ensure that the system is secure and cannot be easily damaged.
Monitor the system: Monitor the system regularly to ensure that it is still functioning correctly. This can be
done by checking the signal strength and transmission quality. Make any necessary repairs or adjustments as
required.
Overall, the procedure for setting up an underwater wireless communication system using IR sensors involves
designing and testing a circuit that can convert signals into digital signals, waterproofing the system, and
deploying and monitoring the system to ensure that it is functioning correctly.
VI. RESULT
Our system not only enables communication through underwater channels but also provides information about
the health condition of the person transmitting the message. This system can be a cost-effective alternative to
laying heavy physical wires through the sea or river that require significant upfront costs and ongoing
maintenance expenses. With our system, communication can be established without the need for expensive
infrastructure, making it an ideal solution for various applications, including marine research, underwater
exploration, and submarine operations
VII. CONCLUSION
The use of an IR sensor in an underwater wireless communication system offers several advantages, including
low power consumption, low cost, and ease of implementation. The IR sensor allows for data transmission
through the water using light waves, which can travel a considerable distance with minimal attenuation.
Furthermore, the IR sensor can be integrated with other underwater sensors and devices to create a
comprehensive underwater communication network. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of
the IR sensor in an underwater wireless communication system depends on various factors, such as water
clarity, depth, and ambient light conditions. Therefore, further research and development are needed to
improve the reliability and performance of this technology for practical applications in underwater
communication systems.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Y. Li et al., "Underwater Wireless Infrared Communication Systems: A Review," IEEE Communications
Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2382-2403, 2020.
[2] H. Zhang et al., "Underwater Wireless Infrared Communication: Recent Advances and Future
Challenges," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 89187-89197, 2019.
[3] J. A. Moreno-Muro et al., "Underwater Wireless Infrared Communication: State-of-the-Art and Future
Challenges," Sensors, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 445, 2021.
[4] Muhammad Tahir, “Underwater Wireless Communication Using EM Waves”, October 19, 2020.
[5] Jaruwatanadilok, S., “Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Channel Modelling and
Performance Evaluation using Vector Radiative Transfer Theory”. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications, vol. 26(9): pp. 1620-1627, 2008.
[6] Stojanovic M and Preisig J. Underwater acoustic communication channels: propagation models and
statistical characterization. IEEE Common Mag 2009; 47(1): 84–89.

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