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    Chemical Bonding

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    G03・Loislane Apuang
    Atoms form ions through gaining or losing electrons to become charged particles called cations and anions. Ionic compounds are formed when oppositely charged ions transfer electrons and bond via electrovalent bonds. Covalent compounds are formed by atoms sharing electrons, either equally forming nonpolar covalent bonds or unequally forming polar covalent bonds. Metallic bonds form in metals through attraction between freely moving valence electrons and positively charged metal atoms. Different types of bonds lead to variations in physical and chemical properties between ionic, covalent, and metallic compounds.

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    Chemical Bonding

    Uploaded by

    G03・Loislane Apuang
    2 views15 pages
    Atoms form ions through gaining or losing electrons to become charged particles called cations and anions. Ionic compounds are formed when oppositely charged ions transfer electrons and bond via electrovalent bonds. Covalent compounds are formed by atoms sharing electrons, either equally forming nonpolar covalent bonds or unequally forming polar covalent bonds. Metallic bonds form in metals through attraction between freely moving valence electrons and positively charged metal atoms. Different types of bonds lead to variations in physical and chemical properties between ionic, covalent, and metallic compounds.

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    CHEMICAL-BONDING

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    Atoms form ions through gaining or losing electrons to become charged particles called cations and anions. Ionic compounds are formed when oppositely charged ions transfer electrons and bond via electrovalent bonds. Covalent compounds are formed by atoms sharing electrons, either equally forming nonpolar covalent bonds or unequally forming polar covalent bonds. Metallic bonds form in metals through attraction between freely moving valence electrons and positively charged metal atoms. Different types of bonds lead to variations in physical and chemical properties between ionic, covalent, and metallic compounds.

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    2 views15 pages

    Chemical Bonding

    Uploaded by

    G03・Loislane Apuang
    Atoms form ions through gaining or losing electrons to become charged particles called cations and anions. Ionic compounds are formed when oppositely charged ions transfer electrons and bond via electrovalent bonds. Covalent compounds are formed by atoms sharing electrons, either equally forming nonpolar covalent bonds or unequally forming polar covalent bonds. Metallic bonds form in metals through attraction between freely moving valence electrons and positively charged metal atoms. Different types of bonds lead to variations in physical and chemical properties between ionic, covalent, and metallic compounds.

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    of 15

    CHEMICAL BONDING

    QUESTIONS:

    1.What is the difference between an atom and an ions?


    2.What is cation and anion?
    3.How are ionic and covalent compounds formed?
    4.Why is ionic compound different from a covalent
    compound?
    5.How is a metallic bond formed?
    CATIONS- form when an atom loses one or more
    electrons.
    - positively charged particle

    ANIONS- if a balanced atom gains one or more


    electrons
    - negatively charged particle
    Physical and Chemical Behavior of Elements

    Atomic Size- for ionic state, since there is a change in number of


    electrons, the non- metals (generally are electron acceptors) when
    formed into ions undergo an increase in size due to electron repulsion.
    Metals, on the other hand, when formed into ions, decrease in size due
    to the greater attraction of electrons to the positive nucleus. From left
    to right increases, atomic size increases from top to bottom.

    Ionization Energy- is the amount of energy needed to remove an


    electrons from an atom.
    From left to right of the periodic table, ionization energy increases
    and from top to bottom the ionization energy decreases
    Electron Affinity- is the amount of energy released when
    an atom gained an electron. Electron affinity increases
    from left to right and decreases from top to bottom.

    Electronegativity- refers to the tendency of an atom to


    attract electrons toward itself in a compound. The higher
    the electronegativity of an atom, the higher would be its
    tendency to attract electrons. From left to right of the
    periodic table, electronegativity increases, and from top
    to bottom decreases.
    Element Ion # of # of Charge Ion Type
    Name Symbol Protons Electrons
    Fluorine Fˉ 9 10 -1 ANION
    Sulfur S²ˉ 16 18 -2 ANION
    Potassiu K+ 19 18 +1 CATION
    m
    Calcium Ca²+ 20 18 +2 CATION
    Oxygen O²ˉ 8 10 -2 ANION
    Element Ion # of # of Charge Ion Type
    Name Symbol Protons Electrons
    Magnesium Mg²+

    Bromine Bˉ

    Strontium Sr²+

    Aluminum Al³+

    Chlorine Clˉ
    CHEMICAL BONDING- is the attraction between two or
    more atoms that allows them to be able to form a
    stable chemical compound.
    - Chemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms
    together.
    - Atoms may combine by the sharing of electrons, the
    transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to
    another, and some are characterized by the mobility
    and non- localization of the valence electrons.
    TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING

    1.IONIC or ELECTROVALENT BOND


    2.COVALENT BOND
    A. POLAR
    B. NONPOLAR
    3. METALLIC BONDING
    IONIC or ELECTROVALENT BOND- a type of bonding where
    bonds are formed whenever there is a TRANSFER of one or
    more electrons from one atom to another.
    COVALENT BOND- this chemical bond is formed by the SHARING of electrons between
    two atoms.

    A. POLAR Covalent bond- bond between atoms of different electronegativity. Polarity is


    due to unequal sharing of electrons: the more electronegative atoms attract the
    shared pair of electrons towards itself.
    Examples of Polar Covalent Bond
    1. Water 4. Hydrogen sulfide
    2. Ammonia 5. Ethanol
    3. Sulfur dioxide

    B. NONPOLAR Covalent bond- when two or more electrons are equally shared
    between atoms of the same electronegativity.
    Examples of Nonpolar Covalent Bond- diatomic molecules
    H2, N2, Cl2, O2, F2, I2
    METALLIC BONDING- exists in metals through the attraction between
    the freely- moving valence electrons and the positively charged metal
    atom.
    Examples of Metallic Bonding
    1. Brass- (Cu + Zn)
    2. Bronze- (Cu + Sn)
    3. Stainless Steel- (Fe + Cr + C)
    Bonding Range
    Electronegativity Type of Bond
    Difference
    0 Nonpolar covalent

    Up to 1.8 Polar covalent

    1.8 and above Ionic

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