AL8862Q

AUTOMOTIVE GRADE 55V 1A STEP-DOWN CONVERTER

Description Pin Assignments

The AL8862Q is a step-down DC/DC converter designed to drive
LEDs with a constant current. The AL8862Q operates with an input
supply voltage from 5V to 55V and provides an externally adjustable (Top View)
output current up to 1A. Series connection of the LEDs provides
identical LED currents resulting in uniform brightness and eliminating
the need for ballast resistors. The AL8862Q switches at frequency up SET 1 8 CTRL

to 1MHz. This allows the use of smaller size external components,

GND 2 7 GND
hence minimizing the PCB size. EP
FAULT 3 6 SW
The AL8862Q integrates the power switch and a high-side output
current sensing circuit. The LED current of AL8862Q is set via an VIN 4 5 SW
external resistor connected between the VIN and SET input pins.
Dimming is achieved by applying either a DC voltage or a PWM
signal at the CTRL input pin. The soft-start time can be adjusted using SO-8EP
an external capacitor from the CTRL pin to the ground. An input
voltage of 0.3V or lower at CTRL pin will shut down the power switch.
SW 1 8 VIN
The AL8862Q includes an open-drain fault output to indicate open
circuit across LED string, short-circuit across current sense resistor GND 2 7 FAULT
EP
and overtemperature conditions. CTRL 3 6 GND
NC 4 5 SET
The AL8862Q is available in SO-8EP and V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type
A) packages.

The AL8862Q is qualified to AEC-Q100 Grade 1 and is automotive V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A)

grade to support PPAPs.

Features Applications
 Wide Input Voltage Range: 5V to 55V  Automotive interior LED lamps
 Output Current up to 1A  Automotive exterior LED lamps
 Internal 55V NDMOS Switch
 Typical 4% Output Current Accuracy
 Single Pin for On/Off and Brightness Control by DC Voltage or
PWM Signal
 High Efficiency (Up to 97%)
 Fault Status Indication for Abnormal Operation
 LED Short-Circuit Protection
 Inherent Open-Circuit LED Protection
 Current-Sense Resistor Short-Circuit Protection
 Overtemperature Shutdown
 Up to 1MHz Switching Frequency
 SO-8EP and V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A) Packages Available
in Green Molding Compound (No Br, Sb)
 Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
 Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
 The AL8862Q is suitable for automotive applications
requiring specific change control; this part is AEC-Q100
qualified, PPAP capable, and manufactured in IATF 16949
certified facilities.
https://www.diodes.com/quality/product-definitions/

Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS), 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) & 2015/863/EU (RoHS 3) compliant.
2. See https://www.diodes.com/quality/lead-free/ for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and
Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.

AL8862Q 1 of 17 July 2023

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 AL8862Q

Typical Applications Circuit

VIN: 5 to 55V RSET

VIN SET
C1 CTRL

AL8862Q
D1
FAULT

GND SW
L1

Pin Descriptions
Pin Number
V-DFN3030-8/SWP Pin Name Function
SO-8EP
(Type A)
Set nominal output current pin. Connect resistor RSET from this pin to VIN to define nominal
1 5 SET
average output current.
2, 7 2, 6 GND Ground of IC
3 7 FAULT FAULT indication. Asserted Low to report faulty conditions. Needs an external pullup resistor.
Input voltage (5V to 55V). Decouple to ground with 10μF or higher X7R ceramic capacitor
4 8 VIN
close to device.
Switch pin. Connect inductor/freewheeling diode here, minimizing track length at this pin to
5, 6 1 SW
reduce EMI.
Multi-function On/Off and brightness control pin:
 Leave floating for normal operation.
 Drive to voltage below 0.3V to turn off output current.
 Drive with DC voltage (0.4V < VSET < 2.5V) to adjust output current from 10% to 100% of
IOUT_NOM.
8 3 CTRL
 Drive with an analog voltage > 2.6V output current will be 100% of I OUT_NOM.
 A PWM signal (Low level < 0.3V, High level > 2.6V, transition times less than 1µs) allows
the output current to be adjusted over a wide range up to 100%.
 Connect a capacitor from this pin to ground to increase soft-start time.
(Default soft-start time = 0.1ms. Additional soft-start time is approximately 1.5ms/1nF).
— 4 NC No connection
EP EP EP Exposed pad/TAB connects to GND and thermal mass for enhanced thermal impedance.

AL8862Q 2 of 17 July 2023

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 AL8862Q

Functional Block Diagram

SET FAULT SW

OTP
VIN
SW
Open
Current Fault
VDD Generator ILIMITER Logic
Monitor OCP

Comp
Ref Hysteresis
BG & Logic Driver
Control PWM
Reference

PWM/DC OTP
CTRL Dimming
OTP
PWM

GND GND

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4)

Symbol Parameter Rating Unit
VIN Input Voltage -0.3 to +65 V
VSW, VSET, VFAULT SW, SET, FAULT Pin Voltage -0.3 to +65 V
VCTRL CTRL Pin Input Voltage -0.3 to +6 V
TA Operating Ambient Temperature -40 to +125 °C
TJ Operating Junction Temperature -40 to +150 °C
TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C
TLEAD Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s) +300 °C
Note: 4. Stresses greater than those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied.
Exposure to Absolute Maximum Ratings for extended periods can affect device reliability. Besides, if the voltage on CTRL pin is higher than 5V, the device
will enter the test mode for parameter test. Therefore, the voltage on CTRL pin should be kept below 5V for normal operation.

ESD Ratings (Note 5)

Symbol Parameter Rating Unit
Human-Body Model (HBM), per AEC-Q100-002 ±3000
VESD V
Charged-Device Model (CDM), per AEC-Q100-011 ±1000
Note: 5. AEC-Q100-002 indicates that HBM stressing shall be in accordance with the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 specification.

Recommended Operating Conditions (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted)

Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
VIN Input Voltage 5 55 V
fSW Switching Frequency — 1 MHz
IOUT Continuous Output Current — 1 A
Voltage Range for 10% to 100% DC Dimming Relative to
VCTRL 0.4 2.5 V
GND
VCTRL_HIGH Voltage High for PWM Dimming Relative to GND 2.6 5 V
VCTRL_LOW Voltage Low for PWM Dimming Relative to GND 0 0.3 V
TA Operating Ambient Temperature -40 +125 °C

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 AL8862Q

Thermal Information (Note 6)

Symbol Parameter Rating Unit
SO-8EP 58 °C/W
θJA Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance
V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A) 68.4 °C/W
SO-8EP 6.5 °C/W
θJC Junction-to-Case (Top) Thermal Resistance
V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A) 16.7 °C/W
Note: 6. Device mounted on 2″ × 2″ FR-4 substrate PCB, 2oz copper, with minimum recommended pad layout.

Electrical Characteristics (@TA = -40°C to +125°C, VIN = 16V, typical values are at TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
VIN Input Voltage — 5.0 — 55 V
IQ Quiescent Current CTRL Pin Floating, VIN = 16V — 450 — µA
VUVLO Undervoltage Lockout VIN Rising — 4.8 — V
VUVLO_HYS UVLO Hysteresis — — 200 — mV
HYSTERESTIC CONTROL
Measured on SET Pin with
VSET Mean Current Sense Threshold Voltage 96 100 104 mV
Respect to VIN
VSET_HYS Sense Threshold Hysteresis — — ±13 — %
ISET SET Pin Input Current VSET = VIN -0.1 — 8 — µA
Internal Resistor between VIN Pin and
RSET_INT — — 500 — Ω
SET Pin
ENABLE AND DIMMING
VCTRL Voltage Range on CTRL Pin For Analog Dimming 0.4 — 2.5 V
— Analog Dimming Range — 10 — 100 %
DC Voltage on CTRL Pin for Analog
VCTRL_ON VCTRL Rising — 0.45 — V
Dimming On
DC Voltage on CTRL Pin for Analog
VCTRL_OFF VCTRL Falling — 0.40 — V
Dimming Off
SWITCHING OPERATION
RON SW Switch On Resistance @ISW = 100mA — 0.4 — Ω
ISW_LEAK SW Switch Leakage Current VSW = 65V, Other Pins Floating — — 8 μA
tSS Soft-Start Time VIN = 16V, CCTRL = 1nF — 1.5 — ms
VIN = 16V, VO = 9.6V (3 LEDs)
fSW Operating Frequency — 250 — kHz
L = 47μH, ΔI = 0.25A (ILED = 1A)
Recommended Maximum Switch
fSW_MAX — — — 1 MHz
Frequency
Recommended Minimum Switch On
tON_REC For 4% Accuracy — 500 — ns
Time
Delay Time from Triggering of
Internal Comparator Propagation Delay
tPD Current Sense Threshold to SW — 100 — ns
(Note 7)
On/Off
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
TOTP Overtemperature Protection — — +150 — °C
TOTP_HYS Temperature Protection Hysteresis — — +30 — °C
ISW_MAX Current Limit Peak Inductor Current — 3 — A
Note: 7. Guaranteed by design.

AL8862Q 4 of 17 July 2023

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 AL8862Q

Typical Performance Characteristics (@TA = +25°C, VIN = 16V, unless otherwise noted.)
Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage Quiescent Current vs. Temperature
420 480
418 470

416 460
450
414
440
Quiescent Current (A)

412

Quiescent Current (A)

430
410
420
408
410
406
400
404
390
402 380
400 370
398 360 VIN=16V
396 350
394 340
392 330
390 320
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Input Voltage (V) Temperature ( C)

O

SET Threshold Voltage vs. Input voltage SET Threshold Voltage vs. Temperature
120 120

115 115

110 110
SET Threshold Voltage (mV)

SET Threshold Voltage (mV)

105 105

100 100

95 95

90 90

85 85

80 80

75 VTH_H 75
VTH_H
70 VTH_MEAN 70
VTH_MEAN
65 VTH_L 65
VTH_L
60 60
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
O
Input Voltage (V) Temperature ( C)

PWM Dimming (VIN=16V, 3LEDs, 68μH, RS=0.3Ω) Analog Dimming (VIN=16V, 3LEDs, 47μH, RS=0.3Ω)
Output Current vs. Duty Cycle Output Current vs. CTRL Pin Voltage
340 360
320 340
fPWM=100Hz 320
300
280 fPWM=500Hz 300
260 fPWM=1kHz 280
260
Output Current (mA)

240
fPWM=10kHz
Output Current (mA)

220 240
220
200
200
180
180
160
160
140
140
120
120
100
100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6
Duty Cycle (%) CTRL Pin Voltage (V)

AL8862Q 5 of 17 July 2023

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 AL8862Q

Typical Performance Characteristics (@TA = +25°C, VIN = 16V, unless otherwise noted.) (continued)
Efficiency vs. Input Voltage Efficiency vs. Input Voltage
(RS=0.3Ω, L=100μH) (RS=0.15Ω, L=68μH)
96 99
93 96
90 93
87 90
84 87
81 84
78

Efficiency (%)
81
Efficiency (%)

75
78
72
75
69
72
66
69
63
66
60
VO=3.3V VO=9.9V 63 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V
57
54 VO=16.5V VO=23.1V 60 VO=16.5V VO=23.1V
51 VO=29.7V VO=36.3V 57 VO=29.7V VO=36.3V
48 VO=42.9V VO=49.5V 54 VO=42.9V VO=49.5V
45 51
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60

Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V)

Efficiency vs. Input Voltage LED Current vs. Input Voltage

( RS=0.1Ω, L=100μH) (RS=0.3Ω, L=100μH)
99 360
96 355
93 350
90
345
87
340
84
Efficiency (%)

LED Current (mA)

81 335
78 330
75 325
72 320
69
315
66
310
63 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V
305 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V
60 VO=16.5V VO=23.1V
VO=16.5V VO=23.1V
57 VO=29.7V VO=36.3V 300
VO=29.7V VO=36.3V
54 VO=42.9V VO=49.5V 295
VO=42.9V VO=49.5V
51 290
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V)

LED Current vs. Input Voltage LED Current vs. Input Voltage
(RS=0.15Ω, L=68μH) (RS=0.1Ω, L=100μH)
690 1020
685 1015
680 1010
675 1005
LED Current (mA)

670
LED Current (mA)

1000
665
995
660
990
655
985
650
980
645
640 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V 975 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V
VO=16.5V VO=23.1V 970 VO=16.5V VO=23.1V
635
VO=29.7V VO=36.3V VO=29.7V VO=36.3V
630 965
VO=42.9V VO=49.5V VO=42.9V VO=49.5V
625 960
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60
Input Voltage (V) Input Voltage (V)

AL8862Q 6 of 17 July 2023

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 AL8862Q

Typical Performance Characteristics (@TA = +25°C, VIN = 16V, unless otherwise noted.) (continued)
Operating Frequency vs. Input Voltage Operating Frequency vs. Input Voltage
(RS=0.3Ω, L=100μH) (RS=0.15Ω, L=68μH)
900 850
850 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V 800 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V
800 VO=16.5V VO=23.1V 750 VO=16.5V VO=23.1V
750 700
VO=29.7V VO=36.3V VO=29.7V VO=36.3V
700 650
VO=42.9V VO=49.5V VO=42.9V VO=49.5V
650 600

Frequency (kHz)
600 550
Frequency (kHz)
Frequency(kHz)

550 500
500
450
450
400
400
350
350
300
300
250
250
200 200
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60

Input Voltage(V) Input Voltage (V)

Operating Frequency vs. Input Voltage LED Current vs. Output Voltage
( RS=0.1Ω, L=100μH) (RS=0.3Ω, L=100μH)
600 356

550 VO=3.3V VO=9.9V VIN=12V VIN=18V

352
VO=16.5V VO=23.1V VIN=24V VIN=30V
500 VO=29.7V VO=36.3V 348 VIN=36V VIN=42V
450 VO=42.9V VO=49.5V VIN=48V VIN=54V
344
VIN=60V
LED Current (mA)
Frequency (kHz)

400
340
350
336
300
332
250
328
200
324
150

100 320

50 316

0 312
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54

Input Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V)

LED Current vs. Output Voltage LED Current vs. Output Voltage
( RS=0.15Ω, L=68μH) (RS=0.1Ω, L=100μH)
690 1016
687 VIN=12V VIN=18V 1014 VIN=12V VIN=18V
684 1012 VIN=24V VIN=30V
VIN=24V VIN=30V
681
VIN=36V VIN=42V 1010 VIN=36V VIN=42V
678
675 VIN=48V VIN=54V 1008 VIN=48V VIN=54V
672 VIN=60V 1006 VIN=60V
LED Current (mA)
LED Current (mA)

669 1004
666
1002
663
660 1000
657 998
654 996
651
994
648
645 992
642 990
639 988
636
986
633
630 984
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54

Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage (V)

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 AL8862Q

Typical Performance Characteristics (@TA = +25°C, VIN = 16V, unless otherwise noted.) (continued)
Steady Operation Waveform Startup Delay Time
(VLED=9V, RS=0.3Ω, L=47μH) (VLED=9V, RS=0.3Ω, L=47μH)

VIN
IL
VSW

VSW VCTRL
IL

PWM Dimming (100Hz 50% Duty Cycle) LED Open

(VLED=9V, RS=0.3Ω, L=47μH) (VLED=9V, RS=0.3Ω, L=47μH)

VPWM VLED

VSW IL

IL VSW

RS Short
(VLED=9V, RS=0.3Ω, L=47μH)

VIN
IL
VSW

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 AL8862Q

Application Information
AL8862Q Operation

In normal operation, when normal input voltage is applied at VIN pin, the AL8862Q internal switch will turn on. Current starts to flow through the
sense resistor RSET, inductor L1, and the LEDs. The current ramps up linearly, and the ramp-up rate is determined by the input voltage VIN, VOUT
and the inductor L1.

This rising current produces a voltage ramp across RSET. The internal circuit of the AL8862Q senses the voltage across RSET and applies a
proportional voltage to the input of the internal comparator. When this voltage reaches an internal upper-set threshold, the internal switch is turned
off. The inductor current continues to flow through RSET, L1, LEDs and diode D1, and back to the supply rail, but it decays with the rate determined
by the forward voltage drop of LEDs and the diode D1.

This decaying current produces a falling voltage on RSET, which is sensed by the AL8862Q. A voltage proportional to the sense voltage across
RSET will be applied at the input of internal comparator. When this voltage falls to the internal lower-set threshold, the internal switch is turned on
again.

This switch-on-and-off cycle continues to provide the average LED current set by the sense resistor R SET.

LED Current Configuration

The nominal average output current in the LED(s) is determined by the value of the external current sense resistor (R SET) connected between VIN
pin and SET pin, and is given by:
0.1 0.1
IOUTNOM  
R SET // R SET_INT R SET // 500
If the RSET < 1Ω, the current setting equation is simplified as below:
0.1
IOUTNOM 
R SET
The table below gives values of the nominal average output current for setting resistor (RSET) in the Typical Applications Circuit shown on page 2.

RSET (Ω) Nominal Average Output Current (mA)

0.1 1000
0.15 667
0.3 333

The above values assume that the CTRL pin is floating and at a nominal reference voltage for internal comparator. It is possible to use different
values of RSET if the CTRL pin is driven by an external dimming signal.

Analog Dimming

Applying a DC voltage from 0.4V to 2.5V on CTRL pin can adjust output current from 10% to 100% of IOUT_NOM linearly, as shown in Figure 1. If
the CTRL pin is brought higher than 2.5V, the LED current will be clamped to 100% of IOUT_NOM, and the output switch will turn off if the CTRL
voltage falls below 0.3V.

PWM Dimming

The LED current can be adjusted digitally by applying a low frequency Pulse-Width-Modulated (PWM) logic signal to the CTRL pin to turn the
device on and off. This will produce an average output current proportional to the duty cycle of the control signal. To achieve a high resolution, the
PWM frequency is recommended to be lower than 500Hz, however high dimming frequencies can be used, at the expense of dimming dynamic
range and accuracy. Typically, for a PWM frequency of 500Hz, the accuracy is better than 1% for PWM ranging from 1% to 100%.

The accuracy of the low duty cycle dimming is affected by both the PWM frequency and the switching frequency of the AL8862Q. For best
accuracy/resolution, the switching frequency should be increased while the PWM frequency should be reduced.

The CTRL pin is designed to be driven by both 3.3V and 5V logic levels directly from a logic output with either an open drain output or a push-pull
output stage.

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 AL8862Q

Application Information (continued)

1200
RSET=0.1
1000 RSET=0.15
RSET=0.3
Output Current (mA) 800

600

400

200

0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
CTRL Pin Voltage (V)

Figure 1. Analog Dimming Curve

Soft-Start

The default soft-start time for the AL8862Q is 0.1ms – this provides very fast turn-on of the output, improving the PWM dimming accuracy.

Nevertheless, adding an external capacitor from the CTRL pin to ground will provide a longer soft-start delay. This is achieved by increasing the
time for the CTRL voltage rising to the turn-on threshold and by slowing down the rising rate of the control voltage at the input of hysteresis
comparator. The additional soft-start time is related to the capacitance between CTRL pin and GND, the typical value will be 1.5ms/nF.

Capacitor Selection

A low ESR capacitor should be used for input decoupling, as the ESR of this capacitor appears in series with the supply source impedance and
will reduce the overall efficiency. This capacitor can supply the relatively high peak current to the coil and smooth the ripple on the input current.

The minimum capacitance needed is determined by input power, cable’s length and peak current. 4.7μF to 10μF is a common used value range
for most of cases. A higher value will improve performance at lower input voltages, especially when the source impedance is high. The input
capacitor should be placed as close as possible to the IC.

For maximum stability over temperature and voltage, capacitors with X7R, X5R, or better dielectric are recommended. Capacitors with Y5V
dielectric are not suitable for decoupling in this application and should NOT be used.

Freewheel Diode Selection

For maximum efficiency and performance, the freewheeling diode (D1) should be a fast low capacitance Schottky diode with low reverse leakage
current. It also provides better efficiency than silicon diodes, due to the lower forward voltage and reduced recovery time.

It is important to select parts with a peak current rating above the peak coil current and a continuous current rating higher than the maximum
output load current. It is very important to control the reverse leakage current of the diode when operating above +85°C. Excess leakage current
will increase power dissipation.

The higher forward voltage and overshoot due to reverse recovery time in silicon diodes will increase the peak output voltage on the SW pins. If a
silicon diode is used, more care should be taken to ensure that the total voltage appearing on the SW pins including supply ripple, will not exceed
the specified maximum value.

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 AL8862Q

Application Information (continued)

Inductor Selection

Recommended inductor value for the AL8862Q is in the range of 33μH to 100μH. Higher inductance is recommended at higher supply voltages in
order to minimize output current tolerance due to switching delays, which will result in increased ripple and lower efficiency. Higher inductance
also results in a better line regulation. The inductor should be mounted as close to the device as possible with low resistance connections to SW
pins.

The chosen coil should have saturation current higher than the peak output current and a continuous current rating above the required mean
output current.

The inductor value should be chosen to maintain operating duty cycle and switch ‘on’/’off’ times within the specified limits over the supply voltage
and load current range. The following equations can be used as a guide.

SW Pins Switch ‘On’ Time

𝑳∆𝑰
𝒕𝑶𝑵 =
𝑽𝑰𝑵 − 𝑽𝑳𝑬𝑫 − 𝑰𝑳𝑬𝑫(𝑹𝑺𝑬𝑻 + 𝑹𝑳 + 𝑹𝒔𝒘 )

SW Pins Switch ‘Off’ Time

𝑳∆𝑰
𝒕𝑶𝑭𝑭 =
𝑽𝑳𝑬𝑫 + 𝑽𝑫 + 𝑰𝑳𝑬𝑫 (𝑹𝑺𝑬𝑻 + 𝑹𝑳 )

Where: L is the coil inductance; RL is the coil resistance; RSET is the current sense resistance; ILED is the required LED current; ΔI is the coil peak-
peak ripple current (Internally set to 0.26 x ILED); VIN is the supply voltage; VLED is the total LED forward voltage; RSW is the switch resistance
(0.55Ω nominal); VD is the diode forward voltage at the required load current.

Thermal Protection

The AL8862Q includes Overtemperature Protection (OTP) circuitry that will turn off the device if its junction temperature gets too high. This is to
protect the device from excessive heat damage. The OTP circuitry includes thermal hysteresis that will cause the device to restart normal
operation once its junction temperature has cooled down by approximately +30°C.

Open-Circuit LED Protection

The AL8862Q has default open LED protection. If the LEDs become open circuit, the AL8862Q will stop oscillating; the voltage at the SET pin will
rise to VIN and the voltage at the SW pin will then fall to GND. No excessive voltages will be seen with the AL8862Q.

LED Short-Circuit Protection

If the LED string becomes shorted together (the anode of the top LED becomes shorted to the cathode of the bottom LED), the AL8862Q will
continue to switch and the current through the AL8862Q’s internal switch will still be at the expected current – so no excessive heat will be
generated within the AL8862Q. However, the duty cycle will change dramatically and the switching frequency will most likely decrease. See Figure
2 for an example of this behavior at 24V input voltage driving 3 LEDs.

The on-time of the internal power MOSFET switch is significantly reduced because almost all of the input voltage is now developed across the
inductor. The off-time is significantly increased because the reverse voltage across the inductor is now just the Schottky diode voltage (See Figure
2) causing a much slower decay in inductor current.

AL8862Q 11 of 17 July 2023

Document number: DS42199 Rev. 5 - 2 www.diodes.com © 2023 Copyright Diodes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
 AL8862Q

Application Information (continued)

IINDUCTOR
200mA/div

VSW
20V/div

VLED-
10V/div

Figure 2. Switching Characteristics (Normal Operation to LED String Shorted)

Current Sense Resistor Short-Circuit Protection

The AL8862Q has an internal current limit at about 3A. If current-sense resistor RSET is shorted, current limit is triggered for accumulated 8 times
and the switch will shut down and latch off. Only a power cycle of VIN can reset AL8862Q.

Fault Indicator

The AL8862Q includes an active low, open-drain fault indicator (FAULT). The FAULT pin goes low when one of the following conditions occurs:

1) Open circuit across LED string

2) Short circuit across current sense resistor
3) Overtemperature condition

Fault Detection Action

When open circuit occurs, the resulted voltage drop on sensing resistor is
nearly zero and the SW pin output will be constantly low, leading to output
voltage VOUT equals VIN. No excessive voltages will be seen with the
Open-Circuit across LED
SW < 0.6V lasts for 100μs AL8862Q and external components.
String
If open-circuit condition lasts for accumulated 100μs, FAULT goes low. The
AL8862Q resumes normal operation and FAULT resumes high once fault
condition is removed.
When current sense resistor is short circuited, the AL8862Q will continue to
Short Circuit across Current Current limit is triggered for 8 switch and the inductor current will continue to go up until the internal current
Sense Resistor times limit of 3A is reached. If the current limit is triggered for 8 times, the system is
latched off and FAULT goes low and will remain low until the power is cycled.
When the junction temperature exceeds approximately +150°C, the AL8862Q
Overtemperature Condition TJ > +150°C is forced to shut down and FAULT goes low. A startup sequence is initiated
and FAULT resumes high when the junction temperature drops by +30°C.

AL8862Q 12 of 17 July 2023

Document number: DS42199 Rev. 5 - 2 www.diodes.com © 2023 Copyright Diodes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
 AL8862Q

Application Information (continued)

EMI and Layout Considerations

The AL8862Q is a switching regulator with fast edges and measures small differential voltages; as a result of this, care has to be taken with
decoupling and layout of the PCB. To help with these effects, the AL8862Q has been developed to minimize radiated emissions by controlling the
switching speeds of the internal power MOSFET. The rise and fall times are controlled to get the right compromise between power dissipation due
to switching losses and radiated EMI. The turn-on edge (falling edge) dominates the radiated EMI which is due to an interaction between the
Schottky diode (D1), switching MOSFET and PCB tracks. After the Schottky diode reverse recovery time of around 5ns has occurred, the falling
edge of the SW pin sees a resonant loop between the Schottky diode capacitance and the track inductance, LTRACK. See Figure 3.

Figure 3. PCB Loop Resonance

The tracks from the SW pin to the anode of the Schottky diode, D1, and then from D1’s cathode to the decoupling capacitors C1 should be as
short as possible. There is an inductance internally in the AL8862Q which can be assumed to be around 1nH. For PCB tracks a figure of 0.5nH
per mm can be used to estimate the primary resonant frequency. If the track is capable of handling 1A, increasing the thickness will have a minor
effect on the inductance and length will dominate the size of the inductance. The resonant frequency of any oscillation is determined by the
combined inductance in the track and the effective capacitance of the Schottky diode.

Recommendations for minimizing radiated EMI and other transients and thermal considerations are:

1. The decoupling capacitor (C1) has to be placed as close as possible to the VIN pin and D1 cathode.
2. The freewheeling diode’s (D1) anode, the SW pin and the inductor have to be placed as close as possible to each other to avoid ringing.
3. The Ground return path from C1 must be a low impedance path with the ground plane as large as possible.
4. The LED current sense resistor (RSET) has to be placed as close as possible to the VIN and SET pins.
5. The majority of the conducted heat from the AL8862Q is through the GND pin 7. A maximum earth plane with thermal vias into a second
earth plane will minimize self-heating.
6. To reduce emissions via long leads on the supply input and LEDs, low RF impedance capacitors should be used at the point where the wires
are joined to the PCB.

AL8862Q 13 of 17 July 2023

Document number: DS42199 Rev. 5 - 2 www.diodes.com © 2023 Copyright Diodes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
 AL8862Q

Ordering Information

AL8862Q X – X

Product Name Package Packing

SP: SO-8EP 13/7: Tape and Reel
FGEAW: V-DFN3030-8/SWP
(Type A)

Packing
Part Number Part Number Suffix Package Code Package
Qty. Carrier
AL8862QSP-13 -13 SP SO-8EP 2500 Tape & Reel
V-DFN3030-8/SWP
AL8862QFGEAW-7 -7 FGEAW 1500 Tape & Reel
(Type A)

Marking Information

SO-8EP Package
(Top View)

8 7 6 5
Logo YY : Year (ex: 23 = 2023)
Marking ID AL8862Q WW : Week : 01 to 52; 52
represents week 52 and 53
YY WW X X E X X : Internal Code
E : SO-8EP

1 2 3 4

V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A) Package

(Top View)
XXX : Identification Code
XXX Y : Year : 0 to 9 (ex: 3 = 2023)
YWX W : Week : A to Z : week 1 to 26;
a to z : week 27 to 52; z represents
week 52 and 53
X : Internal Code

Part Number Package Identification Code

AL8862QFGEAW-7 V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A) R8Q

AL8862Q 14 of 17 July 2023

Document number: DS42199 Rev. 5 - 2 www.diodes.com © 2023 Copyright Diodes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
 AL8862Q

Package Outline Dimensions

Please see http://www.diodes.com/package-outlines.html for the latest version.

SO-8EP

SO-8EP
Dim Min Max Typ
EXPOSED PAD
F A 1.40 1.50 1.45
A1 0.00 0.13 -
b 0.30 0.50 0.40
E1

H
C 0.15 0.25 0.20
1 D 4.85 4.95 4.90
E 3.80 3.90 3.85
E0 3.85 3.95 3.90
E1 5.90 6.10 6.00
b
E
e - - 1.27
9° (A
ll sid F 2.75 3.35 3.05

Q
e)
N
7° H 2.11 2.71 2.41

C
45°

L 0.62 0.82 0.72

4° ± 3°

Gauge Plane N - - 0.35

Seating Plane Q 0.60 0.70 0.65
1
0.
A

R L All Dimensions in mm
e
A1

E0
D

V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A)

ccc C
A3
A
8x-
0.08 C Seating Plane
V-DFN3030-8/SWP
A1 Cut-off end of
(Type A)
non-functional
C bonding wire Dim Min Max Typ
aaa C

A 0.77 0.87 0.82

A1 0.00 0.05 0.03
2x-

A3 -- -- 0.203
D A b 0.25 0.35 0.30
B
D2 D 2.95 3.05 3.00
D2 2.30 2.50 2.40
e 0.65 BSC
E 2.95 3.05 3.00
Pin#1 ID k E2 1.55 1.75 1.65
k -- -- 0.29
L 0.35 0.45 0.40
E E2 z -- -- 0.375
aaa 0.25
bbb 0.10
ccc 0.10
L All Dimensions in mm
aaa C

z e b bbb C A B

AL8862Q 15 of 17 July 2023

Document number: DS42199 Rev. 5 - 2 www.diodes.com © 2023 Copyright Diodes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
 AL8862Q

Suggested Pad Layout

Please see http://www.diodes.com/package-outlines.html for the latest version.

SO-8EP

X2

Value
Dimensions
(in mm)
C 1.270
X 0.802
Y1 X1 3.502
Y2
X2 4.612
X1 Y 1.505
Y1 2.613
Y2 6.500
Y

C X

V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A)

X2
G1

G Dimensions Value (in mm)

C 0.650
G 0.190
X1 G1 0.250
X 0.400
Y2 Y1 X1 2.500
X2 2.350
Y 0.585
Y1 1.750
Y2 3.300
Y

C X

Mechanical Data
SO-8EP
 Moisture Sensitivity: Level 1 per JESD22-A113
 Terminals: Finish - Matte Tin Plated Leads, Solderable per M2003 JESD22-B102
 Weight: 0.081 grams (Approximate)

V-DFN3030-8/SWP (Type A)
 Moisture Sensitivity: Level 1 per J-STD-020
 Terminals: Finish – Matte Tin Plated Leads, Solderable per JESD22-B102
 Weight: 0.023 grams (Approximate)

AL8862Q 16 of 17 July 2023

Document number: DS42199 Rev. 5 - 2 www.diodes.com © 2023 Copyright Diodes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
 AL8862Q

IMPORTANT NOTICE

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REGARDS TO ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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described herein and application examples. Diodes does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any
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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
© 2023 Diodes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

www.diodes.com

AL8862Q 17 of 17 July 2023

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