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Low Noise Inverter for Poly Phase Microgrid System

Conference Paper · July 2016

DOI: 10.1109/ICCCE.2016.46

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 2016 International Conference on Computer & Communication Engineering

Low Noise Inverter for Poly Phase Microgrid System

Tawfikur Rahman, S. M. A. Motakabber and M. I. Ibrahimy
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
e-mail: tawfikurr@gmail.com

Abstract—The inverter is a power electronics device which sharing system between natural energy sources. The micro-
changes DC voltage to AC voltage or vice versa. The grid is a limited to a small area grouping power system
synchronous phase inverter is used in the microgrid system to consist two types of radial feeders such as sensitive-load
connect the renewable energy sources of minimum phase feeders and non-sensitive-load feeders. Commonly, the
error. For a high-efficiency power transmission and household loads are connected to the sensitive load feeder’s
distribution system, a three-phase inverter is used. The
side, and the non-sensitive-load feeders are used any fault
electronic switches of the inverter are controlled by a
controller circuit which can be a two-level pulse width
occurred, or any error fault occurred due to the main grid.
modulation (PWM), phase lock loop (PLL) controller, etc. A However, a micro-grid is confined to an open system which
fixed reference DC voltage and current generators are used for interconnects between distributed electrical energy systems,
a stable input-output voltage and current to reduce the higher such as wind power, fuel-generator and solar energy with
harmonic distortions. An LC lowpass filter has been designed storage strategies like flywheels, batteries and electric
and simulated for the input and output of the system by using capacitors rely on both high and low voltages [4]. An
MATLAB2014a. The input filter is utilized to reduce the AC electrical transmission and distributed energy system consist
ripple component in the DC input supply, and the output filter of energy storage systems, limited loads and distributed
is used to reduce the higher frequency harmonic distortion generators that can work in the household connected modes.
from the inverter output supply to maintain the IEEE Inversion is a process that changes the input DC or AC to
standard THD < 5%. A balanced microgrid star configuration output AC or DC utilizes a desired output power and
load and the input DC voltage of ± 250V have been considered frequency. An inverter circuit can perform this type of
in this design. The overall conversion efficiency of the inverter alteration. The terms voltage-bolstered and current-sustained
is 97.62% and THD <5%. The results show that the design has are used as a part of the reference to power inverter circuits.
better performance and can be used efficiently in the micro- A voltage sustained inverter is one within that the DC input
grid system. voltage or current is fundamentally consistent and free of the
load current strained. However, the inverter brings up the
Keywords-three phase inverter; inverter control; LC filter;
charging voltage through the current strained structure is
micro-grid
fixed by the load. A power inverter is a voltage source
inverter also called as voltage feed inverter, where the output
I. INTRODUCTION AC or DC waveform is a sine wave or others types of the
With the world energy demand increasing at an voltage waveform. The output voltage waveform is staying
exponential rate, the search for energy sources other than unaffected with the inverter load [5]. This characteristic
fossil fuel and gas is no more an extravagance. In spite of the makes the inverter suitable for numerous applications
fact that the fossil fuels and gas offer a short-term solution to including AC or DC power transmission in the micro-grid
this energy crisis, but these discharge CO2 and other system. The three-phase inverter consists of three single
greenhouse gas, which are not environment-friendly. phase VFI circuit. In the inversion system, filters are utilized
Renewable energy can be a long term solution. The in the inverter interface circuit to reduce harmonic. LC is one
renewable energy systems such as solar cell, wind turbine, kind of traditional filters that decrease the % THD. Indeed,
tidal energy converter, etc. are connected with the micro-grid several types PWM control systems are used as a part to
system. Micro-grid source, then again gradually substitutes reduce of higher frequency harmonic distortion. The
itself and is commonly available throughout a constant multilevel inverter is used in the better utilization of
source [1]. A renewable energy source, sunlight can be switching device because it reduces the switching losses and
directly converted into DC electrical power by using the improves the system efficiency. Therefore, it is utilized as a
solar panel or somehow collect the solar energy to convert it part of the renewable energy application [6].
into heat and generate steam to operate an electrical
generator [2]. In the case of tidal renewable energy, the wave II. INVERTER
passes through directly rotted a big propeller blades to move Figure 1 shows a three phase inverter basic which
the generator to produce the AC to DC electrical power [3]. fundamentally consists of three terminal half phase inverter.
Similarly, the other renewable energy sources are converted Three half phase inverter cannot operate in the switching
into electrical energy to supply the micro-grid systems with mode. In this inverter have nine operating modes as
the respective suitable systems. compared to six of a full phase inverters. The three
The microgrid system is important for power supply freewheeling mode of a half controlled converters appears
system because it is free, available and a small area power- only when the firing angle is larger than 60° degrees. The

978-1-5090-2427-8/16 $31.00 © 2016 IEEE 172

DOI 10.1109/ICCCE.2016.46
output waveforms of a three half phase inverter consist of a the higher harmonic frequencies from the inverter output
DC component and third harmonics of the input ripple waveform. The transformer parameters are considered in the
current, voltage and frequency. For the same input, AC simulation as, the number of winding is two (Y-Y), power
voltage and firing angle at half phase inverter has higher Pn = 1.0×e3 (VA), frequency, fn = 50Hz respectively. The
output average DC voltage compared to a full phase inverter. parameters of the winding one as, phase-to-phase voltage V1
The input AC phase current of a three phase half phase = 245(Vrms), copper resistance R1 = 100μ and inductance
inverter contains harmonics of all (odd and even) order L1 = 0.04μH. Finally, the parameters of the winding two are
except third harmonics. For the same average DC load, chosen, phase-to-phase voltage V2 = 440 (Vrms), copper
current and firing angle the half phase inverter has a better resistance, R2 = 100μ and inductance L2 = 0.04μH
input current displacement factor, but poorer distortion factor respectively. The magnetization resistance and inductance
compared to a full phase inverter. The triggering circuit of a Rm = 500μ and Lm = 500μH are considered in the design.
three-phase half controlled converter is similar to that of a The three-phase inverter consists of three legs IGBT of
full phase inverter. internal diode resistance, Ron = 1m and snubber resistance,
Rs =100k.
An inverter control method is considered by the making
of constant pulse amplitude by changing the duty and the
pulse duration. The block diagram shows of inverter control
and gate pulse generation are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 1. Basic concept of a three phase inverter circuit. Figure 3. Inverter gate pulse.

The switching controller of the inverter uses the

III. DESIGN OF A THREE PHASE INVERTER SYSTEMS reference DC input voltage, LC output voltage and current
A three-phase inverter has been designed and simulated for its operation. In this research work, a combined method
by using MATLAB2014a/Simulink. The three-phase inverter has been chosen to use PLL, DC voltage, and current
block diagram including micro-grid is shown in Figure 2. regulators, reef generation for providing the phase
synchronizing between inverter and micro-grid. The phase to
phase voltage is measured by the three phase current voltage
measurement block. In this design and simulation, only the
voltage is considered. The unit of the output voltage and
current are considered in volts and ampere respectively.
IV. FILTER DESIGN
The harmonic filter is used to reduce the ripple current,
desired output voltage and less harmonic destruction. The
LC output filter circuits which consist of inductor and
Figure 2. The inverter block diagram.
capacitor are shown in Figure 4.

A combination of a two-level PWM controller, DC

current and voltage regulator, PLL regulator, a fixed
reference voltage generator and a phase synchronization
technique has been used in this design for switching logic
control. The inverter input power source, VDC/2 has been
considered as ±250V, which is the standard output voltage
from a solar panel. Similarly, the microgrid frequency 50Hz
and modulation index 0.95 are considered in this design. The
output of the inverter is connected to an inductor branch L of
Figure 4. The inverter LC output filter.
value 60mH. The branch inductor is connected to the
primary side of a transformer, and its secondary side is
connected to the output of the LC filter. The LC filter blocks

173
 Inductor Selection: the inductor current should be
greater than or equal of the inverter maximum output current.
The inductance has a negative influence on the load response
and simply required a small value to carry out the desired
damping of the output ripple current. Choosing a large
inductor will require a similar capacitor in order to
counterbalance the substantial voltage drops caused by load
transients.

Vmax ripple XC
= (1)
VOac XC + X L (a)

X L = 2π f L (2)

Capacitor selection: the capacitance is required to reduce

the ripple voltage and current amplitude to appropriate
levels. Regarding ripple and load response, the filter should
be considered when selecting the components. The
subsequent equation is used to calculate the required values
of the filter components to carry out the required damping
ratio:
1
XC = (3)
(b)
2π f C
Where,
Vmax ripple =Maximum ripple of the filter
VOac = Listed output ripple
f = Frequency
C = Capacitance
L = Inductance
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The designed inverter circuit has been verified by
simulation using MATLAB2014a/Simulink. The design of (c)
the 3-phase inverter circuits, the switching PWM generator
has been utilized to generate the sinusoidal wave. The input
and output LC filter has been used to reduce the higher
harmonic distortion and desired ripple current. In this circuit,
the input DC voltage source is 500V, the duty factor is 0.95,
and the frequency is 50Hz. The three-phase inverter output
voltage waveform without filtering Figure 5 shows. The
blue, red and green colors represent the phase voltage of Va,
Vb, and Vc, phase-to-phase Vab and three phase voltage Vabc
respectively. (d)
From the figure, it is observed that the output voltage of
the inverter is a PWM signal and its output voltage is
approximately ±500V.

(e)
Figure 5. Inverter output wave: (a) Va, (b) Vb, (c) Vc, (d) Vab and (e) Vabc

174
 Figure 6 shows the inverter output waveform; phase-to-
phase current is around ± 4A.

(b) Phase-to-phase voltage Vbc

Figure 6. Inverter output current waveform Iabc

The inverter output voltage pulses pass through the

output lowpass LC filter which elements the higher harmonic
frequencies and generates the pure sinusoidal wave as shown (c) Phase-to-phase voltage Vca
in Figure 7 and Figure 8. In the PSI design, the simulated
results of the inverter are, phase-to-phase output voltage Vabc Figure 9. FFT analysis of the inverter output voltage
= 622.3 V and the load current Iabc = 2.3A.
Figure 10 and Figure 11 shows the FFT analysis after
filtering of the output voltage and current waveforms. From
the simulation results, the rest of them harmonic are reducing
which is 0.06 % THD.

Figure 7. Output voltage waveform.

Figure 10. FFT analysis of the output voltage

Figure 8. Output current waveform.

Figure 9 shows the FFT analysis of the design inverter

output voltage without filtering. From the figure, it is found
that the phase-to-phase voltages, Vab,Vbc and Vca are about
52.5 dB, 53.2 dB and 54.2 dB respectively and the THD is
about 69%. Figure 11. FFT analysis of the output current.

VI. CONCLUSIONS
In inverter based micro-grid system in interface circuit,
especially in switching PWM controller and output filter are
the major problems in this design. Due to the power loss of
the circuit switching frequency, the reduction of the overall
system efficiency occurred. However, the design became
unable to avoid the reduction of the higher harmonic
(a) Phase-to-phase voltage Vab distortion, same as desired output ripple current by
introducing LC output filter based inverter phenomenon

175
 which increases the overall system efficiency which is 97.62
%. The simulation result shows that the value of THD is
.06% an acceptable level of IEEE standard <5%. As
indicated by our prediction, the 3-phase inverter is
appropriate for applications where the AC voltage as an
output needs to be higher than DC as an input and
economically feasible.
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