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    Assignment No 1 D

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    danishbiggest124
    Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which most commonly infects the lungs. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. TB has significant economic impacts, including lost income while sick, which can represent 20-30% of annual household income on average. Bovine tuberculosis also causes economic losses in livestock. Common symptoms include prolonged cough, chest pain, weakness and weight loss. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken daily for 4-6 months. Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with active TB cases and maintaining a strong immune system.

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    Assignment No 1 D

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    Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which most commonly infects the lungs. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. TB has significant economic impacts, including lost income while sick, which can represent 20-30% of annual household income on average. Bovine tuberculosis also causes economic losses in livestock. Common symptoms include prolonged cough, chest pain, weakness and weight loss. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken daily for 4-6 months. Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with active TB cases and maintaining a strong immune system.

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    Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which most commonly infects the lungs. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. TB has significant economic impacts, including lost income while sick, which can represent 20-30% of annual household income on average. Bovine tuberculosis also causes economic losses in livestock. Common symptoms include prolonged cough, chest pain, weakness and weight loss. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken daily for 4-6 months. Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with active TB cases and maintaining a strong immune system.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views4 pages

    Assignment No 1 D

    Uploaded by

    danishbiggest124
    Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, which most commonly infects the lungs. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or speak. TB has significant economic impacts, including lost income while sick, which can represent 20-30% of annual household income on average. Bovine tuberculosis also causes economic losses in livestock. Common symptoms include prolonged cough, chest pain, weakness and weight loss. Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics taken daily for 4-6 months. Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with active TB cases and maintaining a strong immune system.

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    Assignment no.

    Submitted to:
    Dr. Muhammad Zubair-Ul-Hasan Arslan

    Submitted by:
    Areeba Arshad (LSCI211103081)

    Class:
    Bs ZOOLOGY 5th

    Subject:
    ZOOL-4113-Economic Zoology

    Topic:
    tuberculosis

    Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information


    Technology
    What is the definition of tuberculosis in biology?

    Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis


    (Mtb) bacteria. It is spread through the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat
    coughs, speaks or sings, and people nearby breathe in these bacteria and become infected

    What are the economic impacts of tuberculosis?


    The largest indirect cost of TB for a patient is income lost by being too sick to work. Studies
    suggest that on average three to four months of work time are lost, resulting in average lost
    potential earnings of 20% to 30% of annual household income

    Why is tuberculosis in animals economically important?


    Bovine tuberculosis is among the primary zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis
    which has significant impact on the health of livestock and human. It has been significantly a
    cause for great economic loss in animal production.

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria
    usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney,
    spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick

    Symptoms
    Common symptoms of TB:

     prolonged cough (sometimes with blood)


     chest pain
     weakness
     fatigue
     weight loss
     fever
     night sweats
    The symptoms people get depend on where in the body TB becomes active. While TB usually
    affects the lungs, it also affects the kidneys, brain, spine and skin

    What are the symptoms of TB in the lungs?


    The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever,
    and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain,
    and the coughing up of blood

    Medical treatments
    The most common antibiotics used are:

     isoniazid
     rifampin
     pyrazinamide
     ethambutol
     streptomycin

    To be effective, these medications need to be taken daily for 4-6 months. It is dangerous to stop
    the medications early or without medical advice. This can allow TB that is still alive to become
    resistant to the drugs.

    Tuberculosis that doesn’t respond to standard drugs is called drug-resistant TB and requires
    more toxic treatment with different medicines

    Tuberculosis disease is treated with antibiotics. Treatment is recommended for both TB


    infection and disease

    What are 4 ways to prevent tuberculosis?


     Tips to prevent TB infection
     Avoid close contact with people who have active TB disease.
     Wash your hands often and cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing.
     Eat a nutritious diet and exercise regularly to keep your immune system strong.
    Follow these steps to help prevent tuberculosis infection and spread:

    Seek medical attention if you have symptoms like prolonged cough, fever and unexplained
    weight loss as early treatment for TB can help stop the spread of disease and improve your
    chances of recovery

    Get tested for TB infection if you are at increased risk, such as if you have HIV or are in contact
    with people who have TB in your household or your workplace

    If prescribed treatment to prevent TB, complete the full course

    If you have TB, practice good hygiene when coughing, including avoiding contact with other
    people and wearing a mask, covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and
    disposing of sputum and used tissues properly

    References:
    Source: World Health Organization
    https://www.webmd.com

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