CableCALC BS 7671 Reference Manual
CableCALC BS 7671 Reference Manual
CableCALC BS 7671 Reference Manual
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Table of contents 1 Load .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Power/Current ................................................................................................. 3 Entering load as a power .......................................................................... 3 Entering load as a current ........................................................................ 4 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
Efficiency ........................................................................................................ 4 Power factor .................................................................................................... 4 Circuit arrangement ......................................................................................... 4 Voltage ............................................................................................................ 5 Voltage drop (%) ............................................................................................. 5 Length.............................................................................................................. 5 Upstream fault level ........................................................................................ 5 Source impedance, Ze ...................................................................................... 6 Frequency ........................................................................................................ 6 System grounding............................................................................................ 7 TN grounding ........................................................................................... 7 TT grounding ........................................................................................... 7
Supply .................................................................................................................... 5
Correction factors................................................................................................... 8 Ambient temperature, Ca ................................................................................. 8 Depth of burial, Cb .......................................................................................... 9 Overload for buried cables, Cc ........................................................................ 9 Type of overcurrent protection, Cd .................................................................. 9 Grouping, Cg.................................................................................................. 10 Thermal insulation, Ci ................................................................................... 11 1
CableCALC Pro BS 7671 - Reference Manual 3.7 3.8 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 6 7
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Thermal resistivity of soil, Cs ........................................................................ 11 Resetting all correction factors ...................................................................... 11 Protection provided ....................................................................................... 12 Type of circuit protective device ................................................................... 12 Fault clearing times ....................................................................................... 13
Protection ............................................................................................................. 12
Cable .................................................................................................................... 13 Installation............................................................................................................ 13 Specifying conductor size and no. of parallel circuits ......................................... 14 7.1 7.2 Phase cable sizes ........................................................................................... 14 Earth cable sizes ............................................................................................ 14
8 9
Calculation checks ............................................................................................... 15 Support and technical services ............................................................................. 16 Installation methods reference ........................................................... 17
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1 Load
The Load tab contains fields for the user to enter details about the current or power drawn by the electrical load(s) as well as the type of circuit arrangement which the load is connected.
1.1 Power/Current
Enter the value of the load as either a power or current value, where the units are in kW or Amperes respectively.
Ib Single-phase load:
Ib
P *1000 V * ( / 100)
P *1000 V pn * p. f . * ( / 100)
Three-phase load:
Ib
Where: P V Vpn Vpp p.f.
P *1000 3 * V pp * p. f . * ( / 100)
Power entered by the user (kW) Efficiency (%) D.C. voltage (V) A.C. phase-to-neutral voltage (V) A.C. phase-to-phase voltage (V) Power factor
Note only calculated circuit design load current will appear in the report.
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1.2 Efficiency
Load efficiency is entered as a percentage from 1 to 100 %. This value will scale the design load current for both loads entered as power and loads entered as current. For example, for a load entered as 100 A with an efficiency of 90 % the design load current is calculated as follows: Ib current 100 111.11A efficiency(%) / 100 0.9
Note an efficiency value of 100 % (default) will not scale the load current.
D.O.L. Motor Star-Delta Sizes the cable between the motor starter and the motor terminals. Motor
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2 Supply
2.1 Voltage
Voltage at the point of supply for a circuit is entered as a phase-to-neutral voltage for a single phase supply or a phase-to-phase voltage for a three phase supply or simply as voltage for a D.C. supply. A value for voltage can be entered between 1 up to 1000 V.
2.3 Length
Enter a value for Length (m) of the cable run from the location of the protective device up to the termination of the load. For a ring circuit this is the length of the cable up to the furthest point only.
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(i.e. the higher the upstream fault level the higher the prospective fault current which will result in a larger conductor size to satisfy the adiabatic equation). A value of zero assumes an infinite fault current source at the point of supply. Under certain cases (i.e. short Length (m) with high Upstream Fault Level (kA) the size of the minimum conductor size may be dictated by short-circuit performance. To reduce the influence of short-circuit performance on the size of the cable enter a low value (i.e. 1 kA) for Upstream Fault Level (kA). The short-circuit withstand capability of a protective device should exceed the value entered for upstream fault level.
2.6 Frequency
Operating frequency for an A.C. source of supply can be varied between 49 to 61 Hz. Typical values for A.C. are either 50 Hz or 60 Hz. For D.C. supplies this value does not apply as the frequency is 0 Hz.
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2.7.1 TN grounding
In a TN earthing system one of the points in the generator or transformer is connected with earth (usually the star point in a three-phase system). The body of the electrical device is connected with earth via the earth connection made at the supply.
Figure 1. TN Grounding
TN-C-S: combined PEN conductor from transformer to building distribution point, but separate PE and N conductors in fixed indoor wiring and flexible power cords. TN-S: separate protective earth (PE) and neutral (N) conductors from transformer to consuming device, which are not connected together at any point after the building distribution point.
2.7.2 TT grounding
In a TT earthing system, the protective earth connection of the consumer is provided by a local connection to earth, independent of any earth connection at the generator.
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Figure 2. TT Grounding
3 Correction factors
Numerous correction factors can be determined within the program depending on installation conditions. Simple wizard programs are provided for certain correction factors whereas for others these are automatically (in accordance with the Standards) determined by the program depending on the user inputs. All correction factors are then combined (multiplied) to achieve an overall correction factor which is used for de-rating of the cable(s). Only those correction factors which are relevant to the cable type and installation selected are available for the user to change, otherwise they are set to default (1). Note: Correction factor values change depending on the installation method. For example, the ambient temperature correction factor (Ca) for Method C at 40 C is 0.87 whereas for Method D at 40 C it is 0.77. If a correction factor(s) has been calculated for a particular installation method and that method is subsequently changed by the user then the correction factor needs to be recalculated.
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Note the default (Ca = 1) ambient temperature for buried cables (Method D) is 20 C. For all other installation methods the default is 30 C. These are accepted values for the U.K. however these may not apply for all regions.
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Then a correction factor Cd = 0.725 is automatically applied. This allows for the same degree of protection for fuses to BS 3036 which is afforded by other devices. Refer to Section 4 of Appendix 4 in BS 7671:2008(2011).
3.5 Grouping, Cg
Where a number of circuits are installed in the same group in free air, on a surface, buried direct, in ducts, or within the same sheath or wiring enclosure, in such a way they are not independently cooled by the ambient air or the ground the a correction factor for grouping Cg is applicable. The value for Cg is dependent on (a) the type of cable; and (b) the method of installation. The figure below shows how Cg is calculated for Method C.
Note: Group correction factors are applicable to groups consisting of similar equally loaded cables. Group correction factors Cg has been calculated on the basis of prolonged steady-state operation at a 100 % load factor for all live conductors. Where the loading of adjacent circuits is less than 100 % then Cg may be higher (nearer to 1). Where cables of different temperature ratings are grouped, they should be rated at a rating appropriate to the cable with the lowest temperature rating. For mineral insulated cables not exposed to touch then no correction factor for grouping need be applied.
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4 Protection
4.1 Protection provided
Choose whether the selected over-current protective device shall provide (a) Overload and Short-circuit protection; or (b) Short-circuit protection only. The intended function of the over-current protective device determines whether the nominal tripping current In (case (a) above) or the load current Ib (case (b) above) is used for sizing of the cable.
Description
Type(s)
Standard
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCBO) Cartridge Fuse Rewireable Fuse Tips:
Comments Withdrawn in 1994. Included for the verification of existing circuits and information.
The protective device which is currently chosen may sometimes be hidden within the tree control. Right-click the tree control and select Open All Items. Hold the cursor over the tree control to display information about the protection settings (i.e. type, nominal, conventional and instantaneous tripping currents) for the device which is currently selected.
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5 Cable
All of the different cables covered by BS 7671 are included within the program. Cable types include thermoplastic (circular and flat), thermosetting (including flexible), flexible cords and mineral insulated cables. Both copper and aluminium conductors, single and multi-core, armoured and nonarmoured cables are included.
6 Installation
All of the installation methods covered by BS 7671 are included within the program. Refer to Appendix A for a reference list with descriptions of installation methods. Notes: The installation methods displayed will change with changes to parameters such as the cable insulation type and other parameters under the Cable tab.
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8 Calculation checks
Checks are performed for each there is a calculation. These checks (see Table X) help the user to ensure compliance with BS 7671 requirements. Warnings are displayed whenever the calculation checks determine there is an issue. When they arise the user should review the warnings and make appropriate changes to the program inputs to resolve the issues.
Table 2. Calculation checks and possible fixes Calculation checks Fail condition Protective device rating (In) design load In < Ib current (Ib) Protective device rating (In) effective In > Iz current capacity of cable (Iz) Effective current capacity of cable (Iz) design load current (Ib) Actual voltage drop (Vda) permissible voltage drop (Vdp) (Note 1) Actual earth loop impedance (Zs) device earth loop impedance (Zdev) Short-circuit performance of phase conductor is adequate Iz < Ib Vda > Vdp Zs > Zdev Smin < phase conductor size
Possible fixes - Increase In Reduce In Increase size of phase conductor Increase size of phase conductor Increase size of phase conductor Increase size of earth conductor Reduce In Reduce Short-circuit clearing time Reduce Upstream Fault Level (Note 2) Increase size of phase conductor Reduce Earth fault clearing time Increase Source Impedance, Ze (Note 3) Increase size of earth conductor
Notes: 1. Applicable when Use VD? is selected. 2. This will reduce phase-to-neutral short-circuit level. 3. This will reduce phase-to-earth short-circuit level.
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Multicore cable in conduit in a thermally insulated wall with an inner skin having a thermal conductance of not less than 10 W/m2K Multicore cable direct in a thermally insulated wall with an inner skin has a thermal conductance of not less than 10 W/m2K Non-sheathed cables in conduit on a wooden or masonry wall or spaced less than 0.3 x conduit diameter from it Multicore cable in conduit on a wooden or masonry wall or spaced less than 0.3 x conduit diameter from it Non-sheathed cables in cable trunking on a wooden or masonry wall run horizontally Non-sheathed cables in cable trunking on a wooden or masonry wall run vertically Multicore cable in cable trunking on a wooden or masonry wall run horizontally
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Description Method Multicore cable in cable trunking on a wooden or masonry wall run B vertically
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Non-sheathed cables in conduit or single-core or multicore cables in architrave Non-sheathed cables in conduit or single-core or multicore cables in window frames
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Description Method Single-core or multicore cables: fixed on (clipped direct), or spaced C less that 0.3 x cable diameter from a wooden or masonry wall
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Single-core or multicore cables: fixed directly under a wooden or masonry ceiling Single-core or multicore cables: spaced from a ceiling
22
30
Single-core or multicore cables: on unperforated tray run horizontally or vertically Single-core or multicore cables: on perforated tray run horizontally or vertically
31
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Description Method Single-core or multicore cables: on perforated tray run horizontally or vertically
31
32
Single-core or multicore cables: on brackets or on a wire mesh tray run horizontally or vertically Single-core or multicore cables: on brackets or on a wire mesh tray run horizontally or vertically
32
Fs
33
Single-core or multicore cables: spaced more than 0.3 times the cable diameter from a wall Single-core or multicore cables: spaced more than 0.3 times the cable diameter from a wall Single-core or multicore cables: spaced more than 0.3 times the cable diameter from a wall
33
33
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34
35
Single-core or multicore cables suspended from or incorporating a support wire or harness Single-core or multicore cables suspended from or incorporating a support wire or harness Bare or non-sheathed cables on insulators Single-core or multicore cable in a building void Non-sheathed cables in conduit in a building void in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W Single-core or multicore cable in conduit in a building void in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W Non-sheathed cables in cable ducting in a building void in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2
35
36 40
G B
41
42
43
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Method
44
Single-core or multicore cable in cable ducting in a building void in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W Non-sheathed cables in cable ducting in masonry having a thermals resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W Single-core or multicore cable in cable ducting in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W Single-core or multicore cable: in a ceiling void or in a suspended floor Non-sheathed cables in flush cable trunking in the floor Multicore cable in flush cable trunking in the floor Non-sheathed cables in flush trunking
45
46
47 50 51
B B B
52
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Method
53
54
Non-sheathed cables or single-core cables in conduit in an unventilated cable channel run horizontally or vertically Non-sheathed cables in conduit in an open or ventilated cable channel in the floor Sheathed single-core or multicore cable in an open or ventilated cable channel run horizontally or vertically Single-core or multicore cable direct in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W without added mechanical protection
55
56
57
58
Single-core or multicore cable direct in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W with added mechanical protection (e.g. cable capping)
59
Non-sheathed cables or single core cables in conduit in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W
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Method
60
Description Multicore cables in conduit in masonry having a thermal resistivity not greater than 2 K.m/W
70
Multicore unarmoured cable in conduit or in cable ducting in the ground Single-core unarmoured cable in conduit or in cable ducting in the ground Sheathed, armoured or multicore cables direct in the ground without added mechanical protection Sheathed, armoured or multicore cables direct in the ground with added mechanical protection (e.g. cable covers) Flat twin and earth cable clipped direct to a wooden joist above a plasterboard ceiling with a minimum U value of 0.1 W/m2K and with thermal insulation not exceeding 100 mm in thickness Flat twin and earth cable clipped direct to a wooden joist above a plasterboard ceiling with a minimum U value of 0.1 W/m2K and with thermal insulation exceeding 100 mm in thickness Flat twin and earth cable in a stud wall with thermal insulation with a minimum U value of 0.1 W/m2K with the cable touching the inner wall surface Flat twin and earth cable in a stud wall with thermal insulation with a minimum U value of 0.1 W/m2K with the cable not touching the inner wall surface
71
72
73
100
100
101
101
102
102
103
103
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