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Sixth Term Examination Papers 9465

MATHEMATICS 1 Afternoon

MONDAY 18 JUNE 2012 Time: 3 hours

  

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Section A: Pure Mathematics

1 The line L has equation y = c − mx, with m > 0 and c > 0. It passes through the point
R(a, b) and cuts the axes at the points P (p, 0) and Q(0, q), where a, b, p and q are all positive.
Find p and q in terms of a, b and m.

As L varies with R remaining fixed, show that the minimum value of the sum of the distances
1 1
of P and Q from the origin is (a 2 + b 2 )2 , and find in a similar form the minimum distance
between P and Q. (You may assume that any stationary values of these distances are minima.)

2 (i) Sketch the curve y = x4 − 6x2 + 9 giving the coordinates of the stationary points.
Let n be the number of distinct real values of x for which

x4 − 6x2 + b = 0.

State the values of b, if any, for which (a) n = 0 ; (b) n = 1 ; (c) n = 2 ; (d) n = 3 ;
(e) n = 4 .

(ii) For which values of a does the curve y = x4 − 6x2 + ax + b have a point at which both
dy d2 y
= 0 and = 0?
dx dx2
For these values of a, find the number of distinct real values of x for which

x4 − 6x2 + ax + b = 0 ,

in the different cases that arise according to the value of b.

(iii) Sketch the curve y = x4 − 6x2 + ax in the case a > 8 .

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3 (i) Sketch the curve y = sin x for 0  x  12 π and add to your diagram the tangent to
the curve at the origin and the chord joining the origin to the point (b, sin b), where
0 < b < 12 π.
By considering areas, show that

1 − 12 b2 < cos b < 1 − 12 b sin b .

(ii) By considering the curve y = ax , where a > 1, show that

2(a − 1) √
< ln a < −1 + 2a − 1 .
a+1

[Hint: You may wish to write ax as ex ln a .]

 
4 The curve C has equation xy = 12 . The tangents to C at the distinct points P p, 1 and
  2p
Q q, 1 , where p and q are positive, intersect at T and the normals to C at these points
2q
intersect at N . Show that T is the point
 
2pq 1
, .
p+q p+q

In the case pq = 12 , find the coordinates of N . Show (in this case) that T and N lie on the
line y = x and are such that the product of their distances from the origin is constant.

5 Show that  1
π
4 1
sin(2x) ln(cos x) dx = (ln 2 − 1) ,
0 4
and that  1
π
4 1
cos(2x) ln(cos x) dx = (π − ln 4 − 2) .
0 8

Hence evaluate  1
2
π    
cos(2x) + sin(2x) ln cos x + sin x dx .
1
4
π

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6 A thin circular path with diameter AB is laid on horizontal ground. A vertical flagpole is
erected with its base at a point D on the diameter AB. The angles of elevation of the top
of the flagpole from A and B are α and β respectively (both are acute). The point C lies on
the circular path with DC perpendicular to AB and the angle of elevation of the top of the
flagpole from C is φ. Show that cot α cot β = cot2 φ.

Show that, for any p and q,

cos p cos q sin2 12 (p + q) − sin p sin q cos2 12 (p + q) = 1

2 cos(p + q) − 12 cos(p + q) cos(p − q).

Deduce that, if p and q are positive and p + q  12 π, then

cot p cot q  cot2 12 (p + q)

and hence show that φ  12 (α + β) when α + β  12 π .

7 A sequence of numbers t0 , t1 , t2 , . . . satisfies

tn+2 = ptn+1 + qtn (n  0),

where p and q are real. Throughout this question, x, y and z are non-zero real num-
bers.

(i) Show that, if tn = x for all values of n, then p + q = 1 and x can be any (non-zero) real
number.

(ii) Show that, if t2n = x and t2n+1 = y for all values of n, then q ± p = 1. Deduce that
either x = y or x = −y, unless p and q take certain values that you should identify.

(iii) Show that, if t3n = x, t3n+1 = y and t3n+2 = z for all values of n, then

p3 + q 3 + 3pq − 1 = 0 .

Deduce that either p + q = 1 or (p − q)2 + (p + 1)2 + (q + 1)2 = 0. Hence show that

either x = y = z or x + y + z = 0.

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8 (i) Show that substituting y = xv, where v is a function of x, in the differential equation

dy
xy + y 2 − 2x2 = 0 (x = 0)
dx
leads to the differential equation
dv
xv + 2v 2 − 2 = 0 .
dx
Hence show that the general solution can be written in the form

x2 (y 2 − x2 ) = C ,

where C is a constant.

(ii) Find the general solution of the differential equation

dy
y + 6x + 5y = 0 (x = 0).
dx

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Section B: Mechanics

9 A tall shot-putter projects a small shot from a point 2.5 m above the ground, which is horizon-
tal. The speed of projection is 10 m s−1 and the angle of projection is θ above the horizontal.
Taking the acceleration due to gravity to be 10 m s−2 , show that the time, in seconds, that
elapses before the shot hits the ground is
1 √ √ 
√ 1−c+ 2−c ,
2
where c = cos 2θ.
1
Find an expression for the range in terms of c and show that it is greatest when c = 5 .

Show that the extra

√ distance
√ attained by projecting the shot at this angle rather than at an
angle of 45◦ is 5( 6 − 2 − 1) m.

10 I stand at the top of a vertical well. The depth of the well, from the top to the surface of
the water, is D. I drop a stone from the top of the well and measure the time that elapses
between the release of the stone and the moment when I hear the splash of the stone entering
the water.

In order to gauge the depth of the well, I climb a distance δ down into the well and drop a
stone from my new position. The time until I hear the splash is t less than the previous time.
Show that  
2D 2(D − δ) δ
t= − + ,
g g u
where u is the (constant) speed of sound. Hence show that

D = 12 gT 2 ,

1 δ δ
where T = β + and β = t − .
2 βg u
1
Taking u = 300 m s−1 and g = 10 m s−2 , show that if t = 5 s and δ = 10 m, the well is
approximately 185 m deep.

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11 The diagram shows two particles, A of mass 5m and B of mass 3m, connected by a light
inextensible string which passes over two smooth, light, fixed pulleys, Q and R, and under a
smooth pulley P which has mass M and is free to move vertically.
7
Particles A and B lie on fixed rough planes inclined to the horizontal at angles of arctan 24 and
4
arctan 3 respectively. The segments AQ and RB of the string are parallel to their respective
planes, and segments QP and P R are vertical. The coefficient of friction between each particle
and its plane is μ.

Q R

A
B

(i) Given that the system is in equilibrium, with both A and B on the point of moving up
their planes, determine the value of μ and show that M = 6m.

(ii) In the case when M = 9m, determine the initial accelerations of A, B and P in terms
of g.

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Section C: Probability and Statistics

12 Fire extinguishers may become faulty at any time after manufacture and are tested annually
on the anniversary of manufacture.

The time T years after manufacture until a fire extinguisher becomes faulty is modelled by
the continuous probability density function
⎧
⎪ 2t
⎨ 2 2
for t  0 ,
f(t) = (1 + t )
⎪
⎩
0 otherwise.

A faulty fire extinguisher will fail an annual test with probability p, in which case it is destroyed
immediately. A non-faulty fire extinguisher will always pass the test. All of the annual tests
are independent.

Show that the probability that a randomly chosen fire extinguisher will be destroyed exactly
three years after its manufacture is p(5p2 − 13p + 9)/10.

Find the probability that a randomly chosen fire extinguisher that was destroyed exactly three
years after its manufacture was faulty 18 months after its manufacture.

13 I choose at random an integer in the range 10000 to 99999, all choices being equally likely.
Given that my choice does not contain the digits 0, 6, 7, 8 or 9, show that the expected number
of different digits in my choice is 3.3616.

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