xii

academic standards in other countries, and it has become more important

than ever for educators to encourage graduation and further education.

Figure 1 The Conceptual Model of the Study shows the independent variable

which are the social media addiction, exposure and use of social media while the

Impact of Social
independent Media
variable Academic performance
shows the academic performance of the students.

 Social Media Addiction

 Drop-out rate
 Exposure
 Increased academic pressure
 Use

Figure 1 The Conceptual Model of the Study

 xii

Significance of the Study

The objective of this study was to determine how social media affects the

learning development of the students. With this information given, the study would be

useful to the following:

Teachers. This would give them information on how social media affects the

learning development of the students.

Students. This would give them information and awareness about how social

media affects in their learning development.

Parents. This would give them information about their child’s status regarding

on how social media influenced their child.

Future Researchers. This would provide baseline information for future

researchers to conduct additional study using different variables.

Definition of Terms

As words may mean differently in different contexts, the following definitions

are given as the words used as intended to be understood for the purpose of this

study.

Social Media: They are forms of electronic communication which facilitate

interactive base on certain interests. Social media include web and mobile

technology.

Social Networking Sites: A website where people put information about them

and can send to others, are virtual communities where users can create individual

public profiles, interact with real-life friends, and meet other people based on shared

interests.

Media: They are messages communicated through a mass medium to a number

of people.
 xii

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This part of the study will be discussing the relevant literatures that the

researchers have found in connection with the study.

Social Media Addiction

Social Media play a crucial role in learning environments as a key

communicational channel and a source of social support. Many social networking

websites, such as Edmodo, are specifically designed for learning. Social media have

many advantages in learning as they provide wide access to information and

information resources, reduce barriers to group interaction and telecommunications ,

support collaborative learning activities , encourage learners to learn more about

self-learning , increase engagement and learner’s motivation , enhance engagement

of learners with each other and their teachers and support active and social learning.

In general, the emergence of new technologies such as internet and social networks,

in addition to providing opportunities in facilitating and improving the quality of global

communications, has created some threats. When the use of social networks is

managed poorly, they can have negative consequences at the individual and social

levels. Social media addiction is one of the consequences that many social network

users may experience. Thus, the extensive use of social networks is a new form of

soft addiction (Jafari , 2018).

There are many different theories about the addiction to internet and social

networks. The most important theories include dynamic psychology theory, social

control theory, behavioral explanation, biomedical explanation, and cognitive

explanation. According to dynamic psychology theory, the roots of social networking

 xii

addiction are in the psychological shocks or emotional deficiencies in childhood,

personality traits, and psychosocial status. According to the social control theory,

since addiction varies in terms of age, sex, economic status, and nationality, certain

types of addiction are more likely to be found in certain groups of society than in

other groups. The theory of behavioral explanation believes that, a person uses

social networks for rewards such as escaping reality and entertainment. Based on

the biomedical explanation theory, the presence of some chromosomes or

hormones, or the lack of certain chemicals that regulate brain activity, are effective in

addiction. According to the cognitive explanation theory, social networking addiction

is due to faulty cognition, and people tend to use social networks to escape from

internal and external problems. In general, addiction to social networking is classified

as a form of cyber-relationship addiction (Rodriguez , 2012).

Social media addiction refers to mental concern over the use of social

networks and the allocation of time to these networks in such way that, it affects

other social activities of individuals such as occupational and professional activities,

interpersonal relationships and health leading to disruption of their life. Social media

has a negative impact on physical and psychological health and causes behavioral

disorders , depression , anxiety and mania . In this regard, results of a study on

German students (2017) showed a positive relationship between addiction to

facebook, with narcissism character, depression, anxiety and stress .It is believed

that addiction to social networking is higher in people with anxiety, stress, depression

and low self-esteem . Grifith suggests that addictive behavior is a behavior that has

certain characteristics such as salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal

symptoms, conflict, and relapse .Addictive behavior refers to repeated habits that

increase the risk of a disease or social problems in a person. Over the past decade,
 xii

addictive behaviors, such as overuse of internet or social networks, have become a

part of everyday life of students. Social networking addiction includes the

characteristics such as ignoring the real problems of life, neglecting oneself, mood

swing, concealing addictive behaviors, and having mental concerns .In this regard,

signs and symptoms of addiction to social networking can include experiencing

disturbances in day-to-day work and activities, spending more than one hour a day

on social networks, being curios to see the old friends’ profiles, ignoring work and

daily activities due to the use of social networks, and feeling anxious and stressed

due to the lack of access to social networks (Raniere , 2017).

Evidence suggests that many factors are associated with addiction to internet

and social networks. Among these factors are online shopping, dating, gaming and

entertainment, using mobile phones for access to internet, searching for

pornographic images, user personality trails, and low self-esteem .Students are one

of the most important users of the virtual world and social networks. The overuse of

social networks has positive and negative academic, social, and health

consequences for the students. Reduced academic performance is one of the most

important consequences of social networking overuse for students. The results of a

study on medical students showed that students who used social networks and

internet more than average had a poor academic achievement and low level of

concentration in the classroom. The results of another study on Qatari students

showed that Grade Point Average (GPA) was lower among students who were

addicted to social networking compared to other students. The results of a study in

India showed that internet and social networking addiction had a negative effect on

academic performance and mental health of students. The results of a Korean study
 xii

revealed a negative correlation between the use of internet for non-academic

purposes and academic performance of students (Grifith , 2005).

Social network websites grab attention of the students and then diverts it

towards non-educational and inappropriate actions including useless chatting.

Whereas on the other hand, they reviewed that the students are socially connected

with each other for sharing their daily learning experiences and do conversation on

several topics. Authors argued that extracurricular activities and academic activities

are not enough to satisfy some student those who are suffered by social networking

isolation. This shows that social networks are beneficial for the students as it

contributes in their learning experiences as well as in their academic life (Tinto ,

1997).

The Internet is no doubt evolution of technology but specifically social

networks are extremely unsafe for teenagers, social networks become hugely

common and well-known in past few years. According to Cain (2009) social network

websites provide ease of connecting people to one another; free of cost and after

connecting one can post news, informative material and other things including videos

and pictures etc. ( Trusov , Bucklin, & Pauwels , 2009).

The use of social media approximately 30 minutes throughout the day as a

part of their daily routine life. This statement shows the importance of social

networking websites in students’ life. They revealed through a survey that students

strongly recommend social networking websites to stay in touch with friends to keep

informed and aware. Social information processing theory is an interpersonal

communication theory which suggests that online interpersonal relationship

development might require more time to develop than face-to-face relationships, but

when developed, it has the same influence as face-to-face communication. This

 xii

means, the more students use social media, the more they influence their disposition

to studies, given the fact that friends from social media will begin to exert influence

on each other (Ellison et al , 2007).

The other author observed that the bone of contention of the social media is

the obsessive attitude of Nigerian youths towards its use. He pointed out that

students waste their time through idle chats and other immoral acts. Students are so

engrossed in the social media networks that they are almost 24 hours online. Even in

classrooms and lecture theatres, it has been observed that some students are

always busy pinging, going or Facebooking, while lectures are on. The result is that

quality time that ought to be spent on academic research and other productive

networking is lost (Olubiyi , 2012).

Exposure on Social Media

It has been observed in recent times that students have unlimited access to

the internet as well as the social media. Students connect with computer to send and

receive information’s anywhere on the globe. The manufacturing and distribution of

equally sophisticated cellular phones has complicated the situation, as students no

longer need to visit a cybercafé before they send and receive messages. Some

school are so equipped that there is internet connection made available within the

school premises as well as in the library (unlike, the Wi-Fi of UNIOSUN). Online

Wikipedia and blogs are the main resource centers for students as attention have

been shifted from making research in the library to overall dependence on theses

social platforms. It is a common thing to see a student reading in the library and

putting the books aside on hearing the sound of a ping on the phone. According to a

joint study by Campus Careers and Study Breaks on the use of mobile devices

among students discovered that, an average undergraduate spend 3.6 hours a day
 xii

with their cell phones and smartphones, while spending less time with computers,

TV’s, handheld gaming devices and e-readers. Social networking websites provide

tools by which people can communicate, share information, and create new

relationships. With the popularity of social networking websites on the rise, our social

interaction is affected in multiple ways as we adapt to our increasingly technological

world, the way web users interact and talk to each other has changed and continues

to change. These users now socialize through the internet and it takes away from the

person socialization that has been around forever. Social networking websites have

affected our social interaction by changing the way we interact face-to-face, how we

receive information, and the dynamics of our social groups and friendships (Asur and

Huberman, 2010).

Use of Social Media

Social media are a collection of internet websites, services, and practices that

support collaboration, community building, participation, and sharing”. The growing

dimension of the use of social media among the youth of today cannot be over

emphasized. Over the years, social networking among second cycle students has

become more and more popular. It is a way to make connection not only on campus,

but with friends outside of school. Social networking is a way that helps many people

feels as though they belong to a community. Due to the increased popularity of it,

economists and professors are questioning whether grades of students are not being

affected by how much time is spend on these sites (Choney, 2010).

Social network users are 18-29 years old and have a personal profile on

multiple social media websites, the amount of time spent daily on social network

sites varied greatly. However, an analysis of the data indicated most participants

spent approximately thirty minutes a day socializing, mostly during the evening hours
 xii

between 9p.m to 12a.m students spent an average of forty seven minutes a day on

Facebook. More than 50% of college students go on a social networking sites

several times a day, found that 82% of college students reported logging into

Facebook several times a day. Facebook more frequently than older students to

keep in touch with friends from high school or from their hometown (Mizouni , 2015).

Many researchers studies on students’ use of the social media sites revealed

a negative effect of the use of social media sites on students ’academic

performance. Nielsen Media Research study conducted in June 2010 stated that

almost 25% of students’ time on the internet is spent on social networking sites .The

American Educational Research Association conducted a research and declared at

its annual conference in San Diego California (2009),that social media users study

less and generate lower grade. San Miguel (2009), focused on the relationship

between time spent on Facebook and the academic performance of students

(Abaleta et al, 2014).

The overall findings indicated “more time on Facebook equals slightly lower

grades”. In his study, the average facebook user had a GPA of 3.0 to 3.5, while the

non facebook user had a GPA of 3.5 - 4.0. Also, the average facebook user study for

1 – 5 hours per week, while the non facebook user would study 11 – 15 hours per

week Enriquez (2010), revealed that students who multi-task between social

networking sites and work are likely to have 20% lower grades than a student who

does not have a social networking site. He believes that even running a social

networking site on the background on a student’s PC while studying or doing

homework could lower a student’s grade. He believes that “the problem is that most

people have Facebook or other social networking sites, their e-mails and may be
 xii

instant messaging constantly running in the background while they are carrying out

their tasks (Jacobsen & Forste , 2011).

Impairment of educational performance and internet dependency are

correlated by utilizing synchronous communication programme including internet

sites and forums ,they found a negative relationship between the use of various

media, including mobile phones, and self-reported GPA among first year university

students in the United States. In Taiwan, identified an association between mobile

phone use and respondents and report that respondents have allowed phone use to

interfere with their academic activities. Similarly, reported that daily use of mobile

phones is correlated with self-reported measure of academic difficulty among a

sample of Taiwanese university students. In a survey of Spanish high school

students found a correlation between “intensive” mobile phone use and school failure

(Sanchez-Martinz and Otero , 2009).

However, other conducted on the same topic revealed no correlation

between social media and students’ academic performance. A study conducted at

Whittemore school of Business and Economic on one thousand, one hundred and

twenty seven students revealed that there is no correlation between how much time

is spent on social networking sites and grades. Again, University of New Hampshire

study also revealed that students’ use of social media sites do not affect grades. A

recent survey showed that approximately ninety percent of teens in the United States

have Internet access, and about seventy-five percent of these teens use the Internet

more than once per day (Kist, 2008).

 xii

Drop-Out Rate

Social media and university go hand in hand, and start to intertwine long

before you’ve waved off your parents and blamed your teary eyes on hay fever. You

stalk your future flatmates via Facebook, upload Instagrams of your fairy lit digs, and

keep in touch with school friends on Whatsapp. For three female students, social

media left them feeling isolated and miserable, desperately trying to keep up a

facade they’d created; eventually leading them to drop out altogether. This isn’t

uncommon. A recent report from Sodexo found that 46% of British university

students had experienced feelings of loneliness, and of these, 37% considered

dropping out - the highest rate in Europe. In our nation, one in three students leave

before graduation, which means that more than 7,000 students decide to dropout

everyday. An astonishing 1.2 million students will more than likely not graduate with

their perspective class. Although the U.S. has once a world leader in high school

completion, now America is ranked 17 in developed nations for graduation rate (C.

Swanson, 2004).

Among industrialized nations, this country is the only one where its students

are less likely to graduate from high school than their parents (“Organization for

economic,” 2007). Dropouts are not just affecting their own lives, but they are costing

our economy as well. In fact, the Alliance for Excellent Education (2008) explained

that if the dropouts in the class of 2008 had graduated, then more than 300 million

dollars over their lifetime would have been added to the nation’s economy.

Moreover, if the graduation rate does not increase over the next years, then more

than 10 million students will become dropouts and cost our nation trillions of dollars .

These dropouts are costing the state and local governments billions of dollars
 xii

because of unemployment benefits, public assistance, and lost revenue (Bridgeland,

Dilulio, & Wulsin, 2008; Christle, Jolivette, & Nelson, 2007; National Education

Association, 2006; Orfield, Losen, Wald, & Swanson, 2004; Romberger, 1983;

Romberger, 1987).

Increased Academic Pressure

Insufficient sleep in adolescents is recognized as a serious health risk by the

American Medical Association and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, who

report that many young people do not get enough hours of sleep as influence of

social media. Stress is a contributing factor to poor sleep in young people. Noland et

al., found that 42% of 9–12th Grade students report that stress is an impediment to

good sleep, in 384 students surveyed. Self-perceived stress has been shown to

result in poorer sleep in female university students from the United, medical students

from Saudi Arabia, university students from Portugal and Pakistani medical school

students, demonstrating the cross cultural impacts of stress on sleep quality and

quantity tertiary education students (Waqas, Khan, Sharif, Khalid, & Ali, 2015).

In a study from the United States, over 90% of 9–12 th Grade students

reported that they have an inadequate number of hours of sleep on most school

nights. These young people report that the impact of the loss of sleep is difficulty

paying attention, lower grades, higher stress, and trouble getting along with other

people. Some students reported problematic coping strategies such as taking

sleeping pills, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol to help them sleep. Sleep

quality and quantity has been shown to be closely related to student learning

capability and academic performance. Loss of sleep is frequently associated with

poor learning (Curcio et al., 2006) .

 xii

Chapter 3

METHOD

This chapter presents the method and procedure that was applied in this

study. It was organized under the following sub-headings: Research Design,

Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure, and Statistical Treatment of Data.

Research Design

The study used a Quantitative correlational research which aimed to

systemically investigate and explain the nature of the relationship between variables

in the real world. Often quantifiable data (i.e. data that we can quantify or count) from

descriptive studies are frequently analyzed in this way. Correlational research

studies go beyond simply describing what exists and are concerned with

systemically investigating relationships between two or more variables of interest

( Porter & Carter , 2000 ).

Research Subject

The said study was conducted at UM Tagum College. Definitely, the selected

students were considered as respondent of this study. There is a total of 150

respondents. Random sampling technique was used in determining the samples

(Singh , 2003).

Research Instrument

The instrument used in this study was a researcher made questionnaire. It is

made in simple , brief and concise sentences to provide the respondents basic

understanding about the purpose of the study. This questionnaire was content

validated by the committee prior to the distribution and administration. This

 xii

questionnaire was used to measure the impact of social media to the academic

performance of students in University of Mindanao. The parameter used in this is

shown below.

Table 1. Distribution of Respondents.

Respondents Population Sample Percentage

Students 150 150 100%

___________________________________________________________________

For the impact of social media , the parameter limits used as follows.

Range of Means Extent Interpretation

4.50-5.00 Very High This means that the impact of

social media on students is
very much observed.

3.50-4.49 High This means that the impact of

social media on students is
much observed.

2.50-3.49 Moderate This means that the impact of

social media on students is
moderately observed.

1.50-2.49 Low This means that the impact of

social media on students is
less observed.

1.00-1.49 Very Low This means that the impact of

social media on students is
not observed.
 xii

For the influence on students , the parameter limits use as follows.

Range of Means Level Interpretation

4.50-5.00 Very High This means that the impact of

social media on students is
very much observed.

3.50-4.49 High This means that the impact of

social media on students is
much observed.

2.50-3.49 Moderate This means that the impact of

social media on students is
moderately observed.

1.50-2.49 Low This means that the impact of

social media on students is
less observed.

1.00-1.49 Very Low This means that the impact of

social media on students is
not observed.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher made a letter request addressed to the Dean of College,

asking permission to conduct the study among the selected students regarding the

impact of social media to the academic performance of the students.

Questionnaire was randomly distributed by the researchers to the

respondents. The questionnaire was distributed and was explained to the

respondents as the rationale to the study. The questionnaire was retrieved right after

the respondents had finished answering all the items.

 xii

Statistical Treatment of Data

The responses to the items in the questionnaire were tallied and interpreted

using the following statistical tools.

Mean. This was used to determine the impact of social media to the students on

their academic performance.

Pearson -r. This was used to determine the significant difference on the impact of

social media to the students on their academic performance.

 xii

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION OF DATA AND ANALYSIS

This part of the chapter presents gathered data. It also give analysis and

interpretation of the result of the data.

The Impact of Social Media to the Academic Performance of the students

Table 2 shows the impact of Social Media to the academic performance of the

students in terms of addictiveness, with an average of 4.35 and with standard

deviation of 0.770 which described as high. In terms of exposure with an average

mean of 4.35 and with standard deviation of 0.834 which described as high. In terms

of excessive use with an average mean of 4.18 and with standard deviation of 0.813

which described as high. This means that the overall mean is much observed.

The indicators Impact of Social Media to the academic performance that was

much among the students are the Addictiveness and Too Much Exposure, being the

indicators with the highest mean, students thinks that social media has a negative

outcomes.

Table 2.The Impact of Social Media to the Academic Performance of the

students

______________________________________________________________________________________
Indicator Mean Standard Descriptive
Deviation Rating
______________________________________________________________________________________
Addictiveness 4.35 0.770 High

Exposure 4.35 0.834 High

Excessive Use 4.18 0.813 High

Overall Mean 4.29 0.81 High

 xii

The level of Influence of Social Media on the Academic Performance of the

students

Table 3 shows the influence of social media on the academic performance of

the students in terms of dropout rate with an average mean of 4.35 with standard

deviation of 0.770 which described as high. In terms of increased academic pressure

4.35 with standard deviation 0.834 which described as high. This means that the

overall mean is much observed.

The indicators on The Influence of Social Media on the Academic

Performance that was much among students are dropout rate and increased

academic pressure being the indicators with the highest mean, students thinks that

major influence.

Table 3.The level of influence of social media on the academic performance of

the students

______________________________________________________________________________________
Indicator Mean Standard Descriptive
Deviation Rating

Dropout Rate 4.35 0.770 High

Increased
Academic Pressure 4.35 0.834 High

Overall Mean 4.35 1.187 High

Is there a Significant Relationship Between the Impact of Social Media in

the Academic Performance of Students in UM Tagum College.

Table 4 shows the test on significant relationship between impact of social media

and academic performance of students in UM Tagum College. The findings signified

that the p-value 0.000 was lesser than the level of significance at 0.05.Thus lead to

the decision of rejecting the null hypothesis. The Chi-square value indicates a

positive relationship.
 xii

Since the p-values are all lesser than 0.05 level of significance between

Impact and Influence we choose the to reject the null hypothesis (Ho) on those

items. Thus, we can say that there is a significant relationship between impact of

social media and academic performance of students in UM Tagum College in terms

of Impact and Influence.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
Table
L Chi- square value p-value Interpretation Decision

3.1
______________________________________________________________________________________
1 Impact 17.358 0.008 Significant Reject Ho

2 Influence 41.293 0.000 Significant Reject Ho

 xii

Chapter 5

SUMMARY

This chapter presents the discussion about Impact of Social Media in the

Academic Performance of Students in UM Tagum College. The discussion was

based on the results of findings presented on the previous chapter.

The Impact of Social Media to the Academic Performance of the students

The impact of Social Media to the academic performance of the students in

terms of addictiveness, with an average of 4.35 and with standard deviation of 0.770

which described as high. In terms of exposure with an average mean of 4.35 and

with standard deviation of 0.834 which described as high. In terms of excessive use

with an average mean of 4.18 and with standard deviation of 0.813 which described

as high. This means that the overall mean is much observed.

The level of Influence of Social Media on the Academic Performance of the

students

The influence of social media on the academic performance of the students in

terms of drop-out rate with an average mean of 4.35 with standard deviation of 0.770

which described as high. In terms of increased academic pressure 4.35 with

standard deviation 0.834 which described as high. This means that the overall mean

is much observed.

Conclusion
 xii

The following conclusion was drawn based on the findings of the study.

1.The impact of Social Media to the academic performance of the students in

terms of addictiveness, exposure and excessive use described as a high.

2. The influence of social media on the academic performance of the students

in terms of drop-out rate and increased academic pressure described as a high. This

means that the level of the influence of social media in terms of drop-out rate and

increased academic pressure is much observed.

3. There is significant relationship between the impact of social media in the

academic performance of the students in UM Tagum College.

Recommendation

After a cautious review of discoveries of the study and relevant conclusions

drawn, the accompanying recommendations are advertised.

1.The impact of Social Media to the students was described as high and it has

to be reduced in such level by evaluating their academic performance.

2.The influence of social media on the academic performance of the students

was described as high and it has to be reduced by encouraging students to engage

in Quality Induction and Mentorship Program where knowledge and skills can be

enhanced instead of exposing in social media.

REFERENCES
 xii

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APPENDIX A
 xii

Letter to Conduct a Study

January 18, 2019

UM Tagum College

Greetings:

We, the undersigned are fourth year criminology students enrolled in St. Thomas

More School of Law and Business. We are undergoing a research entitled“IMPACT

OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN UM

TAGUM COLLEGE”

In line with this, may we ask from your good office to allow us administer and retrieve

questionnaires to the selected students which serves as our data on the

interpretation of the study.

We are participating for your positive response on this matter.

Thank you and more power.

Respectfully yours,

Researcher’s

CRISTHYL MAE M. BARIQUIT

MARLOU B. SOLAIMAN
RYAN KYLE ROCETE
JAYSON P. BAHIAN

Noted:

Vina M. Zaragoza, Ed. D

Dean of College

APPENDIX B
 xii

QUESTIONNAIRE

Research Title: IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF STUDENTS IN UM COLLEGE STUDENTS.

Name (Optional):

Age: Sex:

Direction: Give your rating by putting check based on the indicators

using the Four-point Likert Scale with corresponding description below.

Range Scale Interpretation

5 Strongly Agree This means that the condition embodied in

the item is observed at all times.

4 Agree This means that the condition embodied in

the item is oftentimes observed.

3 Uncertain This means that the condition embodied in

the item is somewhat observed.

2 Disagree This means that the condition embodied in

the item is slightly observed.

1 Strongly Disagree This means that the condition embodied in

the item is not observed.

I.IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA

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ITEMS 4 3 2 1

A. ADDICTIVENESS
1. Addiction to online social networks is a problematic
issue that affects my academic life.

2 .Online social networks distract me from my studies.

3. Hours spent online can never be compared to the
number of hours I spend reading.
4. There is no improvement in my grades since I
became engaged into these social networking sites

5.Low level of concentration in the classroom.

B.TOO MUCH EXPOSURE

1. I usually have unlimited access to Facebook and

this has affected my academic performance negatively.
2. I engage in academic discussions on twitter and this
has improved my academic performance.
3. I make use of Messenger to disseminate knowledge
to my class mate.
4. I Solely rely on information gotten from Wikipedia to
do my assignments without consulting other sources.

5.I can type faster and multi-task at once.

C.EXCESSIVE USE
1. The usage of Wikipedia for research has helped
improve my grades.
2. . Engaging in academic forums on yahoo reduces my
rate of understanding
3. I use materials gotten from blogging sites to
complement what I have been taught in class.
4. I will not perform well in my academics even if I stop
using social media.
5. Students and teacher sharing information with one
another.