Classic Control

Classic control
Prepared by
Eng. M. Badry, Eng. Amr Adel,
and
Eng. Mohammed Abdel-Nasser
outline
• What is classic control ?
• Component of classic control
• Switches * fuse
• Contactors *circuit breaker
• Timers *
• Counters *
• Control& power circuits
• Example 1
• Latch circuits
• Example 2
• Timer
• Examples 3
• Star Delta connection.
What is classic control?
• Discussion question
Classic control
• The classic control is based on the principle of relays,
so it is called "relay logic control“.
• The history of classical control is due to the
discovery of electromagnetism.
• Relay invention of the American inventor Henry.
components
• Switches
• Contactors
• Relays
• Over load relays
• Circuit breakers
• Fuses
• Timers
• Counters
• Limit Switches
switches
All switches are available in NO. and NC. State Normally Open NO.
Normally Closed NC.

Buttons
Buttons are classify according to
Normal status :
• Normally Open (NO).
• Normally Closed (NC).
Do Press :
• Permanent ( selector).
• Temporary (push button).
Buttons
Emergency Switch Key switch
Switch Styles
Rocker Push Button
Switch Styles
Toggle Slide
Switch Styles
Mechanical switch limit sw.

Selector
The contactor
illustrative pictures for the contactor, the main
contacts and the auxiliary contacts
main contacts use in auxiliary contacts use in

power circuits control circuits
The contactor
It is mechanical coupling between the control circuit and The Power
circuits with use electrical signal.
It consists of two parts:
• The lower part is iron core

have E shape with COIL
• The upper part have the

same shape is a moving
part and has contact points
and consists of three
main contacts (NO) in
a separation mode and
an unlimited number of auxiliary contacts( NO) (NC)
Contactor
• If current pass through a coil it generate
magnetic field well attract any object near it
• This is theory of operation
• Have NO. and NC. Contact
The contactor
How to select contactor !!! ???
• Coil selection
Control circuit voltage for coil voltage select
6V , 12V , 24V , 110V , 220V
Max current of control circuit max current for coil
• Power flow trough contact
max voltage of motor
max current of motor
• Frequency selection
max number frequently open and close for our system
The Relay
 The relay consists of contacts (NC / NO).
this points use in control circuits and don't use
in power circuits
Compare
• illustrative pictures for Auxiliary Contactor and
Relay:
Auxiliary Contactor Relay

what is the difference between contactor and relay?
Over load
• It consists of:
1- three thermal resistances
2- N.C.&N.O. contact
GV2 Motor protection provided by

thermal-magnetic devices built into
the circuit-breaker
overload
• Overload Theory :
When the current of the motor is increased for any
reason, the temperature of the thermal coils increases,
which leads to expansion and change the contact
points of the control circuit inside it.
overload
 Use :
protect the motor from the high intensity of
the current from the rated current.
 How make protection :
contains three thermal coils that contact
direct with the motor and has a range is set to the
full load current of the motor.
overload
• We connect it with two methods :
• Can be connected to
the contactor by wires.
• Can be connected to
the contactor directly
Circuit breaker
circuit breaker
To protect from (short circuit current ) .
Types of circuit breaker

 MCB (MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER )
use with Relatively high short circuit current .
 MCCB (MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER)

use with high short circuit current .
circuit breaker
illustrative pictures for circuit breaker
• MCCB • MCB
Fuses
• The fuse is a wire element in a circuit,
which burns or breaks when the
current passes through a certain limit.
• The fuse protects the circuit from
the damage.
• The same function is performed
by the circuit breaker, but without
rebooting, so it must be changed
when fused.
• The fuse is faster than the electric cutter.
Fuses
illustrative pictures for fuses
Timer
The Timer is a tool that can control the operating times
and separation of electric motors.
It has many types that are divided in terms of structure
or function.
• In terms of structure:
the most famous types:
• Electronic Timer
• Engine timer
Electronic Timer
• This type consists of Electronic
Board with variable resistance with
small Relay as well as some other
electronic components.
• This resistance is achieved by
adjusting the time required
• But it may slightly increase the
heat as a result of the current in
the resistance.
Engine timer
• It consists of the internal structure of the
engine running a set of gears.
• The main gear has a upper part that
changes the wheel scaling that is
responsible for adjusting the timing
• This upper part is near or far from the
contact point as setting and the timer here
works by touching the upper part with the
contact point
Timer
 In terms of function
ON Delay Timer
when flow electric

current in the coil, it is
the time set and at the
end of that time is
working to change all
the positions of its
points
Timer
 In terms of function
OFF Delay Timer

when flow of electric
current with its coil, it
changes the position of
its points directly and at
the end of that time the
points return as they
were
Symbols of component
Terminal labels
Each circuit should contain L &N
Ex.1 Start stop motor with push Button

* apply latch
Ex3. Start 3 phase motor from
two position
Draw control and power circuit and exercise hardware
Ex4. Start 3 phase motor and
stop from two position
Ex5. Start 3 phase motor by
pressing two hands
Ex.6 Reverse direction of 3phase
motor
Draw control and power circuit and prefer protection very well exercise hardware
timers
• Types of timers
1- on delay timer.
2- off delay timer.
1-on delay timer
• It consists of a coil ,N.O. contact and N.C. contact.
• After the coil receive the electrical signal it begins count and
change it is contact position and after removing the signal
the timer will be reset.
B- off delay timer
• After the coil receive the electrical signal the contact will be change
it’s position and the timer now is not count but after removing the
electrical signal the timer will began counting and reset the position
of contact.
Because of the value of the starting
current that equal 1.5 of the rated
current there is many methods used
in starting motor:
Methods used in starting motors
• star-delta starting
• What else?????
Star-delta connections
star-delta
Power circuit
EX. 7 (Star/Delta) circuit for 3 phase induction
motor
(Star/Delta) circuit for 3 phase induction motor
Ex. 8: Draw another different
circuit for start motor with star-
delta connection ?
(Star/Delta) circuit for 3 phase induction
motor
(Star/Delta) circuit for 3 phase induction
motor
The Report
 Draw the power circuit and control circuit for the following:
• 1- Two motors, the first motor turns on at any time by pressing the
start push button (N.O.) and the second motor can turn on at
stopping stage of the first motor only (use indicator).
• 2- two motors, the first motor turns on by pressing the start push
button (N.O.) and the second motor turns on automatically after 5
seconds from starting the first motor.
• 3- Motor works in two directions without using stop switch to reverse
the direction (For the first direction press the start_1 switch (N.O.)
only and for the second direction just press the start_2 switch (N.O.)).

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Normally Closed NC.

Mechanical switch limit sw.

main contacts use in auxiliary contacts use in

It consists of two parts:

• The lower part is iron core

• The upper part have the

Auxiliary Contactor Relay

GV2 Motor protection provided by

Types of circuit breaker

 MCCB (MOLDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER)

ON Delay Timer

when flow electric

OFF Delay Timer

Ex.2 Start stop motor with push Button

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