RANDOM NOTES

- Rizal is a well-rounded person, was an engineer, doctor, poet, etc.

- Rizal was born “five years after Freud, four years after Conrad, one year after Chekhov;
→ basically saying that everyone who was born during Rizal’s time had incredible talents
and minds
- Insulares = Filipinos → Spanish people born in the Philippines
- Conservative ideas of Rizal was considered progressive at his time

Industrial Revolution
- Major turning point in human history
- Era of inventions
- Economic development
- Population increase
- European countries colonized countries to sustain the growing population of their
society, to ensure that they have enough production of raw materials
- England emerged as the world’s leading imperialist power

Colonialism and Imperialism

- Political and economic control
- Forms of domination → direct and indirect
- Measure of national greatness
- The more you have colonized, the more powerful you are considered to be

Opening of the Suez Canal

- Located in Egypt
- Faster exchange of products
- Faster transport time → more Filipino travels to the Europe
- Before it would take 4-5 months, with Suez Canal’s opening it only takes 44 days
- Andres Bonifacio is a known beneficiary of the Suez Canal → he was able to gather
more books for him to learn

Galleon Trade (1565-1815)

- Philippines had a good relationship with mexico but was affected by the ending of
Galleon Trade
- What is the problem with Galleon Trade: it left the Philippine economy stagnant →
only benefited a small portion of the elites in Manila
- They traded silk, considered a gold good
- The Philippines were considered a hub, middle man of the Galleon Trade → because it
was the colonial area
- The country only had trading relationship with the Spanish, especially luzon and
visayas areas
- Benefit:
- Mexico to Philippines
 - A lot of vegetables and fruits came from Mexico → such as avocado,
papaya
- Statue of saints → Nazareno and Bridget of Antipolo
- Philippines to Mexico
- Sampaloc
- Coconut
- Rice
- Mangoes

19th Century
- Emancipation Participation (1863) → freed slaves in certain states
- Freedom and independence
- Benito Juarez, a full-blooded Zapotec Indian was elected as President of Mexico
- Sense of ownership
- Meiji era in Japan (1868-1912)

- Philippines were still colonized, a lot were getting killed

- Netherlands colonized East Indies (now Indonesia)

- The British colonized HK, Indian Subcontinent (Indian, Pakistan, and Bangladesh),
Burma, Ceylon, Maldives, Malaya Singapore, among other- Australia and New Zealand
also became British colonies
- The French colonized Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos

- Thailand and Japan were never colonized because they were in between two different
colonizers
- Thailand had a strong monarchy during that time

Why were the prayles considered more influential than the governor-

Independence Movements against the Spanish Colonization

- 1810 → Colombia
- 1811 → Uruguay, Paraguay
- 1818 → Argentina
- 1821 → Costa Rica, El Salvador, México
- 1823 → Valenzuela
- 1825 → Bolivia
- 1898 → Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico (They were eventually sold off to America due to
the treaty in Paris)

- There was a time European colonizers let go of some of the countries they colonized,
however they got frustrated → explains the year gaps in independence
El Deposito (1886)

Tranvia (1888)

Social Hierarchy during the Spanish colonial era

- Peninsulares vs Insulares
- Middlesclass consisted of Spanish and Chinese Mestizo
- Indios, Chinese, Japanese
- Purity of Blood

Imagined Communities → through Rizal’s novels

- Example: Batanes, Holo, Siargao → wherein one has not been there in that place
physically but you consider that they are still part of the Philippine nation
- During the 19th century → There was no internet but these helped people understand:
- Print media
- Spanish as dominant medium, limited literacy, urban bias
- From Europe to Manila, Manila to the provinces
- Influence of newspapers transmitted through oral tradition (news, rumor, gossip)

- Noli Me Tangere → it was originally written in Spanish but it was spread through oral
tradition
- Since the Indios was not taught of Spanish for they intended not to let them
understand what they are saying
-

GOMBURZA (DOCUMENTARY)
- Before 1872
- Revolts against Spanish colonialism
→ Gabriela Silang, Palaris Revolt, Tamblot Revlot
- they were revolts but they were not united, thats probably why they were
always defeated by colonizers

- Our long tradition of struggle to obtain independence, goes back to the first Filipinos
whos revolts had religious orientation
- For example, Bancao in Leyte (1622) or Sumuroy in Samar (1650), Tapar in
Panay (1663) all in the 17th century
 - Many of them were babaylans or their children who wanted to go back
their original religion
- One of the significant ones who continued that tradition was
Hermano Pule
- 1841
- Spanish colonial government crushed their organization, Confrandia de San Jose
in Tayabas
- Their members were already spread throughout all of the Tagalog regions
- Friars saw that they were competitors → made them movedto persecute
Confrandia de San Jose
- They resisted and won one of the battles but were massacared,
obliterated
- Hernando Pule was beheaded and his body was dismembered
- After 2 Years
- Tayabas reigment revolted because Hermando Pule or Apolinario Dela Cruz is
from Tayabas
- Alam ng tayabas reignment na grabe ang ginawa kay Hermano Pule kay intake
nila yung Fort Santiago
- January 19-20 1843
- People were screaming “independensiya” → it is seen that there was an
aspiration to cut the relationship with Spain pero ofc nag fail wenkwonk
- Isa sa mga pinaniniwalaan ng mga historyador na nakausap si Hermano Pule, based on
the documents, and isang pari na si Pedro Sebastian Pelaez
- Siya ay isa sa mga pioneer na tinatawag nating skulrisasyon
- 1868
- Glorious Revolution sa Espanya
- Bumagsak ang Monarkiya, pinalitan ng isang pamahalaang republika
- Sa loob ng dalawang taon (1869 - 1871) may mga changes na inilunsan ni
Governor-General Carlos Maria de la Torre
- He did all he can para makuha loob ng mga liberal at mga progresibong
mga uri ng tao sa Pilipinas which inclueds the priests, lawyers, and some
businessmen
- But after two years bumagsak nanaman ang pamahalaang republika sa
Espanya, bumalik na naman ang monarkiya
- So nagkaroon ng problem kasi si Carlos de la Torre ay nagpakita ng
pagbubukas ng kaisipan
- 19th Century
- Nagkaroon ng alaking liberalismo sa Europa → pagpapalit ng gobyerno
- Naapektohan ang mga polisya sa Pilipinas weak ng pwet k jokes
- Kalakalang Galyon: dati monopolyo lamang ng Espanyol
- Dumami mga tinatwag na tulisan, bandido, mga taong labas cause the
only way para magkaroon ng hustisya is to become a tulisan
- 1565-1815
 - Nagsimula si Legazpi → we were having a good relationship with Mexico
but bc of this naputol yung Kalakalang Galyon PAKADAMING
NANGYAYARI???
- So ang kapalit ng Kalkalang Gaylon nagbukas tayo sa pandaigdigang
kalakalan noong 1834 → pumaosk na yung ibat ibang mga dayuhang
mangangalakal (foreign traders)
- 1869
- Nagkaroon na ng bapor or boat so menaing nito mas mabilis na
- Binuksan naman na yung daan sa Egypt from Mediterranean Sea going
to Indian Ocean until the Philippines na dadaan ka sa Seuz Canal
- Ang pagbukas ng Seuz Canal gave way para sa mabilisang pagpasok ng
mga ideas, mga liberal na pagiisip or mga philosophers from Europe
(Voltaire), ideas of french Revolution, ideas of American Revolution
- Liberal ideas nila Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke na tungkol sa
good government
- Education was also little by litlle being liberated
- Madaming mga pumapasok ng mga liberal na ideas pero ayaw ng mga
prayle LUH BORING
- Nagkakroon ng kapangyarihan ang prayle na magkaroon ng hacienda
- Hindi lang siya lupa kasi meron din silang profit sa land na yan
- Cavite
- In cavite madami mga lands don pero marami nawalan ng tirahan dahil sa
mga umaangkin ng lupa na hindi naman sa kanila
- Cavite is known as La Madre de los Ladrones or ina ng magnanakaw sabi
ng mga Kastila
- Mariano Gomez
- Hes like a one-man non-government organization and very close to the
community kasi nagpatayo siya ng kalsada, improved the services to the
people
- Also known as the tagapgitan ng mga lumalabas sa batas
- Naging intsrumento para humina ang pagnanakaw sa Cavite
- From santa cruz maynila
- He is the oldest
- Was the parish priest of Bacoor since 1824
- Born 1799
- 19th century → parish priest of Bacoor, Cavite
- Padre Zamora
- His mom wished that he will be a lawyer but he chose to become a priest
instead
- From pandacan maynila
- Second oldest
- Nunng mid-thirties siya, siya yung may pinakamaraming parishes
- Batangas
- Pasig
 - Marikina
- Alternated with Burgos in Manila
- 19th century → parish priest of Marikina
- Padre Jose Burgos
- Pito ang natapos na kurso → 2 doktorado (he was 35 years old)
- Was very famous because that time he was a teacher to influence the
youth
- Pacioano Rizal was his student kaya na llink siya sa mga Rizals
- He serves sa Manila
- Freinds with Carlos Maria de La Torre and usually gets invited to his
feasts
- His life was public very open to people that why he was well-known
- Born in Vigan, Ilocos province
- His parents was spanish and has two sisters; he is the only son
- 19 century → siya may hawak ng pinaka importanteng church which is
the Manila Cathedral
- The three of them studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran, UST
- 1850
- Issue na yung secularization
- Friars should abandon the parishes kasi yun naman talaga trabaho ng mga
secular priests, to hande the parishes but ayaw nila kasi nag eenjoy mga friars sa
privileges na nakukuha nila LAH PRINCESS
- Regular Priest
- “Friar” means brother or regular priests (regla, reglas, reglamentos)
- Bound by the rules meron kasi sila sinusunod na vows
- Peninsulares
- Dominicans, Agustinians, Recollects, and Franciscans meron sila sinusnod na 3
vows
1. Vow of poverty
2. Vow of celibacy
3. Vow of obedience to the head of the Religious Order
- Jesuits have a fourth vow → vow of obedience to the Pope
- That is why it is claimed na di daw sila friar kasi may pangapat na vow
sila
- Secular Priests
- Insulares / Creoles
- Mestizos
- Indios
- Under ng bishop
- Patronato Real (Royal Patronage)
- Government, state, and church are united
- Government shuld support the needs and protect the friars from Spain and
Mexico
- Friars should also support the government
 - 1768
- King of Spain happened to have conflict with Pope

https://www.summarize.tech/www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUlf9KtbqC8