Dr. R. K. Dhatrak,etal. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.

com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 10, Issue 4, ( Series - I)April2020 , pp.21-25

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Line Fault Detection in Distribution System Using IoT

Dr. R. K. Dhatrak*, Saurabh S. Bankar**, Pratik S. Dhawas**, Ishwar P.
Thakare**, Pranali A. Bankar**, Krutika V. Mungelwar**
*(HoD, Electrical (E & P) Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Research and Technology,
Chandrapur,
** (Students of Electrical (E & P) Engineering Department,Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering Research and
Technology, Chandrapur,

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with identifying fault location in a distribution line, which is a complicated and severe problem
in existing system. In this work ESP12 Based (ESP8266) advanced micro-controller having in Built WIFI along
with GSM model is used. It is used for remote control and monitoring purpose and control of multiple stand-
alone with Distribution Transformer. Electrical Power Quality (EPQ) is one of the major issues of electric
service providers. It plays an important role in today’s community life. The primary role of this section is to
carry the electricity from the substaions to the loads in the individual customers to the different requirements of
society. It must be giving a reliable, safe and sustainable service when end user needs it.
Keyword-: Distribution, ESP12, Faults, GSM, IoT
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Date of Submission: 22-03-2020 Date Of Acceptance: 08-04-2020
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I. INTRODUCTION is showing the fault in particular phase this device is

The distribution of electric energy must be installed. In between 10-15 poles also there are
supplied in such a way that the user receives a mentions the zones for Service Reliability. This
continuous service, without interruptions, with a system may be installed in between 10-15 poles
sufficient voltage range,with quality parameters that because, to identify the zones between the poles.
allows the electrical equipment to operate properly. This work gives the fault location information
However, the Distribution System (DS) are not through IOT monitoring system and gives indication
immune to power outages caused by faults. The time via SMS to operator’s mobile. It consist of a single
of interruption depends on the line fault detection by pole Double through Relay having 12 volt DC
the protection device assembly, its opening and which supports 250V AC/ 10Amp and 110V DC/
clearing, the location of the fault and the repair 15Amp. This is interfaced with ESP12 Based
necessary to restore the service. The location controller for monitoring and controlling. In normal
process depends on factors like the topology, i.e. condition system records periodically reports of all
length of the feeder, number and length of the performances, where as in case of faults it is
divisions, the geographic characteristics of the area immediately informs to operators.
where it is located etc. These factors can make the
fault location difficult [1, 2]. II. FAULTS IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
This is to improve the social and Day by day electrical powers system is
economical life of Power Holding capacity of growing in size and complexities due to generation,
distribution line. As in distribution system there is a transmission, distribution and load systems. Hence
probability of 70 to 80% faults in distribution lines, the frequency of occurrence of the faults increases
this may causes a long interruption in the service. which reduces the reliability of the power system
Thus we have to take care of the line to reduce [2,3].
frequently interruption of service. To take care of Electrical fault is simply defined as the
this the proposed work i.e. Line Fault detection In deviation of voltages and currents from their normal
Distribution System using IOT may be the solution. values or states. When fault occurs, it causes
This concept will reduce the outage time detect the excessively high currents to flow, under voltage,
fault and also indicate the fault location in a unbalance of the phases, reversed power and high
particular phase. The Serial Monitor is used to voltage surges which cause the damage to
monitor the normal and faulty condition of a equipments and devices. So the continuous research
distribution lines [3, 4]. In case of fault condition it is going on to find the protective schemes to avoid

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Dr. R. K. Dhatrak,etal. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 10, Issue 4, ( Series - I)April2020 , pp.21-25

the damage to transmission system from faults. B) Unsymmetrical Faults

Mainly following faults exists in power system: The term unsymmetrical fault is used to mean an
unbalanced condition. It is a connection or situtaion
2.1 Open circuit faults which causes an unbalance among the three phases.
These are the faults due to the failure of one or more An unsymmetrical shunt fault is an unbalance
conductors. These are also called as series faults. between phases or between phase and ground. A
Except three phase open circuit fault all other faults series fault is an unbalance in the line impedances. It
are unsymmetrical faults. does not involve any connection between lines or
2.2 Short circuit faults between line and ground at fault point [5]. These are
These are the faults due to the abnormal condition of of following types:
very low impedance between two points of different i) Line to Ground (L-G) fault: is most common
potential, whether made intentionally or fault and 65-70 percent of faults are of this type.
accidentally. These are also called as shunt faults. It causes the conductor to make contact with
These faults are generally due to the insulation earth or ground.
failure between phase conductors or between earth ii) Double Line to Ground (L-L-G) fault: 15 to
and phase conductors or both. 20 percent of faults are double line to ground
These are common and severe kind of faults, and causes the two conductors to make contact
resulting in the flow of high currents through the with ground.
equipment or transmission lines. If these faults are iii) Line to Line (L-L) fault: Line to line faults
allowed to persist even for a short period, it leads to occur when two conductors make contact with
the extensive damage to the equipment. The various each other mainly while swinging of lines due
symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults in power to winds and 5- 10 percent of the faults are of
systems are as follows: this type.
A) Symmetrical Faults
This type of fault occurs infrequently, when a line, III. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR
which has been made safe for maintenance by STUDY
clamping all the three phases to earth, is accidentally In this ring main feeder 11 kV source is
made alive or when a mechanical excavators cuts used to supply the complete feeder. The feeder is
quickly through whole cable. It is an important type closed on itself. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 1
of fault in that results in easy calculation and where ABCDEFA forms a complete ring. The
generally pessimistic answer. These are of two distributors are connected at A, B, C, D, E and F as
types: shown in Fig. 1. There are two parallel paths of the
i) Line to Line to Line (L-L-L) Fault: feeders one is A-B-C and other D-E-F. The two
All three phases of the system are short circuited paths are totally different. The advantage of such
with each other arrangements is that it offers a greater reliability of
ii) Line to Line to Line to Ground (L-L-L-G) supply in the event of fault in any section of the
Fault: feeder; say at X, the supply to all consumers can
All three phases of the system are earthed.The continue to be available by isolating faulty section
probability of occurrence of such fault is nearly between B and C.
2-3 percent in the power system network.

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Dr. R. K. Dhatrak,etal. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 10, Issue 4, ( Series - I)April2020 , pp.21-25

F A

E B

D C
X

Fig.1 Single Line Diagram of Ring main System

IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Fig.2 Block Diagram

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Dr. R. K. Dhatrak,etal. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 10, Issue 4, ( Series - I)April2020 , pp.21-25

This project deals with the detection of then phase is on when command goes 0 then phase
fault and location on distribution line. The system is off. As soon as relay 0 signal goes to nodemcu it
monitors the individual phase by using the relays. sends sms alert. Similarly for all phases the signal is
Relays are powered by the 7805ic is connected to from relays. Nodemcu is a WIFI Controller when it
each phase. The signal from relay COM goes to power on the IP Address is assigned by hotspot to
Nodemcu and Nodemcu detects the 0 or 1 as per the see the status on web browser.
phase ON and OFF. When the Nodemcu pin is 1

V. LOGIC USED IN PAPER

Table: 1 According to ground
R Y B N FAULT
1 0 0 1 R-N
0 1 0 1 Y-N
0 0 1 1 B-N
0 0 0 0 Normal

Table: 2 Fault between two phases

R Y B N FAULT
1 1 0 0 R-Y
1 0 1 0 R-B
0 1 1 0 Y-B
0 0 0 0 Normal

Fig. 3 Photograph of Proposed Scheme

VI. RESULTS
It is observed that the results obtained are exactly
co-related with the logic used. As per the proposed
logic the results obtained are as shown below:

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Dr. R. K. Dhatrak,etal. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 10, Issue 4, ( Series - I)April2020 , pp.21-25

VII. CONCLUSION
The system is effective in the sense t. at a
complete online supervising of the distribution
transformer is accomplished through this system.
The use of GSM modem helps in effective message
sending to the required receiver. It is observed that
the GSM technology used for the fault detection of
three phase line send the messages to the In-charges
and operator’s mobile phone of that particular
location. Using this system it is possible to identify
the exact faulty phase under abnormal condition. It
is effective in providing safety to the working staff.
It is economical and time saving. It can be easily
installed. Online monitoring can be easily possible
using IoT.

REFERENCES
[1]. M. Kezunovic, Smart fault location for smart
grids, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2(1)
(2011), 11-22.
[2]. R. Perez and C. Vasquez, Fault Location in
Distribution Systems with Distributed
Generation Using Support Vector Machine
and Smart Meters, IEEE Ecuador Technical
Chapters Meeting (ETCM), 2016, pp. 1-6.
[3]. Velladurai S, Sarathkumar G, Praveenraj
Gility, Senthamizhselvan R, Ms
Venkateswari.M, Detection of Fault Location
in Transmission Line Using Internet of
Things (IOT), Journal for Research Volume
02 Issue 01 March 2016.
[4]. Allan, Ron and Billinton, Roy,
Probabilistic Assessment of Power Systems,
Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 88, No. 2
[5]. Ashfaq Husain, Electrical Power System
(CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.)

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