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Comprehensive Guide To Python Commands

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Md.Kisour Chowdhury
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6 views

Comprehensive Guide To Python Commands

Uploaded by

Md.Kisour Chowdhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

1. Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and ease of use.

2. Basic Syntax

print("Hello, World!") # Outputs: Hello, World!

3. Variables and Data Types

# Variable assignment

x=5

y = "Hello"

z = 3.14

# Data types

a = 10 # int

b = 10.5 # float

c = "Python" # str

d = [1, 2, 3] # list

e = (1, 2, 3) # tuple

f = {1, 2, 3} # set

g = {"a": 1, "b": 2} # dict

4. Operators
Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

# Arithmetic operators

x=5

y=2

print(x + y) # 7

print(x - y) # 3

print(x * y) # 10

print(x / y) # 2.5

print(x % y) # 1

# Comparison operators

print(x == y) # False

print(x != y) # True

print(x > y) # True

print(x < y) # False

# Logical operators

print(x > 1 and y < 5) # True

print(x > 1 or y > 5) # True

print(not (x > 1)) # False

5. Control Flow

# if statement

x = 10

if x > 5:

print("x is greater than 5")


Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

# for loop

for i in range(5):

print(i)

# while loop

i=0

while i < 5:

print(i)

i += 1

6. Functions

def greet(name):

return f"Hello, {name}"

print(greet("Alice")) # Outputs: Hello, Alice

7. Modules and Packages

# Importing a module

import math

print(math.sqrt(16)) # 4.0

# Importing specific functions

from math import sqrt

print(sqrt(25)) # 5.0
Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

8. File Handling

# Writing to a file

with open("example.txt", "w") as file:

file.write("Hello, World!")

# Reading from a file

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

content = file.read()

print(content) # Outputs: Hello, World!

9. Exception Handling

try:

result = 10 / 0

except ZeroDivisionError:

print("You cannot divide by zero!")

10. Object-Oriented Programming

class Dog:

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def bark(self):

return f"{self.name} is barking"


Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

dog = Dog("Rex")

print(dog.bark()) # Outputs: Rex is barking

11. Standard Library Modules

# datetime module

import datetime

now = datetime.datetime.now()

print(now)

# os module

import os

print(os.getcwd()) # Outputs the current working directory

12. Commonly Used Libraries

# numpy for numerical operations

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])

print(arr * 2) # Outputs: [2 4 6]

# pandas for data manipulation

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2], "B": [3, 4]})

print(df)

13. Advanced Topics


Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

# List comprehensions

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

print(squares) # Outputs: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

# Lambda functions

add = lambda x, y: x + y

print(add(5, 3)) # Outputs: 8

# Decorators

def decorator_func(func):

def wrapper():

print("Function is being called")

func()

print("Function has been called")

return wrapper

@decorator_func

def hello():

print("Hello, World!")

hello()

# Generators

def my_generator():

yield 1
Comprehensive Guide to Python Commands

yield 2

yield 3

gen = my_generator()

for value in gen:

print(value) # Outputs: 1 2 3

# Context managers

with open("example.txt", "w") as file:

file.write("Hello, World!")

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