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1 Which reaction will result in a decrease in pH?

A adding calcium hydroxide to acid soil

B adding citric acid to sodium hydrogencarbonate solution
C adding sodium chloride to silver nitrate solution
D adding sodium hydroxide to hydrochloric acid
[1]

[Total: 1]

2 Iron from a blast furnace contains carbon, sulfur, silicon and phosphorus as impurities.

Phosphorus is converted to phosphorus(V) oxide.

Is phosphorus(V) oxide an acidic or basic oxide?

Give a reason for your answer.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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3 Carbon dioxide can be prepared in the laboratory using the apparatus shown below.

B
carbon
dioxide

hydrochloric acid

marble chips
(calcium carbonate)

Complete the word equation for this reaction.

calcium hydrochloric ..................... carbon

+ → + + ..................
carbonate acid ..................... dioxide

[2]

[Total: 2]

4 The diagram shows the best pH ranges for growing different plants.

pH 4 5 6 7 8

beans
carrots
clover
potatoes
tomatoes

(a) Which two plants grow best in acidic conditions only?

................................................................. and ................................................................. [1]

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(b) Which pH shown in the diagram above represents a neutral pH?

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[Total: 2]

5 A student dissolved a sample of brass in concentrated nitric acid.

Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, was released.

Cu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

(a) Write a word equation for this reaction.

[2]

(b) The student added aqueous ammonia to the solution formed until the ammonia was in excess.
Describe what the student would observe.

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(c) State one source of the nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

6 Explain why solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with the same concentration, in
3
mol / dm , have a different pH.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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7 Match the following pH values to the solutions given below.

1 3 7 10 13

The solutions all have the same concentration.

solution pH

aqueous ammonia, a weak base ..................

dilute hydrochloric acid, a strong acid ..................

aqueous sodium hydroxide, a strong base ..................

aqueous sodium chloride, a salt ..................

dilute ethanoic acid, a weak acid ..................

[5]

[Total: 5]

8 Zinc can be obtained from zinc oxide in a two step process. Aqueous zinc sulfate is made from
zinc oxide and then this solution is electrolysed with inert electrodes. The electrolysis is similar to
that of copper(II) sulfate with inert electrodes.

(a) Name the reagent which will react with zinc oxide to form zinc sulfate.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the following for the electrolysis of aqueous zinc sulfate.

Write the equation for the reaction at the negative electrode.

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Name the product at the positive electrode.

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The electrolyte changes from zinc sulfate to ...................................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]
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9 Sulfur burns in air to form sulfur dioxide.

Is sulfur dioxide an acidic or basic oxide?

Give a reason for your answer.

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.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

10 Describe how acids react with metals and with metal oxides.

In your answer:
• refer to a particular metal and metal oxide,
• illustrate your answer with at least one word equation.

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................................................................................................................................................ [4]

[Total: 4]

11 Fertilisers usually contain compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

(a) Many fertilisers contain ammonium sulfate.

Ammonium sulfate is made by reacting aqueous ammonia with sulfuric acid.
What type of chemical reaction is this?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Aqueous ammonia reacts with nitric acid to make another compound often found in fertilisers.
State the name of this compound.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(c) The structure of ammonium sulfate is shown below.

NH4+ NH4+ NH4+ NH4+

SO42– SO42–

NH4+ NH4+ NH4+ NH4+

SO42– SO42–

NH4+ NH4+ NH4+ NH4+

SO42– SO42–

Deduce the simplest ratio of ammonium and sulfate ions in ammonium sulfate.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

12 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. They both form oxides of the type XO2.

Silicon(IV) oxide, SiO2, has a macromolecular structure.

How could you show that silicon(IV) oxide is acidic and not basic or amphoteric?

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.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

13 A solution of barium hydroxide is alkaline.

(a) Describe how you would show that barium hydroxide solution is alkaline.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Complete the word equation for the reaction of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.

barium hydrochloric ........................

+ → + ........................
hydroxide acid .....................

[2]

[Total: 3]