ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Title:- Introduction to Electrical Power Systems

Course Number:- EEEg3154

Contact Hours (Per Week): 3

Laboratory Title: - Transmission line parameter Measuring or testing.

Laboratory Number- I

Materials Required for the Lab

 Variable three phase power supply.

 Ammeter (2.5A) for each line (I1,I2 and I3).
 Voltmeter (250V).
 Three phase transmission line model [DL7901].
 Three phase watt meter.

Objectives

 To measure the parameters of transmission line

 To test the transmission line by short circuit or open circuit test

Technical specification

The line model DL7901 is a model of an electric power line, 136km long, for voltage of 77KV
and current of 100A.

 Rated power(line power rating) =13MVA

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  Rated frequency: 50Hz
 The model works with a voltage of 220V and a current of 5A
This means that
 Voltage scale, 220 :77000 =1:350
 Current, 5:100 =1:20
 Power, (1:350)*(1:20) =1:7000
 Impedance, (1:350):(1:20) =1:17.5

Theory:- An electric transmission lines are characterized by four parameters, namely resistance,
inductance, capacitance and shunt conductance. The electrical design and performance of a line
are dependent on these parameters. These values determine the power-carrying capacity of the
transmission line and the voltage drop across it at full load.

These parameters are uniformly distributed along the whole line. Each line has its own value,
and it is not possible to concentrate or lump them at discrete points on the line. For this reason
the line parameters are known as distributed parameters. Their values are given in per unit length
of line and they are denoted as R, L, C and G respectively. The line parameters are functions of
the line-geometry, construction material and operational frequency.

The line resistance and inductance form the series impedance of the line. While the capacitance
and conductance form the shunt admittance of the line.

Pre-laboratory preparation
 Read the information section of the lab manual and lab instruments description. Be ready
to answer questions related to the transmission line parameters and practical
measurements.
 All measurement should be done by selecting your digital Multi meter to AC voltage and
current with maximum range when you measure voltage and current respectively.
 Don’t turn the power on before your circuit has been checked by your instructor, when
the layout has been completed, have your instructor to check you circuit connections get
his/her permission.

2
No load test

Test procedure
1. Electrical diagram of line for no load test
 Build the circuit in heavy drawn that is shown in the diagram below

Figur1. Electrical diagram of line for no load test

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 Figure 2. Practical electrical diagram for no load test

2. After building the circuit in heavy drawn that is shown in the diagram above.
3. Preset the controls of the three-phase variable power supply (general switch open).
4. Switch on the variable supply by closing the main switch.
5. Increase the line three phase supply voltage slowly by adjusting the variac knob until
the rated linked voltage is 220V.
6. Make a reading of the ammeter, corresponding the current Ic and write it in the
measurement result table (point 10).
7. Remove the three phase power supply by opening the main switch and remove
bridges connecting the capacitances among the phases, leaving those connecting the
capacitance toward the earth.

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 8. Close the main switch and check that the supply voltage of the line is still 220V,
calibrating it through the variac knob, if needed.
9. Make a reading of the ammeter, corresponding to the current Icj,and write it in the
measurement table (point 10).
10. Measurement table

No Ic(A) Icj(A)
1
2
3

11. Problems and tasks

 Calculate the mean value of the current Ic and Icj.

 Calculate the operating capacitance of the line and the operating capacitance per
kilometer.
 Calculate the earth capacitance of the line and the earth capacitance per kilometer.

Note: - From the no load test, that is supplying the line at the rated voltage at no load, we can
calculate the voltage and the current absorbed by the line and consequently

a) Operating capacitance of the line

C = 20Ic
2∏*f*Uo
Since the current scale is 1:20 and Uo is the real line phase voltage (77kv/√3).
b) Operating capacitance per kilometer
c =C/L
c) Earth capacitance of the line
Cj =20Icj/2pi*f*Uo
Since the current scale is 1:20 and Uo is the real line phase voltage (77kv/√3).

d) Earth capacitance per kilometer

cj =Cj/L

5
Short circuit test

Equipment used
 Variable three phase power supply
 Wattmeter 30V, 5A=W1, W2 and W3.
 Voltmeter (25 -50V) =V1, V2 and V3

Note: If there is not a sufficient number of instruments available, the measurements can be made
on one phase at a time.

The impedance of the line model is determined with a short –circuit test, in which we short-
circuit one side of the line model and feed the other side with a low voltage so that the resultant
current is equal to the rated current.

By measuring the voltage V, the current I and the active power P we can then calculate

a) Line impedance (Z) =V/I

b) Line resistance(R) = P/I2

c) Line reactance(X) =√Z2-R2

Note:

a. In three phase lines in which the distance between conductors is very much greater than the
conductor diameter, the reactance is about 0.40 ohms per phase and kilometer. This provides a
way of determine the length of that the model represents.

Bearing in mind that the impedance scale is 1:17.5, the following equation applies for a line
length of 1 kilometer:

x =0.4*1/17.5=0.0228Ω/km

L (km) =X/x

b. The conductor section of the conductors in the real line, with the knowledge that the resistivity
of copper is( ρ) =17Ωmm2/km and bearing in mind that the impedance scale is 1:17.5 can be
derived from the equation

S (mm2) = 17L (km) in mm2

17.5pi

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Test procedure
1. Electrical diagram of line for short- circuit test
 Build the circuit in heavy drawn that is shown in the diagram below

Figure 3 Electrical diagram of line for short- circuit test

Figure 4. Practical electrical diagram for short-circuit test

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2. After building the circuit in heavy drawn that is shown in the diagram above.
3. Preset the controls of the three-phase variable power supply (general switch open).
4. Switch on the variable supply by closing the main switch.
5. Increase the voltage slowly until the current in the R-phase, I, is equal to the rated
current(i.e. 5A)
6. Make a reading of the ammeter, corresponding the current Ic and write it in the
measurement result table (point 8).
7. Make a note of the reading of all the instruments in the measurement result table.
8. Measurement result table.

No I(A) U(V) P(W) Z(Ω) R(Ω) X(Ω)

1
2
3

9. Problems and tasks

 Calculate Z,R and X for each phase
Calculate the mean value of Z,R and X.
 Calculate the line length from the mean value of R.
 Calculate the conductor section from the mean value of R.
Round off to the nearest standard value. Select from the series
16,25,35,50,70,95,120,150,185,240,300 and 400mm2.
10. What do you understand from this laboratory session? And Write a report for the
laboratory exercise precisely and procedurally and submit it as soon as possible when
you come for the next lab session