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    Document 9

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    gokul27.03.27

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    Document 9

    Uploaded by

    gokul27.03.27
    4 views10 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views10 pages

    Document 9

    Uploaded by

    gokul27.03.27

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    INDEX:

     Abstract

     Aim

     Materials required

     Circuit Diagram

     Theory

     Procedure

     Result

     Applications of Wheatstone Bridge

     Bibliography

    Abstract:
     The Wheatstone bridge is a fundamental electrical circuit used to

    measure unknown electrical resistance. It consists of four resistive arms

    forming a diamond shape with a voltage source applied across one

    diagonal and a galvanometer connected across the other diagonal. When

    the resistances in the arms are balanced, the bridge produces zero

    voltage across the galvanometer, indicating equilibrium. Any imbalance

    due to an unknown resistance in one arm can be precisely calculated by

    adjusting known resistances in the other arms until balance is achieved.

    This principle is widely applied in various fields including electronics,

    physics, and engineering for accurate resistance measurements.


    Aim:

     To determine the value of the unknown resistor by adjusting the

    known resistors until the bridge is balanced.


    Materials required:
     Resistors (4) - Two known (R1 and R2), two variable or unknown

    (Rx and R3).

     Battery.

     Galvanometer or Voltmeter.

     Connecting Wires.

     Circuit Board.

     Switch

     Calculator.
    Circuit Diagram:
    Theory:

     The Wheatstone bridge is a circuit arrangement used to measure

    unknown resistance precisely. When the bridge is balanced, no

    current flows through the galvanometer, indicating equilibrium.

    The balance condition is achieved when the ratio of resistances in

    one arm of the bridge equals the ratio in the other arm. This

    principle is expressed by the equation:

    R1/R2 = R3/Rx

    From this equation, the value of the unknown resistance Rx can be

    calculated.
    Procedure:

    1. Gather all the required materials: resistors, battery, a galvanometer


    or voltmeter, connecting wires, circuit board, switch, and a
    calculator.
    2. Arrange the resistors in a diamond shape on the circuit board.
    Label them as R1, R2, Rx, and R3.
    3. Connect the galvanometer or voltmeter across one pair of opposite
    junctions in the diamond.
    4. Connect the variable battery across the other pair of opposite
    junctions in the diamond.
    5. Turn on the power supply and adjust the variable resistors until the
    galvanometer or voltmeter shows no deflection. This indicates that
    the bridge is balanced.
    6. Once the bridge is balanced, record the values of the known
    resistors (R1and R2) and the variable resistors (Rx and R3).
    7. Calculate the value of the unknown resistor Rx using the formula:
    Rx= R3/R1 × R2
    Result:

     The value of the unknown resistance Rx is determined accurately


    using the Wheatstone bridge principle.
     The experiment demonstrates the relationship between resistances
    in a balanced bridge configuration.
    Applications of Wheatstone Bridge:
     Strain Gauge Measurements

     Temperature Sensing

     Electrical Metrology

     Process Control

     Bioimpedance Analysis

     Bridge Amplifiers

     Structural Health Monitoring

     Communication Systems

     Network Analysis

     Load Cells
    Bibliography:

     Khan Academy. (https://www.kahnacademy.org)

     All About Circuits. (https://www.allaboutcircuits.com)

     Electronics Hub. (https://www.electronicshub.org)

     ScienceDirect. (https://www.sciencedirect.com)

     Google Images. (https://www.images.google.com)

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