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    Cancer 3

    Uploaded by

    laviainrose1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cancer 3

    Uploaded by

    laviainrose1
    3 views3 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views3 pages

    Cancer 3

    Uploaded by

    laviainrose1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Cancer

    CLASSIFICATION OF CANCER
    CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS

    nursing
    Class Example Side effect
    applications

    Alkylating cyclophosphami
    agents de, cisplatin

    nausea, mucositis,
    Antimeta 5-fluorouracil,
    diarrhoea, bone
    bolites methotrexate marrow depression.

    neurotoxicity with
    peripheral only drug does not
    Mitotic
    Vincristine neuropathy, cause bone marrow
    inhibitors paralytic ileus, suppression
    alpecia

    1. Avoid fresh fruits


    and vegetables
    2. Avoid crowd and
    Antiumor nausea, red urine
    Doxorubicin (not hematuria)
    sick people
    antibiotics 3. monitor patient
    temperature
    Fever 100.3F

    Miscellaneous Imatinib

    Advise patients to
    report heavy period
    Hormonal Tamoxifen Clots and excessive
    bleeding
    Cancer progression
    ANAPLASIA : Cancer cells lose their normal functions

    AUTONOMY : Develop characteristics that allow them to grow in uninhabited way , without
    usual hemostasis restrictions that regulate cell growth & control

    METASTASIS: the ability to travel to other sites in the body that are conducive to their growth

    ANGIOGENESIS: Cancer cells have the ability to grow new blood vessels to feed the tumour

    Treatment strategies

    Goal of treatment Targeted therapy

    The main goal of is a cure (eradication of every Immunotherapy is a treatment for some types of
    neoplastic cell) cancer. It uses the immune system to find and kill
    If a cure is not attainable, then the goal becomes control cancer cells.
    of the disease Either by surgery and/or by
    radiation,followed by chemotherapy, immunotherapy.
    In advanced stages of cancer, the goal is palliation (
    Chemotherapeutic drugs may be used to relieve Adverse effect of
    symptoms caused by the cancer )
    chemotherapy
    Hair loss - Alopecia
    Principle of cancer weight loss/weight gain
    chemotherapy long term central venous catheter
    skin changes (colour, rashes, sensitivity to
    strives to cause a lethal cytotoxic event sunshine / chlorine, dry)
    attack directed toward DNA . Fatigue: often multi-factorial
    peripheral neuropathy
    anticancer drugs do not specifically recognize altered kidney function
    neoplastic cells change in hearing (high dose cisplatin)
    late effects : infertility, secondery malignancy,
    growth

    How to mange adverse effects

    Mesna Leucovorin
    Amifostine(Ethyol) Dexrazoxane
    (Mesnex) (Wellcovorin)

    Preserves healthy
    Used to reduce the Active from of folic acid
    cells from the toxic
    incidence of Interferes with the that is used to “rescue”
    effects of cisplatin
    hemorrhagic cystitis cardiotoxic effects normal cells from the
    (protect the
    caused by of doxorubicin adverse effects of
    kidneys toxicity
    cyclophosphamide Methotrexate therapy
    and dry mouth)
    MANAGEMENT OF SIDE EFFECTS

    Side effect Treatment / Management

    Chemotherapy induced Nausea and


    5HT3 Antagonist and Dexametgasone
    Vomiting

    Magic mud (lidocaine) and


    Mucositis
    Acetaminophen

    Constipation with scar tissue Low residue dite

    Diarrhea Loperamide and Atropine

    Peptic Ulcer Proton Pump Inhibitors or H2 receptor blocker

    Hemorrhagic Cystitis MESNA

    Plantar-Palmer Erythrodysesthesia (Hand foot Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and moisturizers


    syndrome ) (dermatological grade)

    Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Diuretics, corticosteroids and thrombolytics

    Neutropenia Filgrastim

    Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation


    Peripheral Neuropathy
    (TENS)

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