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Transformer

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What is the classification of the

transformer?
For the industrial electrical industry and some other fields, a transformer is
an indispensable device. The transformer is widely used to solve electrical
problems. Today, Vietnamtransformer will join you in learning about the
transformer's primary classification to better understand this equipment.

Table of Contents

1. Types of transformer based on the transformer's core

a. Core Type Transformer

b. Shell Type Transformer

c. Berry Type Transformer

2. Types of transformer based on voltage conversion

a. Step Up Transformer

b. Step Down Transformer

3. Types of transformer based on its purpose

a. Power Transformer

b. Distribution Transformer

c. Isolation Transformer

d. Instrument Transformers

e. Current Transformer

f. Potential Transformer

4. Transformer types based on windings

a. Two Winding Transformer

b. Autotransformer

5. Transformer types based on the insulation used

a. Dry Type Transformer


b. Oil Immersed Transformer

6. Transformer types based on the number of phases

a. Single Phase Transformer

b. Three Phase Transformer

Like many other electrical devices, there are many ways to classify types of
transformer

 Based on phase, we will divide into two types of transformers that is single-
phase transformers and three-phase transformers
 According to the function, there are Step-up transformers and Step down
transformers
 According to the usage: power transformers,distribution transformer,
isolation transformer
 Based on windings, we have Two Winding Transformers and
Autotransformers.
 Based on core design, we have Core Type Transformer, Shell Type
Transformer, and Berry Type Transformer.

1. Types of transformer based on the transformer's core


One of the main differences between a core-type transformer and a shell-
type transformer is how the winding surrounds the core. In shell-type
transformers, the core surrounds the transformer's windings, while on a
core-type transformer, the windings wrap around the core.

a. A core type transformer has two cylinders and two horizontal bars
forming the frame. The magnetic core is a square form with a common
magnetic circuit. The cylindrical coils (HV and LV) are located on two
cylinders.
b. Shell type transformer has a center cylinder and two outer cylinders.
Both the HV and LV coils of it are located on a center column. This
transformer has a dual magnetic circuit.

c. Berry type transformer: Magnetic circuit looks like a wheel. The metal
shell is tightly fixed and filled with oil inside.
2. Types of transformers based on voltage conversion
a. Step-up transformer

The step-up transformer helps the voltage increase on the output side
because the number of turns on the secondary is always more than the
number of turns on the primary. A high voltage is developed on the
secondary side of the transformer.

In countries like India, electricity is generated at 11kv. For economic


reasons, AC power is transmitted at very high voltage (220v-440v) over
long distances. Hence a step-up transformer is applied at the generating
station.

b. Step-down transformer

A step-down voltage transformer reduces the output voltage. In other


words, it converts high voltage, low current power into low voltage, high
current power. For example, the power supply has a voltage of 230-110v,
but the doorbell only requires 16v. Therefore, it is recommended to use a
step-down transformer to reduce the voltage from 110v or 220v to 16v.

For many regions, the voltage is reduced to 440v / 230v for safety reasons,
so the number of turns on the secondary is less than the primary ones;
Less voltage is generated at the transformer's output (secondary) end.
3. Types of transformers based on their purpose
a. Power Transformer

Power transformers are mainly used in the transmission networks of higher


voltages. Its ratings are as follows 400kv, 200kv, 110kv, 66kv, 33kv. Most
of the power transformer is rated above 200MVA. They are installed at the
generating stations, transmission substations, which need a high-capacity
transformer. The power transformer is designed for maximum efficiency of
100% and is larger than the distribution transformer.

At a very high voltage, the power cannot be distributed to the consumer


directly because they need smaller voltage, so the power is stepped down
to the desired level with the help of a step-down power transformer. The
transformer is not loaded fully; hence the core loss occurs for the whole
day, but the copper loss is based on the load cycle of the distribution
network.

Suppose the power transformer is connected to the transmission network.


In that case, the load fluctuation will be significantly less as it is not
connected to the consumer end directly. Still, if connected to the
distribution network, there will be fluctuations in the load.

The transformer is loaded for 24 hours at the transmission station; thus, the
core and copper loss will occur for the whole day. The power transformer is
cost-effective when the power is generated at low voltage levels. If the
voltage level is raised, then the current of the power transformer is
reduced, resulting in I2R losses and the voltage regulation is also
increased.

b. Distribution Transformer

A distribution transformer, also known as a consumption transformer, is


responsible for switching from a low medium voltage source to the voltage
used for home appliances and industrial equipment.

Distribution transformers are intended to reduce the voltage for distribution


for users or commercial use. This machine has good voltage regulation and
can operate 24 hours a day with maximum efficiency at 50% load.

c. Isolation Transformer

Isolation transformers are transformers with the primary and secondary


winding independently of each other, and there is only a magnetic flux
relationship between them. Unlike autotransformers, isolating transformers
are composed of the primary and secondary windings linked only through a
magnetic field. The windings are separated so that they are electrically
independent and form the distinct points of the isolation transformer:

 Any point on the secondary coil has a voltage of zero relatives to the
ground. So when we touch any point on the secondary winding, there will
be no shock. The voltage is different in the 2 points of the secondary
winding, which is the most significant advantage of the isolation
transformer. It helps to reduce the risk of electrical leakage in the device
housing and provides safety during use.
 Each primary or secondary winding has a different volt-ampere
characteristic according to the ratio of turns on the primary and secondary
districts.
d. Instrument Transformers

The instrument Transformer is generally called an isolation transformer. It


is an electrical device used to transform current as well as a voltage levels.
The most common use of instrument transformers is to safely isolate the
secondary winding when the primary has high voltage and high current
supply. The measuring instrument, energy meters, or relays connected to
the transformer's secondary side will not get damaged. The instrument
transformer is further divided into two types:

 Current Transformer (CT)


 Potential Transformer (PT)
e. Current Transformer

The current transformer is used for measuring electricity and also for
protection. When the current is high to apply directly to the measuring
instrument, the current transformer is used to transform the high current
into the current required value in the circuit.

The transformer's primary winding is connected in series to the main supply


and the various measuring instruments like an ammeter, voltmeter,
wattmeter, or protective relay coil to measure and control electricity. They
have an accurate current ratio and phase relation to enable the meter
accurately on the secondary side. The term ratio is significant in CT.

f. Potential Transformer

The potential transformer is an instrument transformer used to transform


voltage from a higher value in the primary windings to a lower value in the
secondary windings. This transformer steps down the voltage to a safe limit
value that the ordinary low voltage instrument like wattmeter, voltmeter,
and watt-hour meters can easily measure.

4. Transformer types based on windings


a. A two-winding transformer (conventional winding transformer) has a fixed
number of turns. They are separate; It is a static machine that transfers
electrical energy from one end to another without changing frequency. A
two-winding transformer has two separate winding, which is the primary
and secondary winding.

b. Auto-transformer shares the same turns (of wire) between the input and
the output connections. The primary and secondary winding are not
electrically insulated.

5. Transformer types based on the insulation used


a. Dry Type Transformer

The dry-type transformer is a type of transformer not using any insulating


liquid where its winding or core is immersed in liquid. Instead, the windings
and core are kept within a sealed tank that is pressurized with air. They are
still very safe without liquid.

We have two types of the dry-type transformer, that is Cast Resin Dry Type
Transformer (CRT) and Vacuum pressure Impregnated Transformer (VPI)

b. Oil ImmersedTransformer

It's also called an oil-filled transformer. The oil-immersed transformer is a


kind of voltage transformation device using an oil cooling method to reduce
the transformer temperature. Unlike the dry-type transformer, the body of
an oil-immersed transformer is installed in the welded steel oil tank filled
with insulation oil. When operating, the heat of the coil and iron core is first
transformed into the insulation oil and then to the cooling medium. And
according to the capacity sizes, it can be divided into an immersed natural
cooling transformer and an immersed forced air cooling transformer.

6. Transformer types based on the number of phases


a. Single Phase Transformer

A single-phase transformer is an electrical device that accepts single-phase


AC power and outputs single-phase AC. A single-phase transformer is
used in non-urban areas as the overall demand and costs are lower than
the 3-phase distribution transformer. They decrease the home voltage to a
suitable value without a change in frequency, so it's used as a step-down
transformer. For this reason, it is commonly used in electronic appliances
at residences.

b. Three Phase Transformer

A three-phase transformer is made of three sets of primary and secondary


windings. Each set of windings wound around one leg of an iron core
assembly. It looks like three single-phase transformers sharing one joined
core as in the image below.
Three-phase oil-immersed transformer

We hope the above information will answer your question about the types
of transformer.

Brief information about Vietnamtransformer (MBT) Company

"QUALITY NURTURING RELIABILITY"

MBT is the leading enterprise in Vietnam in the field of electrical equipment


manufacturing. With the business motto "Get the quality to nurture trust,"
MBT focuses on investing in a system of modern advanced technology
lines for four factories with nearly 20,000 square meters in area. Most of
the input materials are imported from the Group of Seven nations (G7).
1. What are the major types of transformers?

 According to its voltage level

1. Step Up Transformer
2. Step Down Transformer
3. Isolation Transformer

 According to its core material

1. Iron Core Transformer


2. Air Core Transformer

 According to its windings arrangement

1. Three Winding Transformer


2. Two Winding Transformer
3. Auto Transformer

 According to use

1. Power Transformer
2. Distribution Transformer

2. What are the 5 applications of transformers?

 Industrial

 Regulation

 Isolation

 Modern Application

 Power Distribution and Transmission

3. Which type of transformer is most commonly used?

4. Why do transformers only work with AC?

5. How often should transformer oil be changed?

 Envirotemp FR3 high-fire-point dielectric fluid Features

 High-grade Mineral Oil Features

6. How to choose the correct transformer type?


 Rated Power

 Primary and Secondary Voltage

 Frequency

 Single Phase or Three Phase

7. What Daelim Transformer has to offer?

 Three Phase Oil Immersed Small Substation Transformer

 Power Transformer

 Single-Phase Pad Mounted Transformer

 Standards

8. 3 MVA Transformer

9. 6.3MVA Transformer

Types of energy losses in the transformer

 Copper loss
 Iron loss
 Leakage of magnetic flux
 Hysteresis loss
 Magnetostriction

What is a Transformer?
Contents show
A transformer is a device used in power transmission to transfer electrical
energy from one electrical circuit to another, or in multiple circuits at a time. In
other words, it is a voltage control device that is widely used in the distribution
and transmission of AC power.

These are made to increase or decrease the AC voltage between the circuits
while controlling the frequency of the current by creating a conductive
connection between the two circuits. This is done through the application
of Faraday’s law of induction which states that “the magnitude of the induced
voltage in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux which
cuts across the coil”.

Transformers can also be used for isolation, where voltage is equal to the
voltage output, with the individual coils not electrically tied to each other. A
wide range of transformer designs and sizes are located in electronic and
electric power applications.

Types of Transformers
Following are the main types of transformers:

1. Step down transformer


2. Step up transformer
3. Single phase transformer
4. Three phase transformer
5. Power transformer
6. Distribution transformer
7. Current transformer
8. Isolation transformer
9. Potential transformer
10. Instrument transformer
11. Air Core transformer
12. Iron core transformer
13. Ferrite core transformer
14. Toroidal core transformer
15. Autotransformer
16. Grounding or earthing transformer

Table of Contents
 What is a Transformer?
 Types of Electrical Transformers
 Based on its Core;
o Air core Transformer
o Ferromagnetic/Iron Core Transformer
 Based On Voltage Conversion:
o Step Up Transformer
o Step Down Transformer
 Based On Its Usage:
o Power Transformer
o Distribution Transformer
o Isolation Transformer:
o Instrument Transformers:
 Current Transformer
 Potential Transformer
 Based On Windings;
o Two Winding Transformer;
o Autotransformer:
 Based On The Insulation Used;
o Dry Type Transformer:
o Oil Immersed Transformer:
 Based On Phase
o Single Phase Transformer:
o Three Phase Transformer:
 Based On Core Design:
o Core Type Transformer:
o Shell Type Transformer:
o Berry Type Transformer

1. Power transformers
2. Distribution transformers
3. Instrument transformers
1. Potential transformers or voltage transformers
2. Current transformer
4. Dry type transformer
5. Oil-immersed transformers
6. Isolation transformer
7. Constant Voltage transformer
8. Phase Shifting transformers
9. Step-Voltage regulators
10. Autotransformers
11. Grounding transformers
12. Toroidal transformer

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