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BLD203LectureNoteModule1

Concept of building structures

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21 views

BLD203LectureNoteModule1

Concept of building structures

Uploaded by

dreydefi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

COURSE OUTLINE

BLD 203: Structural Mechanics and Strength of Materials I


1. Introduction to mechanics and design of building structures.
The object of structural design
2. Statics of Particles – Forces in a plane
– Forces in space
3. Statics of Rigid bodies in two dimensions
4. Statics of rigid bodies in three dimensions
5. Properties of structural sections – centroid, First Moment of Area, Moments of Inertia,
Compound, Sections Radius of Gyration, Polar moment of Inertia, Section modulus,
Principal axes and Principal moments of inertia. Mohr’s circles for moment and product
of Inertia.
6. Direct stress and strain – tension and compression. Stress/strain curves, Hooke’s law,
Poisson’s effect, factor of safety, strain energy, initial stresses, suddenly applied loads,
falling loads, creep under loading, fluctuating stress, fatigue under repeated stresses,
7. Analysis of statically determinate structures.
- Trusses (Method of Joints, sections and graphical methods, calculation
of displacement of joints).
- Beams
- Frames
- Cables
Shear force, axial force and Bending moment relationship and diagrams.
8. Influence lines for trusses and simply supported beams.

Recommended Textbooks
1. Engineering Mechanics by S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and J.V. Rao
2. A textbook of Engineering Mechanics by R.S.Khurmi
3. Mechanics of Materials by B.C. Punmia, A.K. Jain and A.K. Jain
4. Strength of Materials and Structures by J. Case, L. Chilver and C.T.F Ross
5. Strength of Materials by G.H. Ryder
OBJECTIVES OF DESIGN
A structural engineer is a member of a team that works together to design a building, bridge, or
other structure. In the case of a building, an architect generally provides the overall layout, and
mechanical, electrical, and structural engineers design individual systems within the building.
The structure should satisfy four major criteria:
1. Appropriateness. The arrangement of spaces, spans, ceiling heights, access, and traffic flow
must complement the intended use. The structure should fit its environment and be aesthetically
pleasing.
2. Economy. The overall cost of the structure should not exceed the client’s budget. Frequently,
teamwork in design will lead to overall economies.
3. Structural adequacy. Structural adequacy involves two major aspects.
(a) A structure must be strong enough to support all anticipated loadings safely.
(b) A structure must not deflect, tilt, vibrate, or crack in a manner that impairs its usefulness.
4. Maintainability. A structure should be designed so as to require a minimum amount of simple
maintenance procedures.

WHAT IS MECHANICS?
Mechanics can be defined as that science which describes and predicts the conditions of rest or
motion of bodies under the action of forces. It is divided into three parts: mechanics of rigid bodies,
mechanics of deformable bodies, and mechanics of fluids.
The mechanics of rigid bodies is subdivided into statics and dynamics, the former dealing with
bodies at rest, the latter with bodies in motion. In this part of the study of mechanics, bodies are
assumed to be perfectly rigid. Actual structures and machines, however, are never absolutely rigid
and deform under the loads to which they are subjected. But these deformations are usually small
and do not appreciably affect the conditions of equilibrium or motion of the structure under
consideration. They are important, though, as far as the resistance of the structure to failure is
concerned and are studied in mechanics of materials, which is a part of the mechanics of
deformable bodies. The third division of mechanics, the mechanics of fluids, is subdivided into
the study of incompressible fluids and of compressible fluids. An important subdivision of the
study of incompressible fluids is hydraulics, which deals with problems involving water.
Mechanics is a physical science, since it deals with the study of physical phenomena. However,
some associate mechanics with mathematics, while many consider it as an engineering subject.
Both these views are justified in part. Mechanics is the foundation of most engineering sciences
and is an indispensable prerequisite to their study.
However, it does not have the empiricism found in some engineering sciences, i.e., it does not rely
on experience or observation alone; by its rigor and the emphasis it places on deductive reasoning,
it resembles mathematics. But, again, it is not an abstract or even a pure science; mechanics is an
applied science. The purpose of mechanics is to explain and predict physical phenomena and thus
to lay the foundations for engineering applications.
Statics is that branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with the forces and their effects,
while acting upon the bodies at rest.
Dynamics is that branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with the forces and their effects,
while acting upon the bodies in motion. The subject of Dynamics may be further sub-divided into
the following two branches:
1. Kinetics, and 2. Kinematics.
Kinetics is the branch of Dynamics, which deals with the bodies in motion due to the application
of forces.
Kinematics is that branch of Dynamics, which deals with the bodies in motion, without any
reference to the forces which are responsible for the motion.

FUNDAMENTAL UNITS
The measurement of physical quantities is one of the most important operations in engineering.
Every quantity is measured in terms of some arbitrary, but internationally accepted units, called
fundamental units.
All the physical quantities, met with in Engineering Mechanics, are expressed in terms of three
fundamental quantities, i.e.
1. length, 2. mass and 3. time.

DERIVED UNITS
Sometimes, the units are also expressed in other units (which are derived from fundamental units)
known as derived units e.g. units of area, velocity, acceleration, pressure etc.

SYSTEMS OF UNITS
There are only four systems of units, which are commonly used and universally recognised.
These are known as:
1. C.G.S. units, 2. F.P.S. units, 3. M.K.S. units and 4. S.I. units.
In this book, we shall use only the S.I. system of units, as the future courses of studies are conduced
in this system of units only.

S.I. UNITS (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS)


This system of units is now being used in many countries. In this system of units, the fundamental
units are metre (m), kilogram (kg) and second (s) respectively. But there is a slight variation in
their derived units. The following derived units will be used in this book:
Density (Mass density) kg/m3
Force N (Newton)
Pressure N/mm2 or N/m2
Work done (in joules) J = N-m
Power in watts W = J/s
International metre, kilogram and second are discussed here.
Read pages 3 – 15 (Engineering Mechanics by S. Timoshenko, D.H. Young and J.V. Rao)

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