The form and functions of Social Organization.

1. Analyze the Significance of Cultural, Social, Political and

Economic Symbols and Practices

How society is Organized?

Objectives:
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Understand the nature of various social groups;
2. Define and identify the different types of groups in society;

3. Explain the role of social groups in shaping identities of individual

person.

Society is made up of social groups. A social group consists of

two or more people who identify with and interact with one another.
People who make up a group share experiences, loyalties, and interests.
Examples of social groups are couples, families, circles of friends and
barkada, churches, clubs, businesses, neighborhoods, and large
organizations.
Social group is a collection of individuals who have relations with one
another that
make them interdependent to some significant degree.
Interdependence – a necessary condition that exists within social groups
because it is what enables its members to pursue shared goals, value and
principles.
It differentiates social group from an aggregate, or a mere collection of
people within
a particular place and time.
Members of society belong to the following social groups:
1. Primary group –a small, intimate, and less specialized group whereby
members engaged in emotion-based interaction and interdependence over
an
extended period of time.
EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY GROUP:families, friends, peers, neighbors,
classmates, sororities, fraternities, and church members.These groups are
marked by primary relationships in which communication is informal.
Members of primary groups have strong emotional ties.
2. Secondary group – a larger, less intimate and more specialized group
whereby members engaged in objective-oriented relationships for a limited
of time.
EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY GROUP: study groups, sports teams, schoolmates,
attorney-client, doctor-patient, coworkers, etc. Such groups can be
understood to be ones in which individuals exchange explicit (e. g. labor for
wage, service for payment
3. In-group- a group to which a person belongs, and with which he or she
feels
sense of identity. An out-group meanwhile, is a group to which one does
not
belong and to which he or she may feel hostility.
EXAMPLE: If you are female, your gender in-group includes all females, and
your gender out-group includes all males.
4. Reference group – a group which has a strong influence on an
individual’s,
beliefs, values, behavior and attitude.
5. Network group –refers to the structure of relationship which has
interconnections, ties, and linkages between people, their groups, and the
larger social institutions to which they all belong.
EXAMPLE OF NETWORK GROUP: family, classmates, colleagues, neighbors,
etc.

Analyze The Forms and Functions of Social

Organizations

Objectives:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. trace kinship ties and social networks.
2. described and organized nature of social life and rules governing
behaviour;
3. learn about different kinds of authority and legitimacy practiced in politics.

WHAT’S IN
In the previous lesson, the learners identifiedtheir
social participation in primary and secondary groups. They are
now ready to be socially involved in bigger mainstream of
Institutions in the society. In this part of the lesson they will be
able to learn and analyze about functions of different social
organizations that radically affects their cultural orientation.

Social organization is defined as the system of relationships between

persons and among groups with regard to the division of activity and
functional
mutual obligations within society. The family serves as an important
universal social
institution. It is the basic unit of social organization that is essential part of
human
society. There are several kinds of families: nuclear (consist of parents and
children),
extended (nuclear family with relatives), and reconstituted families
(spouses and
children from previous marriage). It is the basis of kinship- a system of social
organization which is based on recognized family ties. Kinship ties is based
on
descent can be Matrilineal (female line), Patrilineal Kinship (male line),
and
Bilineal kinship (both female and male lines).
-Kinship is of three types: Consanguineous kinship that is also known as
a
kinship by blood, affinal kinship which is also known as kinship by marriage,
and the
kinship by ritual. Affinal kinship, on the other hand refers to the bond that
is formed
through marriage. It can be monogamous or polygamous. Monogamy
means that a
person is married to one person only. Polygamy, on the other hand, means
that a
person has more than one spouse at a time.
-Kinship plays a huge role in the kind of society that we are living today. Its
influences affect our politics and economy. One example would be the
existence of
the political dynasties .A dynasty refers to a succession of rulers from the
same
family or lineage. Political organizations follow certain guidelines or
regulations to
ensure that political processes are going smoothly.
-Authority – is the concept of right to issue and, using coercive power to
enforce a command.
-Legitimacy – originated from the Latin word “legitimare”, meaning to
declare,
lawful”. According to Weber, it is the basis of every system of authority, a
willingness
to obey, and a belief by virtue of which persons exercising authority are lent
prestige”
-Weber’s Theory of Authority is classified into three types:
Traditional Authority-is legitimated by sanctity of tradition or custom
Charismatic Authority-is authority made legitimate by a leader with a
mission and vision that inspires others.
Legal-Rational Authority-refers to a form of leadership made legitimate by
legal rationality. It legitimacy derived from the power of the content of law.
Instructions: The details pertaining to cultural, social and political institutions
are
given below. Identify what is asked by completing the statement. Choices
are cited
below right after the sentences.

Kinship, Marriage, and the Household

Kinship - refers to human relationship, that is, A person’s relationship

by blood or marriage to another person or others. It creates a network of
social relationship that are basic and essential in the lives of most humans in
most societies.

Kinship by blood - refers to relationship by descent, that is, the relationship

that arises in one’s group of origin (descent group) or that which refers to
genetic relatedness.

Kind of Kinship by Blood:

Consanguinity – relationship by blood or by descent of the same

ancestor and is related to genealogy – a line of descent directly traceable
from an ancestor.

Patrilineal – kinships is reckoned through his or her father’s line of

descent.

a.) Kinship by Marriage

 Marriage – a socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract
between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them.

Affinity – the kinship by marriage or the human relation through

marriage.

b.) Kinship by Rituals - refers to ritual parent-child relations such as the

godparent-godchild relationship established through the baptism ceremony
of Roman Catholics. In the Philippines, this is called the compadre system.

In some societies, kinship relationships extend to people an individual

has religious, economic, or political relationship with or other kinds of social
ties such as friendship.

c.) Political Kinship - kinship relations may extend to people an individual

or a family has

political affiliation with.

What is Family?

Family is a social institution found in all societies that unites people in

cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children (Macionis
2012: 418).

What are the types of Family?

Nuclear Family- or Elementary Family it is a family group consisting of a

pair of adults, and their offspring, regardless of the number, as nuclear
family may have any number of children. Also called as conjugal family.
Extended Family- which extends beyond the immediate family, the basic
example of which is a married couple and his children that live with either
the husband or the wife’s parents.

Reconstituted Family - which is formed by the joining of two adults

through marriage, cohabitation, or civil partnership, in which either one or
both adults have a child or children from a previous relationship living in
their home.

Transnational Family - are those which “adopt separate living

arrangement in two or

more countries but retain close links with their homeland” and called
separated families.

What is Political Organization?

Political organization refers to the way power is distributed and

embedded in societies.
Political Characteristics
Organization
1. Band  In many areas of the world, small groups of
people connected mainly by kinship ties
organize themselves into a community.
 This form of organization is called a band. A
band is usually led by a headman who members
of the community considered as either their
best hunter or wisest member.
 A band, which is by itself a politically
autonomous organization and a type of society
typically comprises about 100 persons and
 occupies a large local territory that serves as
their hunting or foraging ground.
 Members of the band either live within one
community or scatter themselves across
2. Tribes  The integrated formation of multi-local kin
groups can be referred as a tribal society or a
tribe.
 As a tribe, communities of kin form an informal
structure especially in cases of outside threats
but breaks up and return to a state of self-
reliance once that threat subsides.
 A tribe is rather fragile as a political system but
militarily and organizationally efficient in
dealing with threats whether from an external
enemy or natural calamities.
3. Chiefdom  Some societies organize some form of formal
structures that integrate several communities
into a political unit under the leadership of a
council with or without a chief. These societies
are referred as chiefdoms.
 A chiefdom, however, is usually headed by a
chief, a person of higher rank as well as
authority compared to other members of a
council.
 The council that makes up a chiefdom normally
comprises the chiefs of a community or multiple
communities (district).
 The primary role of the chief is to resolve
conflicts, distribute goods, plan the use of
resources and public labor, supervise religious
ceremonies, and command military affairs in
 accordance with the interest of the chiefdom
4. States  The most formal of political organizations and is
one of the hallmarks of civilization.
 political power is centralized in a government
which may Legitimately use force to regulate
the affairs of its citizens.
 Weber’s monopoly on the legitimate use of
force.

Economic Institutions - A company or an organization that deals with money

or with

managing the distribution of money, goods, and services in an economy.

Examples are banks, government organizations, and investment funds.

Non-Economic Institution - These are institutions that are not controlled by

the government or by the State. Examples are banks, corporations, private
institutions.

Education- is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of

knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

Function of Education

 A primary role of education is to equip people with the knowledge and

confidence to make

a difference in the transformation of society.

  In addition to providing students with content knowledge, education
helps instill values, attitudes and behaviors that align with those
expected in a society.
 Create productive citizens of the nation.
 Education prepares young people for the demands of work life and
mitigates the risks

of poverty.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 209

THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

July 6, 1987

I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers

vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order and promulgate the
Family Code of the Philippines, as follows:

TITLE I

MARRIAGE

Chapter 1. Requisites of Marriage

Article 1. Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man

and a woman entered into in accordance with law for the establishment of
conjugal and family life. It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable
social institution whose nature, consequences, and incidents are governed
by law and not subject to stipulation, except that marriage settlements may
fix the property relations during the marriage within the limits provided by
this Code. (52a)

Art. 2. No marriage shall be valid, unless these essential requisites are

present:

(1) Legal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a male and a
female; and
 (2) Consent freely given in the presence of the solemnizing
officer. (53a)ChanRoblesVirtualawlibrary

Art. 3. The formal requisites of marriage are:

(1) Authority of the solemnizing officer;

(2) A valid marriage license except in the cases provided for in Chapter
2 of this Title; and

(3) A marriage ceremony which takes place with the appearance of the
contracting parties before the solemnizing officer and their personal
declaration that they take each other as husband and wife in the
presence of not less than two witnesses of legal age. (53a,
55a)ChanRoblesVirtualawlibrary

Art. 4. The absence of any of the essential or formal requisites shall render
the marriage void ab initio, except as stated in Article 35 (2).

A defect in any of the essential requisites shall not affect the validity of the
marriage but the party or parties responsible for the irregularity shall be
civilly, criminally and administratively liable. (n)ChanRoblesVirtualawlibrary

Art. 5. Any male or female of the age of eighteen years or upwards not under
any of the impediments mentioned in Articles 37 and 38, may contract
marriage. (54a)ChanRoblesVirtualawlibrary