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DGCA QUESTION BANK FOR PILOTS

Practice until you score 100 %

TURBULENCE 1
#1. The vertical extent of the friction layer depends primarily on

roughness of surface, temperature, local time

temperature, local time, environmental lapse rate
stability, wind speed, roughness of surface
wind speed, roughness of surface, temperature

#2. Low level wind shear is likely to be greatest

at the top of a marked surface-based inversion

at the condensation level when there is no night radiation.
at the condensation level when there is strong surface friction
at the top of the friction layer

#3. Which cloud type may indicate the presence of severe turbulence?

Cirrocumulus
Nimbostratus
Altocumulus lenticularis
Stratocumulus

#4. Low level vertical wind shear can be expected during the night

in association with radiation inversions

in unstable atmospheres
and early morning only in winter
 and early morning only in summer

#5. What is the effect of a strong low level inversion?

It results in good visual conditions

It promotes vertical windshear.
It promotes extensive vertical movement of air.
It prevents vertical windshear

#6. A wide body aircraft takes off on a clear night in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Shortly after take off the aircraft’s rate of climb drops to zero. This can be due to

very pronounced downdrafts

low relative humidity
a very strong temperature inversion
sand/dust in the engines

#7. Vertical wind shear is

vertical variation in the horizontal wind

vertical variation in the vertical wind
horizontal variation in the horizontal wind
horizontal variation in the vertical wind

#8. What is normally the most effective measure to reduce or avoid CAT effects?

Change of flight level.

Change of course.
Increase of speed.
Decrease of speed.

#9. How does moderate turbulence affect an aircraft?

Large, abrupt changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft may only be out of control
momentarily
Continued flight in this environment will result in structural damage.
 Changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all
times.
Rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness is experienced without appreciable changes in
altitude or attitude

#10. In which zone of a jet stream is the strongest CAT to be expected?

The warm air side of the core.

Exactly in the centre of the core.
Exactly in the centre of the core.
The cold air side of the core

#11. On a clear summer day, turbulence caused by solar heating is most

pronounced

during early morning hours before sunrise

about midmorning
during the early afternoon
immediately after sunset

#12. What units are used to report vertical wind shear?

kt.
m/100 FT.
m/sec.
kt/100 FT.

#13. Which degree of aircraft turbulence is determined by the following ICAO

description? “There may be moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude
but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times. Usually, small variations
in air speed. Changes in accelerometer readings of 0.5 to 1.0 g at the aircraft’s
enter of gravity. Occupants feel strain against seat belts. Loose objects move
about. Food service and walking is difficult.”

Severe.
Violent.
Moderate.
 Light.

#14. At the top of orographic waves, in mountainous regions, the cloud most
likely to be encountered is

cirrus.
cumulus mediocris
altocumulus lenticularis.
cirrostratus.

#15. A zone of strong convection currents is encountered during a flight. In spite

of moderate gust you decide to continue the flight. What are your precautionary
measures?

Increase the speed / try to climb above the zone of convective currents if aircraft
performance parameters allow.
Decrease the speed / try to descend below the zone of convective currents
Increase the speed / try to descend below the zone of convective currents.
Decrease the speed / try to climb above the zone of convective currents if aircraft
performance parameters allow

#16. All pilots encountering Clear Air Turbulence are requested to report it. You
experience CAT which causes passengers and crew to feel definite strain against
their seat belt or shoulders straps. Unsecured objects are dislodged. Food service
and walking are difficult. This intensity of CAT should be reported as

severe
extreme
moderate
light

#17. Which of the following conditions are most favourable to the formation of
mountain waves?

Unstable air at mountain top altitude and a wind at least 20 knots blowing across the
mountain ridge.
 Either stable or unstable air at mountain top and a wind of at least 30 knots blowing parallel
to the mountain ridge.
Moist unstable air at mountain top and wind of less than 5 knots blowing across the
mountain ridge.
Stable air at mountain top altitude and a wind at least 20 knots blowing across the
mountain ridge.

#18. Under which of the following conditions is the most severe CAT likely to be
experienced?

A westerly jet stream at low latitudes in the summer

A straight jet stream near a low pressure area
A curved jet stream near a deep trough
A jet stream, with great spacing between the isotherms

#19. You intend to carry out a VFR flight over the Alps, on a hot summer day,
when the weather is unstable. What is the best time of day to conduct this flight?

Mid-day.
Afternoon
Early evening.
Morning.

#20. The most dangerous low level wind shears are encountered

when strong ground inversions are present and near thunderstorms

in areas with layered clouds and wind speeds higher than 35 kt
during any period when wind speed is greater than 35 kt and near valleys
near valleys and at the windward side of mountains.

#21. The turbulence which occurs at high flight levels (above FL 250) is mainly of
the type Clear Air Turbulence. In what way can moderate to severe Clear Air
Turbulence affect an aircraft, the flight and the passengers?
The turbulence is wave like which makes the flight unpleasant for the passengers but the
manoeuvring will not be affected essentially
 The turbulence is a small scale one and can cause damage of worn out type. The
manoeuvring of the aircraft will be made more difficult or even impossible. For the
passengers the flight will be unpleasant.
The turbulence is a large scale one (waving) so that the aircraft will be difficult to
manoeuvre. The passengers will feel some discomfort.
The turbulence can be resembled with the roughness of a washing-board (small scale) and
will not have influence on the aircraft and its solidity, but will make flight a little more difficult.
The passengers will seldom notice anything of this turbulence

#22. The degree of clear air turbulence experienced by an aircraft is proportional

to the

intensity of the solar radiation

intensity of vertical and horizontal windshear
height of the aircraft
stability of the air

#23. Which cloud type may indicate the presence of severe turbulence?

Cirrocumulus
Nimbostratus
Altocumulus lenticularis
Stratocumulus

#24. Fallstreaks or virga are?

strong katabatic winds in mountainous areas and accompanied by heavy precipitation

water or ice particles falling out of a cloud that evaporate before reaching the ground
strong downdraughts in the polar jet stream, associated with jet streaks
gusts associated with a well developed Bora

#25. The presence of altocumulus lenticularis is an indication of the

development of thermal lows

presence of valley winds
presence of mountain waves
 risk of orographic thunderstorms

#26. Above and below a low level inversion the wind is likely to

experience little or no change in speed and direction

change significantly in speed and direction
change in speed but not in direction
change in direction but not in speed

#27. At the top of orographic waves, in mountainous regions, the cloud most
likely to be encountered is

cirrus.
cumulus mediocris.
altocumulus lenticularis.
cirrostratus.

#28. A flight is to depart from an airport with runways 09 and 27. Surface wind
is 270/05; an inversion is reported at 300 feet with turbulence and wind shear.
The wind just above the inversion is 090/30. What is the safest departure
procedure?

Take-off is not possible under these conditions.

Depart on runway 09 with a tailwind.
Depart runway 27 with maximum throttle during the passage through the inversion.
Depart runway 27 with as steep an ascent as possible.
FINISH