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assignment1

The document outlines an assignment for ECE 5324/6324, focusing on comparing signal amplitude in transmission lines and wireless systems, exploring the radiation strength of antennas versus transmission lines, and conducting quantitative analyses using MATLAB. It includes tasks such as plotting functions, rewriting equations in Cartesian coordinates, and analyzing current density in a circuit. Additionally, it provides hints for creating surface plots and emphasizes the differences in radiation characteristics between antennas and transmission lines.

Uploaded by

Rezwan Mohammad Sayeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

assignment1

The document outlines an assignment for ECE 5324/6324, focusing on comparing signal amplitude in transmission lines and wireless systems, exploring the radiation strength of antennas versus transmission lines, and conducting quantitative analyses using MATLAB. It includes tasks such as plotting functions, rewriting equations in Cartesian coordinates, and analyzing current density in a circuit. Additionally, it provides hints for creating surface plots and emphasizes the differences in radiation characteristics between antennas and transmission lines.

Uploaded by

Rezwan Mohammad Sayeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE 5324/6324

Spring 2024
Assignment 1

1.2-X6 Let’s compare the signal amplitude vs. range of a transmission-line, (e −αr) , and a
2

wireless system, 1/r 2.

(a) Plot these two functions together on a single log-log plot, letting = 0.1, and r covering the
range 0.1 to 100.
(b) Identify three ranges and in each range state which distribution method has stronger
delivered signal.
(c) If you could arbitrarily scale the relative signal power of the two distribution methods, could
you arrange it so that the signal is stronger at all ranges for the wireless system? For the
transmission-line?

Do you think there is more internet tra c distributed to end users through transmission lines
(coaxial and ber optic) or through the air wirelessly? See what answers you get from an LLM.
You may need to prompt with the phrase “last kilometer” to get an answer speci cally about
the last link in the distribution.

1.3-X4 Let’s do some quantitative exploration of why some things, such as antennas, radiate
much more strongly than others, such as transmission lines. In Chapter 2 we will learn that
small elements of current produce electric elds according to the following equation

e −jβr
E = IR sin θ θ ̂
r
where I is the complex value of a current element at the origin, that is oriented in the ẑ
direction, R is an arbitrary constant with units of Ohms, that gives this expression the right
units for an electric eld (i.e., Volts per meter), is the propagation constant, r, , and θ ̂ refer to
the usual de nitions in spherical coordinates.

(a) Rewrite this equation entirely in terms of Cartesian coordinates.


(b) Make a surface plot of the real part of the z-component of the electric eld in the x-y plane,
letting I= 1 and R = 1 and = 2 . Plot with x and y spanning the values -3 to 3. When we
set = 2 , we are setting the wavelength, = 1, so this plot will cover six wavelengths by
six wavelengths. For ease of comparison, use the same range for the electric eld, -2 to 2,
for all parts of this problem.
(c) Now plot the electric eld due to two current elements. One at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0) and one
at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0.1), and use the same current, I1 = I2 = 1, for both current elements.
(d) Now plot the electric eld due to two current elements. One at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0) and one
at (x, y, z) = (0,0.1,0), and use out of phase currents, I1 = 1 I2 = − 1.
𝛽
𝜋
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
𝛽
𝜋
ffi
𝜆
fi
𝛽
𝛼
fi
fi
𝜃
fi
(e) Which of the plots (c) and (d) corresponds to a part of an antenna and which to part of a
transmission line, as visualized in the simple radiator animations we have discussed. What
can you conclude about the strength of radiation from antennas vs. transmission line.

Notes and hints:

The surf command in MATLAB will create a surface plot from Cartesian coordinate data. You
will also need to use the meshgrid command to create the plot data. There are several
examples in the surf command documentation.

In case, it is not clear what I mean by surface plot, here is a surface plot for part (b) that I
generated in Mathematica.

To create a spatially shifted version of a function you can do the usual thing with a coordinate
o set. This does not work in spherical coordinates, which is why we switched the equation to
spherical coordinates.

fΔ (x, y, z) = f (x − Δx, y − Δy, z − Δz)


fΔ (r, θ, ϕ) ≠ f (r − Δr, θ − Δθ, ϕ − Δϕ)

The geometry described in (c) and (d) is not exactly the same as shown in the simple radiator
animations, because we are using only z-oriented current elements. In those animations the
antenna current is y-oriented, but the same principle applies, that current distributions in
antennas will favor parallel currents and transmission lines will have oppositely oriented to
reduce radiation and improve signal integrity.

1.4-1 (a) Stutzman and Thiele.


Just use the internet. Try to nd real images that show the actual antenna. For the electrically
small antenna, con rm that the antenna dimensions are small compared to the wavelength at
the operation frequency. Skip part (b).
ff
fi
fi
2.1-X5 (a) Find the total current as a sum of impressed and response current for the lumped
circuit below.

0 1 4 5
3

The current can be represented as a six component vector, with each component representing
a branch of the circuit, numbered as above.

(b) Now write down a total current density eld

JT = Jsource + Jresponse

assuming the physical circuit is laid out just like the schematic with the wires, resistors and
current sources all thin cylinders of radius, r, that carry a uniform current.

b
y
z x
a a a

The current density function can be written as a conditional expression, which I have started
below.
fi
I1ŷ x 2 + z 2 < r 2 and 0 < y < b
−I1x̂ y 2 + z 2 < r 2 and 0 < x < a

(y − b) + z < r and 0 < x < a


2 2 2
I1x̂
? ?
1
Jsournce (x, y, z) = 2 ? ?
πr ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
0 elsewhere

0 x 2 + z 2 < r 2 and 0 < y < b


0 y 2 + z 2 < r 2 and 0 < x < a
0 (y − b) + z 2 < r 2 and 0 < x < a
2

? ?
1 ? ?
Jresponse (x, y, z) =
π r2 ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
0 elsewhere

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