KNOWLEDGE SHARING PROGRAM

INTRODUCTION
Digital Electro Hydraulic System/Emergency Tripping System
OF Turbine
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1. OVERVIEW
With the progress of computer technology, the Distributed Computer System (DCS) control based
on microprocessors is more and more widely used. DEH is Digital Electro-Hydraulic system used
For control and protection of 600 MW Steam Turbine of ANPARA Power.

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Control
Functions

Protection
Supervising
Communication

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2.2. Control
Controlsystem
systemprinciple
principle
The primary mission of a steam turbine control system is to adjust the rotation
speed of the steam turbine via changing the opening extent of the control valve.
When a steam turbine generator unit operates within a grid, its rotation speed
responds to the grid frequency. In a grid system, when the whole generated
output power is balanced by the power consumed by all loads, the grid frequency
will keep stable, i.e., the rotation speed of a grid-connected generating set are
adjusted by all the sets in the grid system.

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2.2. Control
Controlsystem
systemprinciple
principle
In ANPARA Power Plant, two MSVs and four CVs are used for controlling
HP steam admission, and two RSVs and two ICVs are used for controlling IP
steam admission.
In order to ensure safe operation of ST, the hydraulic system is also fitted
with several sets of redundant protection assembly:
* Emergency tripping device and testing solenoid valve
* Over speed limiting solenoid valves
The main task of ST control system is to regulate ST speed through varying the
opening of control valves. The speed corresponds with the grid frequency when
the turbine generating unit is synchronized with the grid. When balance is
achieved between all power output of generators and all power consumed by all
load in grid, the grid frequency will keep stable, namely, the speed of the Unit
synchronized with grid will be regulated by all units in grid.
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3.3. Major
Majorfunctions
functionsofofDEH
DEHcontrol
controlsystem
system
Major functions of the control system of DEH are as follows:
1) Turbine latching
2) Auto adjusting servo system static relation
3) Control before startup
Auto judging hot state
4) Speed control
Raising speed: setting target, setting raising speed rate, and auto passing
through critical speed. 3000r/min constant speed
5) Load control

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Automatic synchronization;
Grid connection with initial load;
Raising load: setting target, setting load rate, holding warming;
Main steam pressure feedback control;
Load feedback control;
Primary frequency modulation;
CCS control;
High load limitation;
Low load limitation;
Valve position limitation;
Main steam pressure limitation;
Runback.

3.3. Major
Majorfunctions
functionsofofDEH
DEHcontrol
controlsystem
system
Major functions of the control system of DEH are as follows:
6) Overspeed control and Overspeed protection
* Overspeed limiting (103%)
* Load rejection
* Overspeed protection (110%)
* Acceleration protection
7) On-line test
* Spray oil test
* Overspeed test: (electric test, mechanical test)
* Valve movement test
* HP emergency tripping solenoid valve test
* Valve leak test
8) Switching-over of control modes
Steam turbine auto/manual mode
9) ST tripping

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Majorfunctions
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Communicate
Communicate with output device.
Communicate with DCS.
Communicate with other control system

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33Major
Majorfunctions
functionsofofDEH
DEHcontrol
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system
3.1 Turbine latching
When steam turbine is latched to reset all levers of emergency tripping device,
HP safety oil and oil return port of oil tank will be shut off, pressure switches
PS1, PS2, and PS3 will send out signals, and the pressure of HP safety oil is
built up.
When signals of TRIPPED and ALL VALVE CLOSED are available, it is
allowed to reset turbine. After DEH receives the order of turbine latching, the
resetting solenoid valve 1YV is energized. Turbine lube oil enters into
emergency tripping device, to push levers moving. The return oil of HP safety
oil to the oil tank is shut off, PS1, PS2, and PS3 will send out signals, and the
pressure of HP safety oil is built up. At the same time, HP tripping solenoid
valve 5YV, 6YV, 7YV and 8YV are energized.
Allowable conditions for turbine latching
Steam turbine is tripped
All steam admission valves are full closed.
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33Major
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3.2 Automatic setting of static relation of servo system
Prior to the start of a unit, the static relation setting for servo valves, LVDTs,
and servo modules must be completed to guarantee the control accuracy and
linearity of all adjusting 0-100%--lift range -0-100%.Such valves as CV,
CRV, and MSV2 can be checked simultaneously or respectively. The process
goes on at the OIS display.
1) The setting of static relation for a servo system prior to the start of a unit
must fulfill the following conditions:
Latching-on is available for the steam turbine.
All valves have been closed.

2) LVDT(linear variable differential transformer) installed.

In order to keep a good linearity of this relation, it is required that the iron
core of LVDT, which is used for back feeding on the oil servo motor, shall
keep moving in the middle section of linearity range when it is installed.
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3.3 Startup mode
1) Choose the startup mode
Startup mode Intermediate pressure (IP) cylinder start Combined start by HP
and IP cylinders.
After the turbine latched and no running, select the " HP /IP STARTUP MODE"
button in OIS by operator.
2)Automatic thermal condition judgment
A steam turbine's start process is also a heating process for both the steam turbine
and its rotor. In order to reduce the heat stress resulting from start, for different
initial temperature, different start curve shall be adopted.
Combined start by HP and IP cylinders the thermal state of the turbine is
automatically determined based on the temperature of the inner upper wall of the
HP inner casing at the control stage of the unit. If the temperature signal from the
upper wall fails, it wall be replaced by that of the lower wall automatically.

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3.3 Startup mode
Start-up of ST is a process during which ST and rotor are heated. In order to reduce
the thermal stress during start-up procedure, different starting curves are adopted
for different initial temperature.
DEH will automatically identify the thermal state of unit according to the
temperature (T) of inner upper wall of HP inner casing at regulation stage each time
closing switch. In case the temperature of upper wall is bad, it will automatically be
replaced by the one of lower wall.
T 320C
Cold state
320C<T<420C Warm state
420CT<445C
Hot state
445CT
Excessive hot state

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33 Major
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3.3 Startup mode
To each IP cylinder start, DEH may classify the thermal conditions of units based
on wall temperature T of IP internal cylinder.
T<305
Cold state
305T<420 Warm state
420T<490 Hot state
490T
Extremely hot state
3) Prewarming of CV casing
Prior to start, operators send out a prewarming instruction of CV casing to open
10% of the CV casing in right side and prewarming can be conducted to the four
CV casing at the same time.

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33Major
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3.4 Speed control
Before grid-connection of steam turbine-generator units, DEH is speed closed
loop isochronous control system. Its setpoint is a demand speed. The difference
between the demand speed and actual speed, after calculated with PID
regulator, by controlling the opening of oil servo motor by means of servo
system, enable the actual speed to follow the variation of the given speed.
Depending on startup modes, oil servo motors may be IP control valve ICV or
HP control valve CV and ICV.
After target speed is set, the given speed will approach to the target speed at a
specified raising speed rate. When it enters into the critical speed zone, the
raising speed rate will be automatically changed into 400r/min/min to pass
through the critical speed zone quickly. During raising speed, the steam turbine
normally needs to be warmed up at moderate speed or high speed, in order to
reduce thermal stress.
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3.4 Speed control
1) Target speed
Except that operators set target speed through OIS, DEH may automatically set
target speed under following conditions:
When steam turbine is just run, the target is current speed;
When breaker open, the target is 3000r/min;
When steam turbine is tripped, the target is zero.
When the target exceeds the upper limit, it will be changed into 3060 or
3360r/min;
During synchronization, the target will change with synchronization increasing or
decreasing signals (change rate 60r/min/min);
If the target is set by mistake at the critical zone, it shall be changed as a specified
critical value.
2) Speed rising rate
Set by operators, the rate is within (0~500) r/min/min,
If not set by operator , 100 r/min/min(cold), 150 r/min/min (warm), 300r/min/min
(hot and extreme hot)
In critical speed zone, the rate is 400r/min/min.
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33Major
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3.4 Speed control
3) Critical speed
DEH is usually set two ranges of critical speed for avoid critical shake:
The first range of critical speed is 910r/min 1113 r/min;
The second range of critical is 1541r/min 1946 r/min.
4) Friction Check
When actual speed reaches 200r/min click button of FRICTION CHECKin
the OIS and all CV closed then the turbine of speed decline gradually,go on
friction check set acceleration rate and target speed the turbine raising
speed again.

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3.4 Speed control
5)Warming up
The warming-up speed of steam turbine is depending on different units, i.e. each
units has its own warming-up speed value. Steam turbine warming-up speed is
usually set at 500r/min, 1500r/min, so the target speed is usually set at
500r/min,1500r/min. After the target speed value is met, stop rising speed for
warming-up. If it is required to hold rising speed during rising speed, the
following operations can be carried out:
The operator may give out a HOLD order;
When in critical speed zone, HOLD order is invalid, what you can do is to
modify the target speed.
Note: during warming-up, considerations must be taken to avoid the resonance
frequency of rotor and blades.

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3.4 Speed control
6) 3000r/min constant speed
The speed of steam turbine is maintained at 30002r/min to carry out inspections
prior to grid-connection for each system.
Pseudo synchronization test of generator shall be made to check the liability of
auto synchronization system and precision of adjustment. During the test, the
disconnecting switch of generator at the electric network side is opened, and
sendsout a signal of pseudo synchronization test. As normal operation, the auto
synchronization system will change the frequency and voltage of generator
through DEH and generator excitation system.
When synchronization conditions are met, the oil switch is closed. Therefore,
during the pseudo synchronization test, DEH receives pseudo synchronization
test signal, when the oil switch is closed, and will judge that the generator have
not been incorporated in grid. In this way, it can be avoided that the speed may be
increase due to synchronization with initial load.
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3.6 Overspeed Protection
1) Overspeed limit
The method that is used to prevent the speed of steam turbine from tripping steam
turbine speed is called as overspeed limitation.
1> Load rejection
Because the time constant of rotor of large capacity steam turbine is small and the
time constant of volume of steam cylinder, when load rejection takes place, the
speed of steam turbine will fly swiftly upward, if it is controlled with the speed
feed back of the system only, the highest speed may be over 110%, thus
emergency tripping of steam turbine may occur. the overspeed limitation solenoid
valve should be acted quickly, HP&IP control valves are closed, and the target
speed and the given speed should be changed into 3000r/min. After a period of
time, the overspeed limitation solenoid valve is de-energized, the control valves
are controlled by the servo valves again, speed closed-loop control is restored,
and finally the speed of the steam turbine is stabilized at 3000r/min. in this way,
the synchronization can be carried out quickly after the accident is eliminated.
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3.6 Overspeed Protection
2> 103% overspeed
If overspeed occurs, the life of the steam turbine will be influenced negatively.
Except the speed can exceed 103% speed only during the overspeed test of steam
turbine, it is allowed to exceed 103% speed at any time (103% means network
frequency up to 51.5Hz).
When not in overspeed test, once the speed exceeds 103%, act up the overspeed
limitation solenoid valve, close HP&IP control valves. After the speed is lower
than 103%, the overspeed limitation solenoid valve is de-energized, and the
control valves are controlled by the servo valves again.

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33Major
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3.6 Overspeed Protection
3> Acceleration protection
When unit happened load rejection, the rotor would accelerate unevenly. If the
value of acceleration is bigger the fixed value, DEH will send out some signal to
close CVs and ICVs in order to avoid unit happen overspeed.

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3.6 Overspeed Protection

2) Overspeed protection
If the speed of steam turbine is too high, the steam turbine may be damaged
due to action of centrifugal stress. In order to prevent from overspeed of steam
turbine, the DEH system is provided with overspeed limitation function, but if it
is failed to control the speed, and the preset speed is exceeded, turbine tripping
should be carried out immediately, to close all main steam valves and control
valves.
For safety and reliability, many overspeed protections are set in the system:
DEH electric overspeed protection 110%,
Mechanical overspeed protection.
In addition ,DEH contains following trip functions:
Trip signals from ETS.

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Majorfunctions
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3.6 Turbine Protection & Control Arrangement
Diagram1 DEH P&ID

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LATCH
LATCH

DRAIN

SPRAY
SPRAYTEST
TEST
HP TRIP OIL

HP TRIP OIL

LUB OIL
ORIFICE

1YV

2YV

2/3 PS
5YV

6YV

ZS

3YV

7YV

8YV

4YV

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33Major
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3.7 On-line test
1) Spray oil testing
In order to guarantee that the fly ring of emergency overspeed governor can quickly
fly out once the overspeed of units occurs to trip the steam turbine, the fly ring
should be tested for free movement.
During such a movement test, oil may be sprayed in the fly ring to increase
centrifugal force, so that it can fly out. The fly out of fly-ring due to spray test shall
not result in tripping.So, test isolation valve is added.
During the test, 4YV energized, 2YV energized, oil is sprayed into emergency
tripper, fly ring strikes out, and ZS2 sends signals, which means a successful test.
Permissive conditions for spray oil testing
SPARY OILbutton at ON position
The rotation speed shall be within (2985 3015)r/min.

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33Major
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3.7 On-line test
2) Overspeed test
3) Valve activity test
4) HP tripping solenoid valve testing
5) Valve leak test

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3.8 Switch operation modes
When DEH is just powered on, it first enters into a manual mode. If possible, it can
be switched to an automatic mode from by operators clicking button of
AUTO/MAN.Under the automatic mode if possible, it can be switched to an
CCS mode from OIS by operators clicking button of CCS control. The switching
from a low level to a high level cannot be achieved without operator command,
while the switching from a high level to a low level can be completed automatically
or by operating instructions.
1) automatic/manual mode
If one of the following cases occurs, the system will exit from the automatic
mode
Click button of AUTO/MAN
2) When in MANUAL mode, the operators may modify the valve position set
value with MANUAL SET button on OIS MANUAL CONTROL graphics, to
control valve setting signals directly.
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3.9 Turbine tripped
1) The item for DEH tripping includes:
1> DEH software trip:
System speed fault;
Before startup, the rotation speed is more than 100r/min when setting servo
system static
110% overspeed by software judged;
ETS trip.
2>DEH hardware trip:
110% overspeed by measure speed module;
ETS trip;
Lose 24V power alarm;
Lose 230VAC power in module cabinet;
2) The Exterior item for trip:
ETS trip;
Manual trip solenoid valve act front bearing box;
Emergency tripping device act.
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Protection
Functions
Communication

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Emergency tripping system of turbine is a supervisory system of turbine

critical parameter on which the turbine should get TRIP.

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Emergency tripping system of turbine is a Triple Modular Redundant (GMR)

System Havinga.Triple Redundant CPU System
b.Triple Redundant Communication System(GBC)
c.Triple Redundant Genius Input System
d.Double Redundant Genius Output System

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ARCHITECTURE OF ETS:

INPUT-I
GENIUS BUSES

INPUT-II

INPUT-III

OUTPUT-I
LOAD

OUTPUT-II
LOAD

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CONDITION FOR TURBINE TRIP

OVER SPEED TRIP 2 BY 3 110%.
SHAFT POSITION HIGH TRIP ( +1.2 mm -1.65 mm)
SHAFT VIBRATION HIGH TRIP ( ALARM 0.125 mm , TRIP 0.250 mm)
HIP CASING DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION HH TRIP ( +11.6 mm -6.6 mm)
LP CASING DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION HH TRIP ( +30 mm -8.0 mm)
LUBE OIL PRESSURE LOW TRIP ( 0.069 MPa)
EH OIL PRESSURE LOW TRIP ( 7.8 MPa)
LPA EX. TEMP. HIGH (107 C)
LPB EX. TEMP HIGH (107 C)
LPA VACCUM LOW (23.5 kpa(a))
LPB VACCUM LOW (23.5 kpa(a))
THRUST PAD METAL TEMP HIGH (ANY OF 20 110 C)
DEH FAILURE TRIP
HP BYPASS VALVE FAILED TRIP
LP BYPASS VALVE FAILED TRIP
MSV I/L STEAM TEMP LOW TRIP
MFT TRIP
GEN TRIP
GEN. STATOR COOLING WATER FLOW LOW (1110 L/Min)
HP EXH. METAL TEMP HIGH TRIP (420 C)
TURBINE JOURNAL BEARING METAL TEMP HIGH (115 C 2 sec DEALY)
MANUAL TRIP BUTTON
ETS POWER FAIL
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QUESTION

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