ID/FD FAN LOGIC SYSTEM

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 1

 PURGE PERMISSIVES
All HFO nozzle valves closed
All pulverisers OFF
All feeders OFF

No MFT condition present

All scanners senses no flame

TO
All Auxiliary Air dampers modulating
FSSS
Both PA fans OFF

All Mill HAGs closed

Air flow more than 30% and less than 50%

HFO trip valve is closed

Wind box to furnace DP is adequate

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 2
• Both FD fans OFF
• Both ID fans OFF.
• Inadequate water wall circulation for more than 5 seconds.
• Loss of Reheat Protection for greater than 10 seconds.
• All BFPs tripped.
• Drum level very high for more than 10 seconds (2/3 logic)
• Drum level very low for more than 10 seconds (2/3 logic)
• Furnace pressure very high (2/3 logic)
• Furnace pressure very low (2/3 logic)
• Loss of all fuel.
• All feeders OFF and loss of AC Supply to the elevation in service.
• Unit flame failure.
• Loss of Unit Critical Power for more than 2 seconds
• Both Secondary APHs OFF.
• Loss of 220 V DC Supply for more than 2 seconds.
• Air flow less than 30% and boiler load not greater than 30%.
• Manual Emergency trip.
10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 3
 Both FD fans OFF
Both ID fans OFF
Inadequate water wall circulation for more than 5 seconds
Loss of Reheat Protection for greater than 10 seconds
All BFPs tripped
Drum level very high for more than 10 seconds (2/3 logic)
Drum level very low for more than 10 seconds (2/3 logic)
Furnace pressure very high (2/3 logic)
Furnace pressure very low (2/3 logic) MFT
Loss of all fuel RELAY
All feeders OFF and loss of AC Supply to the elevation in service
Unit flame failure
Loss of Unit Critical Power for more than 2 seconds
Both Secondary APHs OFF
Loss of 220 V DC Supply for more than 2 seconds
Manual Emergency PB trip
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Air flow less than 30% and boiler load not greater than 30%
 1. ALL ID FANS OFF
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 Both ID Fans ‘OFF Contact’ sensed by MFT panels
• Purpose:
 Anticipatory protection to prevent furnace pressurization
 Loss of furnace pressure control and balanced draft
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec – INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 Simulate the signals from ID Fans Electrical Control
Circuit

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 2. ALL FD FANS OFF
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 Both FD Fans ‘OFF Contact’ sensed by MFT panels
• Purpose:
 Anticipatory protection to prevent reducing firing
condition
 Loss of total air flow control and balanced draft
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec – INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 Simulate the signals from FD Fans Electrical Switchgear

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 3. LOSS OF ALL FUEL
• Arming:
 Any HFO/LFO nozzle valve NOT closed
• Logic:
 All LFO cut off AND All HFO cut off AND All Feeders OFF
 Initiation of a mandatory purge cycle to restore furnace

• Purpose:
Backup protection to trip remaining equipment (eg. PA
Fans)
 0 sec – INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 Keep oil manual isolating valves in any one elevation
any one corner (done by OPN), simulate status of
manual valve (done by C&I), then give sequence start
command
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 4. FLAME FAILURE
• Arming:
 Any Feeder Proven for 2 sec
• Logic:
 All Elevations A to K voted NO Flame
 Eg. Elevation A voted no flame means –
 (AA 3/4 fireball scanners sense no flame AND AB 3/4
fireball scanners sense no flame AND AB 2/4 oil guns
not proven in service) OR
Feeder A Not Proven for 2 sec
 Stop firing under unstable flame fireball conditions
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec – INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 Simulate ‘feeder proven’ status without any oil in service

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 5. FURNACE PRESSURE VERY HIGH
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 2 out of 3 pressure switches sense furnace pressure
very high > +150 mmwc
• Purpose:
 To stop fuel firing under explosive tendency of furnace
 Prevent furnace structural distortion
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec – INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 Simulate from protection instrument, or by actual
pressurization if agreed by Operation Head.

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 6. FURNACE PRESSURE VERY LOW
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 2 out of 3 pressure switches sense furnace pressure
very low < -175 mmwc
• Purpose:
 To stop fuel firing under implosive tendency of furnace
 Prevent furnace structural distortion
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec – INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 Simulate from protection instrument, or by actual
depressurization if agreed by Operation Head.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 10

 7. DRUM LEVEL VERY HIGH
• Arming:
Always armed
• Logic:
 2 out of 3 logic derived from hydrastep-left-1, hydrastep-
right-1 and drum level transmitter > 250 mm
• Purpose:
 To prevent water carry over to superheater headers and
subsequently to turbine
• Protection Delay:
 10 sec.
• Protection Check:
 Actual (increase feed water flow slowly until level
reaches trip limit).

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 8. DRUM LEVEL VERY LOW
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 2 out of 3 logic derived from hydrastep-left-2, hydrastep-
right-2 and drum level transmitter < -375 mm
• Purpose:
 To prevent waterwall tubes starvation
 To prevent BCW pumps starvation
• Protection Delay:
 5 sec.
• Protection Check:
 Actual (decrease feed water flow slowly until level
reaches trip limit).

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 9. ALL BFP OFF
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 Both TDBFPs sensed ‘Not Working’ AND MDBFP
sensed OFF
• Purpose:
 Anticipatory protection for Drum Level Very Low
 To prevent economizer tubes starvation
• Protection Delay:
 10 sec.
• Protection Check:
 Simulate OFF contact of all BFP from BFP control panel

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 10. ALL SAH OFF
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 Both Secondary Air Heaters: electric motor OFF AND air
motor OFF
• Purpose:
 Preventing poor furnace combustion due to low
secondary air temperature
 Preventing flue gas damper isolation in all air heaters
• Protection Delay:
 5 sec.
• Protection Check:
 Actual.

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 11. WATERWALL CIRCULATION INCORRECT
• Arming:
 Boiler ON
• Logic:
 All BCW OFF (OR) 2/3 running BCW DP < 0.68 ksc

• Purpose:
 Preventing damage to waterwall tubes due to insufficient
cooling flow/circulation
 Preventing DNB (departure from nucleate boiling)
• Protection Delay:
 5 sec.
• Protection Check:
 Equalizing DP transmitters to simulate DP low.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 15

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 12. TOTAL AIR FLOW < 30%
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 Total Air Flow (Primary Air + Secondary Air) < 30% of full load
air flow (30% of 1800 Tph = 540 Tph)
• Purpose:
 Ensuring absolute minimum required quantity of air flow even
during startup
 Preventing localized accumulation of unburnt oil during startup
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec - INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 Actual.

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 13. REHEATER PROTECTION
• Arming:
 HP bypass AND LP bypass charged for the first time > 2%
• Logic:
 Generator Circuit Breaker Open AND (HP bypass OR LP bypass
Fail to Open)
OR
Reheater Inlet (HP) OR Outlet Path (IP/LP) Blocked
• Purpose:
 Ensuring absolute minimum required quantity of air flow even
during startup
 Preventing localized accumulation of unburnt oil during startup
• Protection Delay:
 10 sec.
• Protection Check:
 Actual.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 19

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 14. LOSS OF 24V DC
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 If 24V supply to any 2 MFT panels is lost, it will initiate a
hardwired MFT protection through 220V contactor circuit.

• Purpose:
 If 24V fails, the processors cannot execute any logic, leading to
unsafe condition
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec – INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 By 24V breaker simulation in MFT panel.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 22

 15. LOSS OF 220V DC
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 If 220V supply to any 2 MFT panels is lost, it will initiate a soft
MFT protection through processor logic.

• Purpose:
 If 220V fails, backup protection for 24V failure will be
unavailable.
• Protection Delay:
 2 sec.
• Protection Check:
 By 220V breaker in MFT panel.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 23

 17. 2/3 PROCESSORS FAIL/FROZEN
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 If any 2 MFT processors out of 3 go into failed state, or if any 2
MFT processors go into frozen output state, it will initiate MFT
protection.
• Purpose:
 This ensures that at least 2 processors are in healthy condition
at any point of time when boiler is in service.
 Failure of processors leads to unsafe condition
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec - INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 By actually creating frozen output state in processors.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 24

 17. 2/3 PROCESSORS COMMN FAIL
•Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 If any 2 MFT processors out of 3 stop communicating with the
Ethernet network (redundant net-A and net-B), they will initiate
MFT protection
• Purpose:
 This ensures that at least 2 processors are communicating
properly at any point of time when boiler is in service.
 Failure of communication leads to malfunction of protection
circuit
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec - INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 By actually isolating network connections of the processors.

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 18. EMERGENCY TRIP
• Arming:
 Always armed
• Logic:
 If both Desk Emergency Push Buttons pressed together (OR)
If both Backup Panel Push Buttons pressed together (OR)
If MFT is confirmed through popup from any workstation PC
• Purpose:
 This facility allows the operation desk engineer to directly trip
the boiler in case of any operational emergency eg. Boiler Tube
Leakage, Furnace excessive Clinkering, HFO oil leakage during
startup, turbine related emergencies etc.
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec - INSTANT.
• Protection Check:
 By actually operating push buttons/through PC.
10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 26
 POST-TRIP PURGE FANS TRIP
• Arming:
 Boiler not firing fuel for 5 min (MFT may or may not be reset)
• Logic:
 If furnace pressure very high > 150 mmwc OR very low < -175
mmwc (AND)
Air Flow > 30% THEN
TRIP all ID Fans and FD Fans
• Purpose:
 This protection safeguards furnace against furnace pressure
very high OR very low when boiler is NOT firing.
• Protection Delay:
 0 sec – INSTANT (5 min delay in arming circuit)

• Protection Check:
 By simulation at source.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 27

 RUNBACK – GRADED MILL TRIP
• Arming:
 More than 4 mills in service
• Logic:
 If any major auxiliary (eg. ID, FD, PA, BFP) trips and standby is
not available, unit load is automatically reduced according to
the new capability
 Mills are tripped one by one starting from top running mill, at 2
sec delay, until 4 running mills from bottom remain.
• Purpose:
 This interlock achieves the fastest possible load reduction, and
requires NO intervention of desk engineer
• Protection Delay:
 Varies from 1 sec to 1 min according to type of auxiliary
• Protection Check:
 Simulated at initiating point.

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 THANK YOU …
QUESTIONS ?

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 30

 P&I OF BOILER AUXILLARIES
A. FD FAN
START PERMISSIVES
• Blade pitch position minimum.
• Discharge damper fully closed.
• Lube oil pressure adequate.
• Control oil pressure adequate.
• Oil tank level normal.
• Bearing temperature not high.
• One ID Fan running AND other FD fan not
running.
OR Both ID Fan running

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 TRIPS
• Fan bearing temperature very high
• Post purge furnace pressure very high/ very low
• Outlet damper fail to open in set time (3 min)
• No ID fan running or one ID fan and one FD fan
already in service.

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 PA FAN
START PERMISSIVES
• Blade pitch minimum
• Lube oil pressure adequate
• Control oil pressure adequate
• Bearing temp. not high
• Discharge damper closed.
• Lube oil tank level adequate
• No MFT & Cold air damper closed
• At least one FD fan is running and
• PAPH A/B in service & respective air inlet/ outlet
dampers are open
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 TRIPS
• Fan bearing temperature very high.
• Trip from FSSS (MFT).
• Discharge damper fails to open.

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 ID FAN
START PERMISSIVES
• Hyd. coupling Scoop position minimum.
• Inlet guide vane position minimum.
• Bearing temperature not high.
• Oil temp. and oil level in Hyd. coupling OK.
• Lube oil pressure adequate.
• Both inlet and outlet dampers closed.
• Other ID fan not running or Any FD fan running.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 35

 TRIP CONDITION
• Fan/Motor bearing temperature very high.
• Lube oil pressure very low.
• Post purge furnace pressure Hi/Low from FSSS.
• Discharge dampers/ suction damper fail to open
within specified time (3 min.)
• Hydraulic coupling bearing temp. very high
• Hydraulic coupling oil temp. very high.

10 September 2019 PMI Revision 00 36

 SGWC PUMPS: (CC Pumps)

PERMISSIVES

• Discharge valve 1 open.

• Discharge valve 2 open.
• Motor cavity temp. not high.
• Pump cavity – suction manifold differential
temp. not high.
• Motor cooling water flow adequate.

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 TRIPS

• Any of the discharge valves not fully open.

• Motor cavity temp. high (60 deg. C) for more
than 5 Sec.
• Electrical protection trip/ EPB pressed.

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 Run back operation
• Tripping of PA Fan or FD Fan
• PA header pressure low/very low
• Sequential tripping of Mills/Feeders

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