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    Lec 3 CE 806 RCM Beams - Working Stress Method

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    wasimkhaliq
    This document discusses reinforced concrete as a structural material. It outlines both advantages, such as high compressive strength and resistance to fire/water, and disadvantages, including low tensile strength requiring reinforcement and heavy weight. Reinforced concrete beams are described as having steel reinforcement resisting tension while concrete resists compression. The design basis involves elastic behavior at low stresses and transformed section analysis for cracked and uncracked sections, as demonstrated in examples.

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    Lec 3 CE 806 RCM Beams - Working Stress Method

    Uploaded by

    wasimkhaliq
    52 views14 pages
    This document discusses reinforced concrete as a structural material. It outlines both advantages, such as high compressive strength and resistance to fire/water, and disadvantages, including low tensile strength requiring reinforcement and heavy weight. Reinforced concrete beams are described as having steel reinforcement resisting tension while concrete resists compression. The design basis involves elastic behavior at low stresses and transformed section analysis for cracked and uncracked sections, as demonstrated in examples.

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    Use of working stress method for design

    Original Title

    Lec 3 CE 806 RCM Beams –Working Stress Method

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    This document discusses reinforced concrete as a structural material. It outlines both advantages, such as high compressive strength and resistance to fire/water, and disadvantages, including low tensile strength requiring reinforcement and heavy weight. Reinforced concrete beams are described as having steel reinforcement resisting tension while concrete resists compression. The design basis involves elastic behavior at low stresses and transformed section analysis for cracked and uncracked sections, as demonstrated in examples.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views14 pages

    Lec 3 CE 806 RCM Beams - Working Stress Method

    Uploaded by

    wasimkhaliq
    This document discusses reinforced concrete as a structural material. It outlines both advantages, such as high compressive strength and resistance to fire/water, and disadvantages, including low tensile strength requiring reinforcement and heavy weight. Reinforced concrete beams are described as having steel reinforcement resisting tension while concrete resists compression. The design basis involves elastic behavior at low stresses and transformed section analysis for cracked and uncracked sections, as demonstrated in examples.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    NUST Institute of Civil Engineering

    CE 806

    Reinforced Concrete Members

    Alternate Design Method (Working


    Stress Method)
    Dr. Wasim Khaliq

    Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a


    Structural Material

    It has considerable compressive strength per unit cost compared with most
    other materials.
    Reinforced concrete has great resistance to the actions of fire and water.
    Reinforced concrete structures are very rigid.
    It is a low-maintenance material.
    It has a very long service life. Under proper conditions, reinforced concrete
    structures can be used indefinitely without reduction of their load carrying
    abilities.
    A special feature of concrete is its ability to be cast into an extraordinary variety
    of shapes from simple slabs, beams, and columns to great arches and shells.
    In most areas, concrete takes advantage of inexpensive local materials (sand,
    gravel, and water) and requires relatively small amounts of cement and
    reinforcing steel.
    A lower grade of skilled labor is required for erection as compared with other
    materials such as structural steel.

    Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete as a


    Structural Material

    Concrete has a very low tensile strength, requiring the use of tensile reinforcing.
    Forms are required to hold the concrete in place until it hardens sufficiently. In
    addition, false-work or shoring may be necessary to keep the forms in place for
    roofs, walls, floors, and similar structures until the concrete members gain
    sufficient strength to support themselves.
    The low strength per unit of weight of concrete leads to heavy members. This
    becomes an increasingly important matter for long-span structures, where
    concretes large dead weight has a great effect on bending moments.
    Lightweight aggregates can be used to reduce concrete weight, but the cost of
    the concrete is increased.
    The low strength per unit of volume of concrete means members will be
    relatively large, an important consideration for tall buildings and long-span
    structures.
    The properties of concrete vary widely because of variations in its proportioning
    and mixing.

    Reinforced Concrete Beam Behavior

    Plain concrete beams are inefficient as flexural members because the


    tensile strength (modulus of rupture) is a small fraction of the compressive
    strength.
    Such beams fail on the tension side at low loads long before the strength of
    the concrete on the compression side has been fully utilized.
    To cater for, steel reinforcing bars are placed on the tension side as close to
    the extreme tension fiber as is compatible with proper fire and corrosion
    protection of the steel.
    In such a reinforced concrete beam, the tension caused by the bending
    moments is chiefly resisted by the steel reinforcement, while the concrete
    alone is usually capable of resisting the corresponding compression.
    Such joint action of the two materials is ensured if relative slip is prevented.

    Reinforced Concrete Beam Behavior

    Rectangular beams fail in compression


    when the concrete strains reach
    values of about 0.003 to 0.004

    Design Basis

    Elastic Behavior
    At low stresses (fc/2) concrete is seen close to near elastic (stressstrain is close to proportional) with strain of about .005
    Steel is elastic upto yield point with large strain of .002
    Two strains being equal in reinforced concrete

    Axial Capacity

    or

    Transformed Section

    or
    or

    Stresses Elastic and Section Uncracked

    Example 3.1

    Stresses Elastic and Section Cracked

    Stresses Elastic and Section Cracked

    = 0

    (1)

    implies

    Example 3.2

    22.3 ksi
    1.39 ksi
    0.48 ksi
    2.8 ksi

    Stresses Elastic and Section Cracked

    Stresses Elastic and Section Cracked

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