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    Supervisory Development Programme-I (SDP-I) Topic: Non Destructive Testing (NDT) Faculty: Naveen Seth

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    vcp
    This document provides an overview of a training program on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to inspect materials and structures without harming them. The document outlines common NDT methods and where they are used, such as in manufacturing to detect flaws before production. It also describes different types of discontinuities like porosity, inclusions and cracks that NDT aims to identify, and categorizes them based on where they originate from in the production process. The training covers the importance of NDT in ensuring safety and quality control.

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    Supervisory Development Programme-I (SDP-I) Topic: Non Destructive Testing (NDT) Faculty: Naveen Seth

    Uploaded by

    vcp
    60 views20 pages
    This document provides an overview of a training program on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to inspect materials and structures without harming them. The document outlines common NDT methods and where they are used, such as in manufacturing to detect flaws before production. It also describes different types of discontinuities like porosity, inclusions and cracks that NDT aims to identify, and categorizes them based on where they originate from in the production process. The training covers the importance of NDT in ensuring safety and quality control.

    Original Description:

    NDT SDP 1a

    Original Title

    NDT_SDP_1A

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    This document provides an overview of a training program on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to inspect materials and structures without harming them. The document outlines common NDT methods and where they are used, such as in manufacturing to detect flaws before production. It also describes different types of discontinuities like porosity, inclusions and cracks that NDT aims to identify, and categorizes them based on where they originate from in the production process. The training covers the importance of NDT in ensuring safety and quality control.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views20 pages

    Supervisory Development Programme-I (SDP-I) Topic: Non Destructive Testing (NDT) Faculty: Naveen Seth

    Uploaded by

    vcp
    This document provides an overview of a training program on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to inspect materials and structures without harming them. The document outlines common NDT methods and where they are used, such as in manufacturing to detect flaws before production. It also describes different types of discontinuities like porosity, inclusions and cracks that NDT aims to identify, and categorizes them based on where they originate from in the production process. The training covers the importance of NDT in ensuring safety and quality control.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Supervisory Development Programme-I

    (SDP-I)
    Topic : Non Destructive Testing (NDT)
    Faculty : Naveen Seth

    L&T Heavy Engineering Divison


    Hazira

    Outline

    What is NDT ?

    Where is NDT used ?

    When is NDT used ?

    Types of Discontinuities.

    Common NDT methods.

    NDT in L&T

    Questions & Answers

    What is NDT ?
    NDT- Non Destructive Testing
    The use of noninvasive
    techniques to determine
    the integrity of a material,
    component or structure or
    quantitatively measure
    some characteristic of
    an object.i.e. Inspect or
    measure without doing harm.

    What is NDT ?

    Contd..

    The field of Nondestructive Testing (NDT) is a very


    broad, interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role
    in assuring that structural components and systems
    perform their function in a reliable and cost effective
    fashion. NDT technicians and engineers define and
    implement tests that locate and characterize
    material conditions and flaws that might otherwise
    cause planes to crash, reactors to fail, trains to
    derail, pipelines to burst, and a variety of less visible,
    but equally troubling events.

    What is NDT ?

    Contd..

    Because NDT allows inspection without interfering


    with a product's final use, it provides an excellent
    balance between quality control and costeffectiveness. Technology that is used in NDT is
    similar to those used in the medical industry; yet,
    typically nonliving objects are the subjects of the
    inspections.

    Where is NDT used ?


    NDT is used where we need to ensure the
    serviceability of a specimen. That may be the use of a
    raw material such as a casting, the use of fabrication
    such as welding, or the use of a finished part or
    completed system. We apply NDT where we cannot
    afford the cost of a failure of the specimen because
    failure would be financially unacceptable or cause
    harm to us.

    When is NDT used ?


    NDT is used both before and after production of raw
    materials such as ingots and castings, before and
    after fabrication, and before and after assembly of
    parts into a completed system. Using NDT "before"
    prevents a substandard material or part from
    wasting time and increasing scrap production. The
    "when" is right if profit, quality, and safety are the
    result of using NDT.

    Discontinuities
    Definition : The change in the geometry or
    composition of an object, it may be intentional or
    unintentional.
    Such changes inherently affect the physical
    properties of the object and may in turn have an
    effect on the objects ability to fulfill its intended use
    or service life.
    Every discontinuity is not a defect but every
    defect is a discontinuity.

    Discontinuities

    Contd

    The definition of defects changes with the type of


    component, its construction, its materials and the
    specifications or codes in force.
    It is possible that discontinuity in one object may be
    defect in another.Detection of discontinuities is
    largely dependent on the discontinuitys physical
    characteristics.

    Discontinuities

    Contd

    While performing NDT it is also important to consider


    how the material is produced, what manufacturing
    process are used to form the finished product and
    what discontinuities are typically initiated by the
    process operations. Discontinuity is categorized by
    the stage of manufacturing or use in which it
    initiates.

    Discontinuities

    Contd

    Discontinuity is categorized in four stages

    Inherent discontinuities.

    Primary processing discontinuities.

    Secondary processing discontinuities.

    Service induced discontinuities.

    Discontinuities

    Contd

    Inherent discontinuities :
    When ferromagnetic materials are produced, molten
    metal solidifies into ingot form producing what is
    known as inherent discontinuities.
    Such discontinuities then can be rolled, forged and
    section along with the material in its subsequent
    processing operations.

    Inherent Discontinuities

    Cold shut
    Location : Surface or Subsurface
    Cause : The meeting of two streams of liquid metal
    that do not fuse together.

    Inherent Discontinuities

    Porosity
    Location : Surface or Subsurface
    Cause : Entrapped gases during solidification of
    metals

    Inherent Discontinuities

    Inclusions
    Location : Surface or Subsurface
    Cause : Contaminant introduced during the casting
    process

    Inherent Discontinuities

    Hot tears
    Location : Surface
    Cause : Restraints from the core or mold during the
    cooling process.

    Segregation
    Location : Surface or subsurface
    Cause : Localized differences in material
    composition.

    Discontinuities

    Contd

    Primary Processing discontinuities :


    Discontinuities those originate during hot or cold
    forming are said to be primary processing
    discontinuities. The processing of a wrought product
    by rolling, forging, casting or drawing may introduce
    specific discontinuities into the product and inherent
    discontinuity that were at one time undetectable or
    insignificant may propagate and become detrimental

    Primary Processing Discontinuities (Weld)

    Porosity
    Location : Surface or Subsurface
    Cause : Vaporized constituents in the molten weld
    metal are entrapped during solidification.

    Primary Processing Discontinuities (Weld)

    Cluster Porosity
    Location : Surface or Subsurface
    Cause : Vaporized constituents in the molten weld
    metal are entrapped during solidification.

    Primary Processing Discontinuities (Weld)

    Slag Inclusion
    Location : Subsurface
    Cause : Improper cleaning of previous weld pass
    and mixing of oxides on the base metal surface into
    the weld pool

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